Skip to main content
PMC home page
Plant Physiology logoLink to Plant Physiology
. 1991 Mar;95(3):814–821. doi: 10.1104/pp.95.3.814

Molecular Cloning and Expression of Abscisic Acid-Responsive Genes in Embryos of Dormant Wheat Seeds 1

Craig F Morris 1,2, Robert J Anderberg 1,2, Peter J Goldmark 1,2,2, Mary K Walker-Simmons 1,2
PMCID: PMC1077611  PMID: 16668059

Abstract

Hydrated dormant cereal seeds do not germinate even when environmental conditions are favorable for germination. By using cDNA cloning and differential screening, we have identified mRNAs from five gene families that are abundant in the embryos of imbibed, but developmentally arrested wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds. Gene transcript levels of these mRNAs are maintained and even increase in embryos of imbibed dormant seeds for as long as the seeds remain dormant. In contrast, transcript levels decline in nondormant seeds after imbibition and disappear as germination occurs. All the identified genes are ABA responsive. Based on these data we conclude that wheat seeds in the hydrated dormant state exhibit prolonged expression of ABA-responsive genes.

Full text

PDF
814

Images in this article

818Figure 3
on p.818

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Aviv H., Leder P. Purification of biologically active globin messenger RNA by chromatography on oligothymidylic acid-cellulose. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1972 Jun;69(6):1408–1412. doi: 10.1073/pnas.69.6.1408. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Badley J. E., Bishop G. A., St John T., Frelinger J. A. A simple, rapid method for the purification of poly A+ RNA. Biotechniques. 1988 Feb;6(2):114–116. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Benton W. D., Davis R. W. Screening lambdagt recombinant clones by hybridization to single plaques in situ. Science. 1977 Apr 8;196(4286):180–182. doi: 10.1126/science.322279. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Cathala G., Savouret J. F., Mendez B., West B. L., Karin M., Martial J. A., Baxter J. D. A method for isolation of intact, translationally active ribonucleic acid. DNA. 1983;2(4):329–335. doi: 10.1089/dna.1983.2.329. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Chirgwin J. M., Przybyla A. E., MacDonald R. J., Rutter W. J. Isolation of biologically active ribonucleic acid from sources enriched in ribonuclease. Biochemistry. 1979 Nov 27;18(24):5294–5299. doi: 10.1021/bi00591a005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Close T. J., Kortt A. A., Chandler P. M. A cDNA-based comparison of dehydration-induced proteins (dehydrins) in barley and corn. Plant Mol Biol. 1989 Jul;13(1):95–108. doi: 10.1007/BF00027338. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Del Sal G., Manfioletti G., Schneider C. A one-tube plasmid DNA mini-preparation suitable for sequencing. Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 Oct 25;16(20):9878–9878. doi: 10.1093/nar/16.20.9878. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Feinberg A. P., Vogelstein B. "A technique for radiolabeling DNA restriction endonuclease fragments to high specific activity". Addendum. Anal Biochem. 1984 Feb;137(1):266–267. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(84)90381-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Glisin V., Crkvenjakov R., Byus C. Ribonucleic acid isolated by cesium chloride centrifugation. Biochemistry. 1974 Jun 4;13(12):2633–2637. doi: 10.1021/bi00709a025. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Goldberg R. B. Plants: novel developmental processes. Science. 1988 Jun 10;240(4858):1460–1467. doi: 10.1126/science.3287622. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Hilz H., Wiegers U., Adamietz P. Stimulation of proteinase K action by denaturing agents: application to the isolation of nucleic acids and the degradation of 'masked' proteins. Eur J Biochem. 1975 Aug 1;56(1):103–108. doi: 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1975.tb02211.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Hole D. J., Smith J. D., Cobb B. G. Regulation of Embryo Dormancy by Manipulation of Abscisic Acid in Kernels and Associated Cob Tissue of Zea mays L. Cultured in Vitro. Plant Physiol. 1989 Sep;91(1):101–105. doi: 10.1104/pp.91.1.101. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Litts J. C., Colwell G. W., Chakerian R. L., Quatrano R. S. The nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone encoding the wheat Em protein. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Apr 24;15(8):3607–3618. doi: 10.1093/nar/15.8.3607. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. McCarty D. R., Carson C. B., Stinard P. S., Robertson D. S. Molecular Analysis of viviparous-1: An Abscisic Acid-Insensitive Mutant of Maize. Plant Cell. 1989 May;1(5):523–532. doi: 10.1105/tpc.1.5.523. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Meeks-Wagner D. R., Dennis E. S., Tran Thanh Van K., Peacock W. J. Tobacco genes expressed during in vitro floral initiation and their expression during normal plant development. Plant Cell. 1989 Jan;1(1):25–35. doi: 10.1105/tpc.1.1.25. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Morris C. F., Moffatt J. M., Sears R. G., Paulsen G. M. Seed dormancy and responses of caryopses, embryos, and calli to abscisic Acid in wheat. Plant Physiol. 1989 Jun;90(2):643–647. doi: 10.1104/pp.90.2.643. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Mundy J., Chua N. H. Abscisic acid and water-stress induce the expression of a novel rice gene. EMBO J. 1988 Aug;7(8):2279–2286. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb03070.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Raikhel N. V., Wilkins T. A. Isolation and characterization of a cDNA clone encoding wheat germ agglutinin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Oct;84(19):6745–6749. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.19.6745. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Ried J. L., Walker-Simmons M. K. Synthesis of abscisic Acid-responsive, heat-stable proteins in embryonic axes of dormant wheat grain. Plant Physiol. 1990 Jun;93(2):662–667. doi: 10.1104/pp.93.2.662. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Rogers J. C., Milliman C. Isolation and sequence analysis of a barley alpha-amylase cDNA clone. J Biol Chem. 1983 Jul 10;258(13):8169–8174. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Sargent T. D. Isolation of differentially expressed genes. Methods Enzymol. 1987;152:423–432. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(87)52049-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Skriver K., Mundy J. Gene expression in response to abscisic acid and osmotic stress. Plant Cell. 1990 Jun;2(6):503–512. doi: 10.1105/tpc.2.6.503. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Ullrich A., Shine J., Chirgwin J., Pictet R., Tischer E., Rutter W. J., Goodman H. M. Rat insulin genes: construction of plasmids containing the coding sequences. Science. 1977 Jun 17;196(4296):1313–1319. doi: 10.1126/science.325648. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Walker-Simmons M. ABA Levels and Sensitivity in Developing Wheat Embryos of Sprouting Resistant and Susceptible Cultivars. Plant Physiol. 1987 May;84(1):61–66. doi: 10.1104/pp.84.1.61. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Plant Physiology are provided here courtesy of Oxford University Press

RESOURCES