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. 2023 Dec 11;12:e89822. doi: 10.7554/eLife.89822

Figure 3. Proliferative progenitor cells (PPCs) have a myofibroblast-like phenotype and express Inhba.

(A) GO term analysis of genes up- or down-regulated in the PPCs (cluster 2) compared to other periosteal mesenchymal cell clusters. (B) Violin plots of myofibroblastic cell marker gene expression. (C) Violin plots of Inhba gene expression. (D) Flow analysis of EdU+ cells in mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs; Lin−Cd34+) and PPCs (Lin−Cd34−) from the periosteum of intact and fractured (day 5) mouse bones. n = 4 mice/group. (E) qRT-PCR analyses of stem cell markers (top), myofibroblast markers, and Inhba (bottom) in MPCs and PPCs at day 5 post fracture. n = 4 mice/group. Data are expressed as means ± SD and analyzed by unpaired two-tailed t-test. (F) Whole mount immunofluorescence images of αSMA and Activin A distribution in mouse callus at day 5 post fracture. Boxed areas in the left panel are shown enlarged on the right. Arrows point to representative Td+ cells that are co-stained with both αSMA and Activin A antibodies. CB: cortical bone. Scale bar, 50 μm.

Figure 3—source data 1. Source data for Figure 3D.
Figure 3—source data 2. Source data for Figure 3E.

Figure 3.

Figure 3—figure supplement 1. The expression patterns of myofibroblast-like cell markers, Inhba, and its receptors in fracture healing.

Figure 3—figure supplement 1.

(A) Myofibroblast-like marker genes were examined for expression in cell clusters during the fracture healing process on day 0 (prior to fracture) and days 5 and 10 after fracture. (B) Inhba gene expression patterns are shown for comparison. (C) Expression pattern of Activin A receptors in mesenchymal lineage cells.