Table 1.
Gene expression (mRNA) of enzymes related to fructose metabolism, polyol pathway, and HIF-1α target genes from placenta of control mothers (CC), or pregnant rats from fructose-fed mothers subjected (FF) or not (FC) to fructose intake throughout pregnancy.
| CC | FC | FF | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fructose Metabolism | |||
| KHK | 0.88 ± 0.10 | 1.76 ± 0.56 | 1.40 ± 0.207 |
| Aldo B | 1.86 ± 0.89 | 3.49 ± 2.35 | 0.88 ± 0.38 |
| TKFC | 1.00 ± 0.16 | 0.85 ± 0.19 | 0.78 ± 0.21 |
| SDH | 1.04 ± 0.17 | 1.10 ± 0.41 | 0.70 ± 0.04 |
| HIF1α Target genes | |||
| HIF1α | 1.00 ± 0.05 | 1.42 ± 0.16 | 1.20 ± 0.12 |
| GLUT1 | 1.16 ± 0.10 | 0.91 ± 0.02 | 0.92 ± 0.18 |
| PDK1 | 0.92 ± 0.06 | 1.11 ± 0.07 | 1.20 ± 0.12 |
| LDHA | 0.99 ± 0.03 | 1.00 ± 0.10 | 0.87 ± 0.13 |
| MCT1 | 1.02 ± 0.12 | 1.06 ± 0.19 | 0.81 ± 0.02 |
| PFKB3 | 1.03 ± 0.15 | 1.04 ± 0.25 | 0.59 ± 0.07 |
| BNIP3 | 0.99 ± 0.05 | 1.14 ± 0.11 | 1.07 ± 0.13 |
| ADORA2B | 1.02 ± 0.11 | 0.72 ± 0.11 | 0.91± 0.12 |
| IL1β | 0.82 ± 0.06 | 1.71 ± 0.44 | 1.61 ± 0.34 |
| VEGF | 0.90 ± 0.02 | 1.31 ± 0.02 | 1.25 ± 0.14 |
Data are expressed as means ± S.E., n = 5 (CC); 4 (FC); and 5 (FF) rats. Relative target gene mRNA levels were measured by real-time PCR as explained in Materials and Methods, normalized to Rps29 levels and expressed in arbitrary units (a.u.). KHK: ketohexokinase; Aldo B: aldolase B; TKFC: triokinase and FMN cyclase; SDH: sorbitol dehydrogenase; HIF-1α: hypoxia-inducible factor 1 subunit alpha; GLUT1: glucose transporter; PDK1: pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1; LDHA: lactate dehydrogenase A; MCT1: monocarboxylate transporter 1; BNIP3: BCL2 interacting protein 3; ADORA2B: adenosine A2b receptor; PFKB3: 6-Phosphofructo-2-Kinase/Fructose-2,6-Biphosphatase 3; IL1β: interleukin 1 β; VEGF: vascular endothelial growth factor.