Swimming velocity of C. jejuni lacking vidB or overexpressing vidB at low and high viscosities. (A and B) Swimming velocity of cells after growth of cultures for 24 h in MH broth alone (1 cP) or MH broth with methylcellulose (40 cP). For panel A, strains included WT, ΔvidA, ΔvidB, and vidBS363G. For panel B, strains included WT with empty vector or vector containing vidB or vidBS363G to overexpress the respective proteins and ΔvidA with the empty vector. Swimming velocities of individual cells (n > 100) were measured by video tracking under dark-field microscopy. Assays were performed in triplicate and combined. Bar represents the mean swimming velocity of the population. Circles represent individual cells with velocities of <1 µm/s (white), 1–13 μm/s (gray), 13–20 μm/s (blue), 20–30 μm/s (red), and >30 µm/s (yellow). Statistical significance of difference in swimming velocities of WT for panel A or WT with empty vector for panel B at 1 or 40 cP compared to other strains grown in media of the same viscosity was calculated by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. *P < 0.05.