Table 4. Risk of Neurodevelopmental Delay Among Children Aged 24 Months.
| Outcomes | Group, No. (%)a | Preconception intervention, yes vs no, A+B vs C+D | Pregnancy intervention, yes vs no group, A+C vs B+D | Preconception and pregnancy intervention, yes vs no group, A vs D | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A (n = 509) | B (n = 473) | C (n = 380) | D (n = 350) | IRR (98.3% CI)b | ARR (%) (98.3% CI)b | IRR (98.3% CI)b | ARR (%) (98.3% CI)b | IRR (98.3% CI)b | ARR (%) (98.3% CI)b | |
| Cognitive | 28 (5.5) | 30 (6.3) | 24 (6.3) | 43 (12.3) | 0.66 (0.44 to 1.01) | −3.0 (−6.0 to 0) | 0.62 (0.40 to 0.96) | −3.0 (−7.0 to 0.00) | 0.44 (0.24 to 0.80) | −7.0 (−12.0 to −2.0) |
| Language | 78 (15.3) | 106 (22.4) | 69 (18.2) | 84 (24.0) | 0.90 (0.92 to 1.14) | −3.0 (−8.0 to 2.0) | 0.73 (0.57 to 0.93) | −6.0 (−11.0 to −1.0) | 0.65 (0.46 to 0.93) | −8.0 (−15.0 to −1.0) |
| Motor | 16 (3.1) | 21 (4.4) | 13 (3.4) | 22 (6.3) | 0.78 (0.44 to 1.37) | −1.0 (−3.0 to 2.0) | 0.65 (0.36 to 1.17) | −2.0 (−4.0 to 1.0) | 0.52 (0.24 to 1.12) | −3.0 (−6.0 to 2.0) |
| Socioemotional | 8 (1.6) | 15 (3.2) | 11 (2.9) | 22 (6.3) | 0.52 (0.28 to 0.98) | −2.0 (−4.0 to 0) | 0.49 (0.24 to 0.97) | −2.0 (−4.0 to 0) | 0.28 (0.10 to 0.79) | −4.0 (−8.0 to −1.0) |
Abbreviations: ARR, absolute risk reduction; IRR, incidence rate ratio.
a
Denotes the number (%) of children who were assessed for neurodevelopment, the secondary outcome of the previously published WINGS trial,11 using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development Third Edition assessment. See footnote a in Table 2 for the group definitions.
b
Adjusted for clustering for twin birth, maternal height, maternal body mass index at the time of pregnancy detection, paternal years of schooling, family income, below-the-poverty-line status, and place of delivery. Neurodevelopmental delay was defined as composite score of less than 85 on Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition, assessment.