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. 2023 Nov 10;1184:19–39. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.1184.111728

The collection of the genus Epepeotes Pascoe, 1866 housed in the Natural History Museum, London (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae)

Guanglin Xie 1,2, Maxwell V L Barclay 2,✉, Wenkai Wang 1,✉
PMCID: PMC10836420  PMID: 38314326

Abstract

Data on the collection of the genus Epepeotes Pascoe, 1866 deposited in the Natural History Museum, London are presented. A total of 23 species/subspecies, including type specimens of 18 names, of them 13 valid, are recorded. Epepeotesuncinatuslineatopunctatus Breuning, 1960 is restored to subspecies-level status. Lectotypes are designated for Epepeotesuncinatusuncinatus Gahan, 1888 and Epepeotesandamanicus Gahan, 1893. Epepeotesluscusluscus (Fabricius, 1787) is newly recorded in Cambodia and Singapore, and Epepeotesuncinatusuncinatus Gahan, 1888 is newly recorded in Bangladesh. Images of the type and other significant specimens are provided for 23 taxa, mainly for the first time.

Key words: Longhorned beetles, new distribution, new status, NHMUK, type material, zoological collections

Introduction

The genus Epepeotes was established for the species Lamialusca Fabricius, 1787 by Pascoe (1866a). It currently consists of 39 species/subspecies widespread in Asia (Tavakilian and Chevillotte 2023). The following genera are considered as synonyms: Diochares Pascoe, 1866 [type-species: Cerambyxfimbriatus Olivier, 1795 (= Cerambyxdesertusdesertus Linnaeus, 1758)], Mengelotes Dillon & Dillon, 1941 [type-species: Mengelotesambiguus Dillon & Dillon, 1941 (= Macrochenusambigenus Chevrolat, 1841)] and Falsomonohammus Pic, 1943 [type-species: Falsomonohammusdiverseglabratus Pic, 1943].

This study is based on the collection of the Natural History Museum, London [formerly British Museum, Natural History (BMNH), and hereafter NHM or NHMUK], which houses 620 categorized specimens (not counting those not sorted) of 23 valid species/subspecies, of which 13 valid taxa and five junior synonyms are represented by type material. A record of all species is given below.

Material and methods

The material examined in this study, already identified by earlier specialists, is deposited in the NHM. Verbatim quotation is used here for all labels of studied type specimens and the label text is given in single quotation marks. Labels of non-type specimens are summarized briefly, to provide the reader with information on the country of origin, locality, but more detail, such as acquisition numbers, collector names and month and year of collecting and other information, is generally not reproduced. Individual labels are separated by a semicolon, and data on different rows by a single slash. Additional and explanatory comments by the authors are given in square brackets. Abbreviations are used in the text for label text: h for handwritten, p for printed. In the list, species records are listed in chronological order of publication, different subspecies of the same species are presented together in chronological order.

Photographs were taken using a Canon 7D Mark II SLR camera with a Canon EFS 100 mm lens and edited using Adobe Photoshop 2020 release. Extended depth of field at magnifications was achieved by combining multiple images from a range of focal planes using Combine ZM or Helicon Focus software.

Results

Data on the genus Epepeotes from the collection of the NHM are summarized on the basis of 620 observed specimens. The collection comprises 23 valid taxa, including types of 18 names, of them 13 valid and five invalid. Labeling details of each type specimen are reproduced verbatim without corrections or additions. Some additional information is provided as comments. The list of Epepeotes deposited in the NHM collection is given as follows.

. Epepeotes desertus desertus

(Linnaeus, 1758)

D15EEE0A-F964-52EA-8DE5-4001FCED40CB

Fig. 1a–c

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

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Habitus of Epepeotesdesertus (Linnaeus, 1758) a–cEpepeotesdesertusdesertus (Linnaeus, 1758) d–fEpepeotesdesertusrhobetor (Newman, 1842) g, hEpepeotesdesertusobscurus (Aurivillius, 1926) d, e holotype a, f, g male b, d, h female.

  • Cerambyx desertus Linnaeus, 1758: 391. Type locality: America [wrong locality record].

  • Cerambix (Lamia) fimbriatus Olivier, 1795: 71 [misspelling].

  • Lamia lineator Fabricius, 1801: 283. Type locality: India.

  • Diochares fimbriatus : Pascoe 1866: 303.

  • Epepeotes desertus : Breuning 1943: 229.

Non-type material.

8 specimens. India (5): E. India (1 male, 1 female), Goram (1 male, 2 females). Indonesia (2): Ceram (1 female); Moluccas (1 male). Country unknown (1): Pascoe collection (1): Mano (1 female).

. Epepeotes desertus rhobetor

(Newman, 1842)

CF29D9B8-7FD6-56E7-9184-192411FE5AB1

Fig. 1d–f

  • Monohammus ? Rhobetor [sic] Newman, 1842: 276. Type locality: Manila [Philippines].

  • Diochares desertus var. rhobetor : Aurivillius 1922: 81.

  • Epepeotes desertus s.- sp. rhobetor : Breuning 1943: 229.

  • Epepeotes desertus ssp. rhobetor : Breuning 1961: 326.

  • Epepeotes desertus rhobetor : Barševskis 2020: 180.

Type material.

Phllippines. Holotype of Monohammus? Rhobetor Newman, 1842, female: ‘Type [p, label circular, red framed]; Phil / Isla [p]; Monohammus? Rhobetor / fimbriatus Oliv. Pl 19 f 143 / Newman Entom. 276 [h]; Monohammus / rhobetor / Type Newm [h]; NHMUK014596273 [p]’.

Non-type material.

40 specimens. Indonesia (33): Moluccas (1 male, 4 females); Amboina (2 males, 2 females); Ceram (5 males, 3 females); Celebes (1 female); Bouru [Borneo] (2 males, 1 female); Seram (4 females); Mausela (4 males, 4 females). Philippines (4): Philippine Islands (1 male, 3 females). India (1): Goram (1 female). Country unknown (2): Bowring collection (1): maki. (1 male); Ent. Club (1 male).

. Epepeotes desertus obscurus

(Aurivillius, 1926)

6604300A-70E5-508B-AAE6-3E7C6AB2C278

Fig. 1g, h

  • Diochares desertus var. obscurus Aurivillius, 1926: 102. Type locality: Buru [Indonesia].

  • Epepeotes desertus s.- sp. obscurus : Breuning 1943: 229.

  • Epepeotes desertus ssp. obscurus : Breuning 1961: 326.

  • Epepeotes desertus obscurus : Barševskis 2020: 180.

Non-type material.

14 specimens. Indonesia (14): Ceram (2 females); Mausela (5 males, 7 females).

Comments.

Breuning (1943) stated that the subspecies E.desertusrhobetor is distinguished from the subspecies E.d.desertus by the body usually smaller, the antennae more slender, the body markings yellow, and the elytral spots small and separate, with only a few individuals uniting into narrow transverse bands before and after the middle; the subspecies E.d.obscurus is separated from the nominate subspecies by the elytron with less concave apex and reduced body markings. However, the holotype of E.d.rhobetor (Fig. 1d) has the complete premedian transverse band and the postmedian band consisting of several large spots that are not fully fused, which is different from the description and illustration by Breuning (1943). Olivier (1808) illustrated the dorsal view of the species Cerambixfimbriatus Olivier, 1795 (Fig. 1c, now a synonym of the nominate subspecies), which differs from E.d.rhobetor and E.d.obscurus mainly in the large and complete premedian and postmedian transverse bands on the elytra. However, the body markings and size are variable in this species, which make it difficult to accurately distinguish the three subspecies. The taxonomic status of the three subspecies is expected to be resolved by further study of more type and non-type material, perhaps with the possible removal of the subspecies-level status.

. Epepeotes luscus luscus

(Fabricius, 1787)

B93DAB7C-43CF-57B5-90E9-D7B0217CF339

Fig. 2

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

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Habitus of Epepeotesluscusluscus (Fabricius, 1787) a, b holotype of Lamialusca Fabricius, 1787 c, d holotype of Epepeotesfumosus Pascoe, 1866 i, j syntype of Epepeotesluscusvar.enganensis Gahan, 1907 b, e, g, i, o male c, k, m female f, h, l, n, p labels.

  • Lamia lusca Fabricius, 1787: 139. Type locality: Siam [Thailand].

  • Cerambyx (Lamia) luscus : Gmelin 1790: 1836.

  • Epepeotes luscus : Pascoe 1866a: 249.

  • Epepeotes fumosus Pascoe, 1866b: 301. Type locality: Flores [Indonesia].

  • Epepeotes luscus var. enganensis Gahan, 1907: 80. Type locality: Engano [Indonesia].

  • Epepeotes luscus ab. flavomaculatus Aurivillius, 1924: 27. Type locality: Sumatra [Indonesia].

  • Epepeotes soembanicus Schwarzer, 1931: 66. Type locality: Mao Marroe: Ost-Soemba [Indonesia].

  • Epepeotes luscus m. densemaculatus Breuning, 1943: 223. Type locality: Birmanie [Burma].

  • Epepeotes luscus m. ochreosticticus Breuning, 1943: 223. Type locality: Nicobar Island [India].

  • Epepeotes luscus m. interruptus Breuning, 1943: 223. Type locality: Nias Island [Indonesia].

  • Epepeotes luscus alorensis Breuning, 1960: 29. Type locality: Alor Island [Indonesia].

  • Epepeotes luscus var. subuniformis Gilmour & Breuning, 1963: 125. Type locality: Sumatra: P. Sebuku [Indonesia].

Type material.

Thailand. Holotype, male: ‘Type [p, label circular, red framed]; Lam. Lusca / Fabr. Mant. Ins. n. 35 [h]; NHMUK014596790 [p]’. Indonesia. Holotype of Epepeotesfumosus Pascoe, 1866, female: ‘Type [p, label circular, red framed]; Flores [h, label oval, dark green]; Pascoe / Coll. / 93–60 [p]; Epepeotes / fumosus / Type Pasc [h]; Epepeotes / fumosus / Flores Pa [h]; NHMUK014596286 [p]’; Indonesia. One syntype of Epepeotesluscusvar.enganensis Gahan, 1907, male: ‘Sumatra / Engano Is. [p]; Doherty [p]; 67584 [h]; Fry Coll. / 1905. 100. [p]; Epepeotes / luscus. F. / v. enganesis / ♂ Type Gahan [h], NHMUK014596282’; Indonesia. Syntypes of Epepeotesluscusvar.enganensis Gahan, 1907, two females: ‘Sumatra / Engano Is. [p]; Doherty [p]; 67584 [h]; Fry Coll. / 1905. 100. [p]’.

Non-type material.

264 specimens. Indonesia (77): Gunung Perak (1 female); Java (15 males, 7 females); Sumatra (27 males, 16 females); Borneo (4 males, 3 females); Tambang Sawah (1 male, 1 female); Lom. [Lombok] (1 male); Nias (1 female); Malaysia (135): N. Borneo (4 males, 3 females); Dindings (1 female); Malacca (1 male); Penang (2 males, 5 females); Perak (6 males, 4 females); Pahang (2 females); Malay (2 males, 1 female); Malay Peninsula (15 males, 12 females); Malaya (5 males, 5 females); Kinabalu (1 male), Kumching (6 males, 6 females); Malay States (4 males, 1 female); Sarawak (26 males, 16 females); Bukit kutu (1 male, 1 female); Gunung Angsi (1 female); Tenasserim Hill (2 males); Siam: Malay states (1 female); Pulau Tioman (1 male). Cambodia (2): Camboja (2 females). India (7): India (1 female), India Orient (3 males, 1 female); Jalor (2 males). Myanmar (5): Burmah (2 females), Rangoon (3 males). Thailand (6): Peninsular Siam, Nakon Sri Tammarat (2 males, 1 female), Siam, Me Song Forest (1 female); Khao Ram, Siam (1 female); Ronpilum (1 female). Laos (2): Phou Tiou (2 males). Singapore (10): Singapore (3 male, 5 females), Singapore Island (2 females). Country unknown (20): Bowring–Chevrolat collection (2): locality label not present (1 male); locality label unreadable (1 male). Ex. F. M. S. Museum (4): Gap (1 male); Kia moo (1 female); locality label unreadable (1 female); locality label not present (1 male). Pascoe collection (1): locality label unreadable (1 male). G. Bryant Collecton (3): Maling (3 males). E. I. C. (3): locality label not present (2 males, 1 female). Ind. Mus. (1): locality label not present (1 female). Imp. Bur. Ent. (1): Th Gap (1 male). Timol (1 male). Thassauaddy (1 male). Kne (1 female). locality label unreadable (1 male). locality label not present (1 male).

Comments.

Two specimens from Camboja [Cambodia] (Fig. 2k, l) and 10 specimens from Singapore (Fig. 2m, n) were found in the collection, which represent the new country record respectively.

. Epepeotes lateralis

(Guérin-Ménevilie, 1831)

E1580CED-D06C-545F-85CA-C6362D1794D6

Fig. 3a–e

Figure 3.

Figure 3.

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Habitus of Epepeotes spp. a–eEpepeoteslateralis (Guérin-Méneville, 1831) f–hEpepeotesambigenusambigenus (Chevrolat, 1841) a, b syntype of Epepeotesmeridianus Pascoe, 1866 f, g holotype a, c, h male e, f female.

  • Monochamus lateralis Guérin-Ménevilie, 1831: 113. Type locality: unknown.

  • Leprodera spinosa Thomson, 1857: 179. Type locality: Java [Indonesia].

  • Epepeotes meridianus Pascoe, 1866: 302. Type locality: Java, Sumatra, Tondano [Indonesia]; Sarawak [Malaysia], Singapore.

  • Epepeotes lateralis : Aurivillius 1922: 79.

  • Epepeotes lateralis var. niasica Aurivillius, 1923: 452. Type locality: Nias [Indonesia].

  • Epepeotes spinosus m. bimaculatus Breuning, 1943: 225. Type locality: Java [Indonesia].

Type material.

Indonesia. Syntype of Epepeotesmeridianus Pascoe, 1866, male: ‘Type [p, label circular, red framed]; Java [h, label oval, dark green]; Epepeotes / meridianus / type Pasc. [h]; Epepeotes / meridianus / Java P [h]; NHMUK014596276 [p]’.

Non-type material.

72 specimens. Indonesia (31): Nias (2 males, 2 females); Java (7 males, 10 females); Sumatra (3 males, 3 females); Borneo (1 male, 3 females). Malaysia (25): Sarawak (12 males, 8 females); Penang (1 male); Perak (2 females); Siamess Malay states (1 male); Malay states (1 female). Singapore (3): Singapore (2 males, 1 female). Country unknown (13): G. Bryant collection (6): Maling (4 males, 2 females), Bowring–Chevrolat collection (4): locality label not present (2 males, 1 female); locality unreadable (1 female). E. I. C. (1): locality label not present (1 male). locality label not present (2 females).

Comments.

There is a specimen from Bowring–Chevrolate collection labeled with a handwritten “Type” label [Fig. 3c, d]: ‘Euoplia / Th / spinosa / Th type’. ‘Th’ should be the abbreviation of ‘Thomson’. However, the genus Euoplia was erected by Hope (1839), and Thomson (1857) published this species with the name of ‘Leproderaspinosa’, and the type specimens are deposited in the Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. Obviously, this is a labelling error by a curator and it is not the type specimen.

. Epepeotes ambigenus ambigenus

(Chevrolat, 1841)

D6028D39-BE61-5A8E-A395-AFC7736FF13F

Fig. 3f–h

  • Monohammus ambigenus Chevrolat, 1841: 228. Type locality: Manila [Philippines].

  • Diochares ambigenus : Pascoe 1866: 303.

  • Mengelotes ambiguus : Dillon and Dillon 1941: 43. Type locality: Mexico.

  • Epepeotes ambigenus : Breuning 1943: 228.

  • Epepeotes ambigenus ambigenus : Hua 2002: 207.

Type material.

Philippines. Holotype, female: ‘Type [p, label circular, red framed]; Manil. [h]; Monohammus / ambigenus Ch / Rev. Zoo, 1841 Manille [h] / Bowr. Chevr. /, 63· 47* [p] / NHMUK014596278 [p]’.

Non-type material.

22 specimens. Philippines (18): Philippine Islands (8 males 4 females), Philippines (1 male, 1 female), PHIL. (1 male, 1 female), Luzon (1 male); Albay (1 female); Indonesia (1): Java (1 male); Country unknown (3): Corla (1 male); locality label not present (1 male, 1 female).

. Epepeotes plorator plorator

(Newman, 1842)

B9CCD20A-5CC1-546C-AFAE-904005C70C35

Fig. 4a, b, e

Figure 4.

Figure 4.

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Habitus of Epepeotesplorator (Newman, 1842) a, b, eEpepeotesploratorplorator (Newman, 1842) c, fEpepeotesploratorsanghiricus Breuning, 1938 d, gEpepeotesploratorcelebensis Aurivillius, 1922 a, b holotype a,c, d male e, f, g female.

  • Monohammus plorator Newman, 1842: 276. Type locality: Manille [Philippines].

  • Rhamses vitticollis Thomson, 1878: xviii. Type locality: Borneo [Indonesia].

  • Pelargoderus vitticollis : Ritsema 1885: 44.

  • Diochares mindanaonis Heller, 1915: 240. Type locality: Mindanao, Davao [Philippines].

  • Epepeotes plorator : Heller 1916: 306.

  • Epepeotes multinotatus Pic, 1925: 19. Type locality: Japan.

  • Epepeotes plorator m. mindanaonis: Breuning 1943: 225.

  • Epepeotes spinosoides Breuning, 1980: 170. Type locality: Mindanao [Philippines].

Type material.

Philippines. Holotype, male: ‘Type [p, label circular, red framed]; Phil / Isla [p]; Monohammusplorator / Newman Entomol 276 [h]; Monohammus / plorator / Type Newm. [h]; NHMUK014596277’.

Non-type material.

3 specimens. Philippines (3): Philippine Islands (1 male, 2 females).

. Epepeotes plorator celebensis

Aurivillius, 1922

9A4D476B-117E-5F3C-BA6A-68394ABC135F

Fig. 4d, g

  • Epepeotes plorator var. celebensis Aurivillius, 1922: 80. Type locality: Celebes [Indonesia].

  • Epepeotes plorator s.- sp. celebensis : Breuning 1943: 225.

  • Epepeotes plorator ssp. celebensis : Breuning 1961: 326.

  • Epepeotes plorator celebensis : Fahri and Sataral 2015: 152.

Non-type material.

14 specimens. Indonesia (10): Celebes (5 males, 2 females), Borneo (1 male), New Guinea (1 female), Macassar (1 male); Country unknown (4): Bowring collection (1), locality label not present or unclear (1 male). Pascoe collection (3): Tond. (2 males, 1 female).

. Epepeotes plorator sanghiricus

Breuning, 1938

5F0E6849-BEDC-586C-8D66-5FE0713AD758

Fig. 4c, f

  • Epepeotes sanghiricus Breuning, 1938: 183. Type locality: Sanghir [Indonesia].

  • Epepeotes plorator ssp. sanghiricus Breuning, 1970: 376. Type locality: Sanghir [Indonesia].

Non-type material.

18 specimens. Indonesia (12): Celebes (7 males, 2 female), Borneo (1 male), Macassar (1 female), Koepang (1 female). Country unknown (6): Pascoe collection (6): Macanor (2 males), Mak. (1 female, 3 females).

Comments.

Subspecies E.p.plorator (Newman, 1842) is different from subspecies E.p.celebensis Aurivillius, 1922 and E.p.sanghiricus Breuning, 1938 by the pronotum and vertex mostly black, with three distinct yellow longitudinal stripes, E.p.celebensis Aurivillius, 1922 is distinguished from E.p.sanghiricus Breuning, 1938 by the pronotum and vertex completely covered with pubescence, the elytra seldom with small spots among the four main black spots, while in E.p.sanghiricus Breuning, the pronotum and vertex is decorated with two inconspicuous black longitudinal strips, sometimes reduced to black spots, the elytra usually is dotted with some small and irregular black spots in addition to the main markings.

This subspecies was described twice by Breuning (1938, 1970), the first time as species Epepeotessanghiricus (type in Naturhistorisches Museum Basel, Switzerland) and the second time as subspecies Epepeotesploratorssp.sanghiricus (type in Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France).

. Epepeotes commixtus

(Pascoe, 1859)

C43A786A-9EB5-5F3C-B1D1-2224BFEA9CC5

Fig. 5a, b

Figure 5.

Figure 5.

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Habitus of Epepeotes spp. a, bEpepeotescommixtus (Pascoe, 1859) c–fEpepeotesceramensis (Thomson, 1861) a, b holotype a, c–e male f female.

  • Monohammus commixtus Pascoe, 1859: 42. Type locality: Ceylon [Sri Lanka].

  • Epepeotes commixtus : Breuning 1943: 227.

Type material.

Sri Lanka. Holotype, male: ‘Type [p, label circular, red framed]; Ceylon [h, label circular]; Monohammus / commixtus / Pascoe. [h]; NHMUK014596281 [p]’.

Non-type material.

8 specimens. Sri Lanka (6): Ceylon (1 male, without head, 5 females). Malaysia (1): Sarawak (1 female). Country unknown (1): Bowring–Chevrolat collection (1): locality label not present (1 female).

. Epepeotes ceramensis

(Thomson, 1861)

A6FA6685-AF46-5BC6-9315-A2457B8AEF98

Fig. 5c–f

  • Rhamses ceramensis Thomson, 1861: 361. Type locality: Ceram [Indonesia].

  • Pelargoderus Ceramensis[sic]: Pascoe 1866: 279.

  • Epepeotes ceramensis : Breuning 1943: 148, 226.

Non-type material.

14 specimens. Indonesia (14): Ceram (7 males, 7 females).

Comments.

The light-colored spots on the elytra are variable, from very distinct to nearly invisible (Fig. 5d, e).

. Epepeotes diversus

Pascoe, 1866

82D2D3D1-9856-57B3-BB19-6D6C882F5DB5

Fig. 6a–c

Figure 6.

Figure 6.

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Habitus of Epepeotes spp. a–cEpepeotesdiversus Pascoe, 1866 d–gEpepeoteslugubris (Pascoe, 1866) h–kEpepeotesmeleagris (Pascoe, 1866) f, g holotype of Diocharesimpluviatus Pascoe, 1866 a, b, d, e, j, k holotype a, f, h, j male c, d, i female.

  • Epepeotes diversus Pascoe, 1866: 302. Type locality: Kei [Indonesia].

Type material.

Indonesia. Holotype, male: ‘Type [p, label circular, red framed]; Ké / 3. [h, label circular]; Pascoe / Coll. / 93–60 [p]; diversus [h]; Epepeotes / diversus / Ké Is. Pas [h]; NHMUK014596279 [p]’.

Non-type material.

1 specimen. Indonesia (1): Key [Kei] (1 female).

. Epepeotes lugubris

(Pascoe, 1866)

A5615ECE-C614-56E7-A303-EFABB4164E16

Fig. 6d–g

  • Diochares lugubris Pascoe, 1866: 304. Type locality: Tondano [Indonesia].

  • Diochares impluviatus Pascoe, 1866: 305. Type locality: Tondano [Indonesia].

  • Epepeotes lugubris : Breuning 1943: 230.

Type material.

Indonesia. Holotype, female: ‘Type [p, label circular, red framed]; Tondano [h, label oval, dark green]; Pascoe / Coll. / 93–60 [p]; Diochares / lugubris / Type Pasc. [h] / Diochares / lugubris / Tondano Pasc [h]; NHMUK014596274 [p]’; Indonesia. Holotype of Diocharesimpluviatus Pascoe, 1866, male: ‘Type [p, label circular, red framed]; Tondano [h, label oval, dark green]; Pascoe / Coll. / 93–60 [p]; Diochares / impluviatus / Type Pasc. [h] / Dioc- / hares / impluviatus / Tondano Pasc [h]; NHMUK014596275’.

Non-type material.

1 specimen. Indonesia (1): Celebes (1 female).

. Epepeotes meleagris

(Pascoe, 1866)

A0D24B1B-D0E4-5E01-8E1A-1D36625BC41E

Fig. 6h–k

  • Pelargoderus meleagris Pascoe, 1866: 279. Type locality: Tondano [Indonesia].

  • Epepeotes meleagris : Breuning 1943: 226.

Type material.

Indonesia. Holotype, male: ‘Type [p, label circular, red framed]; Tondano [h, label oval, dark green]; Pascoe / Coll. / 93–60 [p]; Pelargoderus / meleagris / Type Pasc. [h]; NHMUK014596272’.

Non-type material.

10 specimens. Indonesia (8): Celebes (6 males, 2 females). Country unknown (2): ex H. J. Carter (2 males).

Comments.

Dorsal markings of this species are reduced in some male individuals, as in females, with the eyelike black spot on each elytron is without conspicuous posterior pale margins and spots along the suture are uniting into a white line.

. Epepeotes vestigialis vestigialis

Pascoe, 1866

45B3E5DD-A88F-5BD6-AA1A-D94A3E767559

Fig. 7a–c

Figure 7.

Figure 7.

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Habitus of Epepeotes spp. a–cEpepeotesvestigialisvestigialis Pascoe, 1866 d, eEpepeotesschlegelii Lansberge, 1884 f, gEpepeotesuncinatuslineatopunctatus Breuning, 1960 stat. Resurrected h, iEpepeotesuncinatusuncinatus Gahan, 1888, lectotype jEpepeotesuncinatusuncinatus m. salvazai Pic, 1925 a, d, h, j male c, e, f female.

  • Epepeotes vestigialis Pascoe, 1866: 301. Type locality: Sarawak [Malaysia].

Type material.

Malaysia. Holotype, male: ‘Type [p, label circular, red framed]; Sarawak [h, label oval, dark green]; Epepeotes / vestigialis / Type Pasc. [h]; Epepeotes / vestigialis. / Sarawak Pas [h]; NHMUK014596265 [p]’.

Non-type material.

9 specimens. Indonesia (2): Borneo (2 males). Malaysia (5): Sarawak (1 female), Perak (2 males, 1 female), Malay Penin. (1 female). Laos (1): Parkading (1 male). Country unknown (1): Ex. F. M. S. Museum. B.M. 1955–354, locality label unreadable (1 female).

. Epepeotes schlegelii

Lansberge, 1884

71AC7FFF-587F-5ACC-A0E8-F4CCBBD56781

Fig. 7d, e

  • Epepeotes Schlegelii [sic] Lansberge, 1884: 90. Type locality: Sumatra [Indonesia].

  • Epepeotes diversemaculatus Schwarzer, 1927: 60. Type locality: Gunung Singalang [Indonesia].

  • Epepeotes schlegelii : de Jong 1942: 28 (synonymy).

Non-type material.

5 specimens. Indonesia (5): Sumatra (4 males), Sungei Kumbang (1 female)

. Epepeotes uncinatus uncinatus

Gahan, 1888

345994E5-B7FE-5836-AEDB-2B0524DD6F64

Fig. 7h–j

  • Epepeotes uncinatus Gahan, 1888: 271. Type locality: Assam [India].

  • Epepeotes uncinatus v. salvazai Pic, 1925: 18. Type locality: Laos.

  • Pseudopsacothea lineata Pic, 1944: 14. Type locality: Annam [Vietnam].

Type material.

India. Lectotype, male (designated herein): ‘Type [p, label circular, red framed]; Assam / 95·18[h]; Epepeotes / ♂ / uncinatus / (Type) Gahan [h]; NHMUK014596211’.

Non-type material.

47 specimens. India (28): India (1 female); India, Bowring collection (1 male 1 female); India Orient (1 male 1 female); N. India, Bowring collection (1 male); S. India kanara (1 female); Assam (3 males, 7 females); Cachar [Assam] (1 male); Cherra Poonjee [now Cherrapunji], E. I. C. (1 male); Darjeeling (1 male, 1 female); Gopaldhara (2 females); Lebong (1 female); Shilong (1 male, 2 females); Sikkim (1 female). Burma (6): Burma, Fry collection (1 male); Chin Hills (1 male, 1 female); Upper Burma, Nam Tamai Valley, 25. viii. 1938 (2 males, 1 female). Bangladesh (7): Silhet [now Sylhet], Bowring/Chevrolat collection (1 male); Silhet, Bowring collection (1 male, 1 female); Sehet [now Sylhet] (1 male, 1 female); Silhet, E. I. C (1 male); Silhet, Pascoe collection (1 female). Country unknown (6): Bowring–Chevrolat collection (1), locality label not present (1 female); Dharg, Bowring collection (1 male, 1 female); Silcurl (1 male, 1 female); locality label not present (1 female).

Comments.

One syntype was confirmed in the collection. Herein we designated it as the lectotype, which has been labeled with a red-framed circular printed label and a handwritten identification label, both marked with ‘Type’. This species is recorded in Bangladesh for the first time.

. Epepeotes uncinatus lineatopunctatus

Breuning, 1960, stat. resurrected

C99A17ED-23F1-5750-9AD7-4192C57964F0

Fig. 7f, g

  • Epepeotes uncinatus lineatopunctatus Breuning, 1960: 29. Type locality: Travancore [India].

  • Epepeotes uncinatus m. lineatopunctatus Breuning, 1961: 325.

Non-type material.

12 specimens. India (12): Nilgiri Hills (4 males); S. India (1 male, 6 females); Upper Assam (1 male).

Comments.

A female specimen from South India (Fig. 7f, g) was mislabeled with a red-framed circular printed type label in the collection, which represents actually a subspecies of E.uncinatus Gahan, 1888, not the type specimen. Breuning (1960) described the subspecies Epepeotesuncinatuslineatopunctatus, then he (1961) regarded it as a morph of E.uncinatus Gahan. However, this subspecies is distinctly different from the nominate subspecies by the elytron mostly with conspicuous, short, longitudinal black spots, rather than rounded to oblong spots, which are almost united into a long longitudinal strip along the suture, the vertex and pronotum with more expanded median longitudinal strip. On this basis, herein we restore it to subspecies-level status.

. Epepeotes andamanicus

Gahan, 1893

6CCB60DF-70F5-583B-BE92-732CFBE601F4

Fig. 8a–c

Figure 8.

Figure 8.

Open in a new tab

Habitus of Epepeotes spp. a–cEpepeotesandamanicus Gahan, 1893 d–gEpepeotestaeniotinustaeniotinus (Heller, 1924) b, c lectotype a, d, f male b, e, g female.

  • Epepeotes andamanicus Gahan, 1893: 380. Type locality: Andaman Islands [India].

Type material.

India. Lectotype, female (designated herein): ‘Type [p, label circular, red framed]; Andaman. Is. / 61–61. [p]; Epepeotes / andamanicus / Type ♀ Gahan [h]; NHMUK014394970 [p]’.

Non-type material.

8 specimens. India (8): Andaman Islands (2 males, 6 females).

Comments.

One syntype was confirmed in the collection. Herein we designated it as the lectotype (Fig. 8b, c), which has been labeled with a red-framed circular printed label and a handwritten identification label, both marked with ‘Type’.

. Epepeotes taeniotinus taeniotinus

(Heller, 1924)

4ADAF509-EBB1-5D05-93CD-EEDB8FEE4AED

Fig. 8d–g

  • Diochares desertus taeniotinus Heller, 1924: 424. Type locality: Samar [Philippines].

  • Epepeotes taeniotinus : Breuning 1943: 229.

  • Epepeotes taeniotinus taeniotinus : Barševskis 2020: 181.

Non-type material.

27 specimens. Indonesia (18): Maluccas [Moluccas] (2 males, 3 females); Celebes (1 male); Batchian (1 male, 3 females); Ternate (3 males, 3 females); Morty (2 females). Country unknown (9): H.L. Andrewes Bequest. (4): locality label unclear (3 males, 1 female); Pascoe collection (5): Mai (1 female); Gil (1 female); Maki (1 male, 1 female); locality label unreadable (1 female).

Comments.

The pale markings on elytra are variable, ranging from occupying most of the elytra to being almost a narrow X-like stripe.

. Epepeotes strandi

(Breuning, 1935)

F5D5E617-74A7-50BE-8553-56EC44D9F0CF

Fig. 9a–f

Figure 9.

Figure 9.

Open in a new tab

Habitus of Epepeotes spp. a–f types of Epepeotesquadriplagiatus Breuning, 1936 g, h holotype of Epepeotesgardneri Breuning, 1936 i, j holotype of Epepeotesintegripennis Breuning, 1940 a, c, i male e, g female.

  • Pelargoderus strandi Breuning, 1935: 253. Type locality: Andaman [India].

  • Epepeotes quadriplagiatus Breuning, 1936: 296. Type locality: Andaman [India].

  • Epepeotes strandi : Breuning 1943: 148, 226 (synonymy).

Type material.

India. Syntypes of Epepeotesquadriplagiatus Breuning, 1936: one male: ‘Type [p, label circular, red framed]; Andaman Is. [p]; And. Is. [p]; Epepeotes / 4 plagiatus / mihi Typ. [h] / det. Breuning [p]; NHMUK014394973 [p]’; one male: ‘Andaman Is. [p]; And. Is. [p]; Epepeotes / quadriplagiatus / mihi Typ! [h] / det. Breuning [p]; NHMUK014394960 [p]’. India. Paratypes of Epepeotesquadriplagiatus Breuning, 1936: one female: ‘Andaman / Islands. [p]; Atkinson / Coll. / 92–3 [p]; Epepeotes / 4 plagiatus / Breun. Paratyp [h]; NHMUK014394962 [p]’; One male: ‘91–17 [p]; Epepeotes / 4 plagiatus / Breun. Paratyp [h]; NHMUK014394963 [p]’.

Comments.

A total of four type specimens of E.quadriplagiatus are found in the collection, of which two male specimens are marked with ‘Type’ and the others (one male and one female) are marked with ‘Paratype’ by Breuning’s handwriting (Fig. 9b, d, f). Though Breuning (1936) originally designated one male as the type, the two male specimens labeled as ‘type’ by Breuning become de facto syntypes.

. Epepeotes gardneri

Breuning, 1936

2F0F4800-B9A0-5D61-B203-B077F95E4E8D

Fig. 9g, h

  • Epepeotes gardneri Breuning, 1936: 287. Type locality: Andaman [India].

Type material.

India. Holotype, female: ‘Type [p, label circular, red framed]; Andaman Is. [p]; And. Is. [p]; Epepeotes / gardneri / mihi Typ. [h] / det. Breuning [p]; NHMUK014394964 [p]’.

. Epepeotes integripennis

Breuning, 1940

35F99D79-BA34-5837-9727-0ABFF24ABDD0

Fig. 9i, j

  • Epepeotes integripennis Breuning, 1940: 123. Type locality: Kanara [India].

Type material.

India. Holotype, male: ‘Type [p, label circular, red framed]; Kanara [p]; Epepeotes / integripennis / mihi Typ [p] / det. Breuning [p]; NHMUK014596280 [p]’.

Supplementary Material

XML Treatment for Epepeotes desertus desertus
XML Treatment for Epepeotes desertus rhobetor
XML Treatment for Epepeotes desertus obscurus
XML Treatment for Epepeotes luscus luscus
XML Treatment for Epepeotes lateralis
XML Treatment for Epepeotes ambigenus ambigenus
XML Treatment for Epepeotes plorator plorator
XML Treatment for Epepeotes plorator celebensis
XML Treatment for Epepeotes plorator sanghiricus
XML Treatment for Epepeotes commixtus
XML Treatment for Epepeotes ceramensis
XML Treatment for Epepeotes diversus
XML Treatment for Epepeotes lugubris
XML Treatment for Epepeotes meleagris
XML Treatment for Epepeotes vestigialis vestigialis
XML Treatment for Epepeotes schlegelii
XML Treatment for Epepeotes uncinatus uncinatus
XML Treatment for Epepeotes uncinatus lineatopunctatus
XML Treatment for Epepeotes andamanicus
XML Treatment for Epepeotes taeniotinus taeniotinus
XML Treatment for Epepeotes strandi
XML Treatment for Epepeotes gardneri
XML Treatment for Epepeotes integripennis

Acknowledgments

We thank all the collectors who have added their specimens of Epepeotes Pascoe to the collection of the NHM, and all the specialists (named in this paper) who have made descriptions, identifications, or helpful comments on specimens in the collection. Our especial thanks to the Coleoptera curatorial team, past and present, for maintaining and developing the collection and particularly to Michael Geiser and Keita Matsumoto for supporting the first author during his study at the NHM. We are also grateful to the reviewers for their helpful suggestions, and especially to Lech Karpiński, subject editor of ZooKeys, for patiently handling the manuscript.

Citation

Xie G, Barclay MVL, Wang W (2023) The collection of the genus Epepeotes Pascoe, 1866 housed in the Natural History Museum, London (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae). ZooKeys 1184: 19–39. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1184.111728

Funding Statement

The China Scholarship Council

Contributor Information

Maxwell V. L. Barclay, Email: m.barclay@nhm.ac.uk.

Wenkai Wang, Email: wwk@yangtzeu.edu.cn.

Additional information

Conflict of interest

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Ethical statement

No ethical statement was reported.

Funding

This research was supported by the China Scholarship Council (202008420315) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31672327).

Author contributions

Funding acquisition: WW. Writing – original draft: GX. Writing – review and editing: MVLB.

Author ORCIDs

Guanglin Xie https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3273-8985

Maxwell V. L. Barclay https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4989-2014

Wenkai Wang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4482-076X

Data availability

All of the data that support the findings of this study are available in the main text.

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Associated Data

This section collects any data citations, data availability statements, or supplementary materials included in this article.

Supplementary Materials

XML Treatment for Epepeotes desertus desertus
zookeys.1184.111728-treatment1.xml (6.6KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Epepeotes desertus rhobetor
zookeys.1184.111728-treatment2.xml (12KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Epepeotes desertus obscurus
zookeys.1184.111728-treatment3.xml (13.1KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Epepeotes luscus luscus
zookeys.1184.111728-treatment4.xml (16.8KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Epepeotes lateralis
zookeys.1184.111728-treatment5.xml (12.4KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Epepeotes ambigenus ambigenus
zookeys.1184.111728-treatment6.xml (9.4KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Epepeotes plorator plorator
zookeys.1184.111728-treatment7.xml (10.3KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Epepeotes plorator celebensis
zookeys.1184.111728-treatment8.xml (9.1KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Epepeotes plorator sanghiricus
zookeys.1184.111728-treatment9.xml (10.6KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Epepeotes commixtus
zookeys.1184.111728-treatment10.xml (5.9KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Epepeotes ceramensis
zookeys.1184.111728-treatment11.xml (5.8KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Epepeotes diversus
zookeys.1184.111728-treatment12.xml (5.6KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Epepeotes lugubris
zookeys.1184.111728-treatment13.xml (8.1KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Epepeotes meleagris
zookeys.1184.111728-treatment14.xml (6.8KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Epepeotes vestigialis vestigialis
zookeys.1184.111728-treatment15.xml (6.7KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Epepeotes schlegelii
zookeys.1184.111728-treatment16.xml (6.9KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Epepeotes uncinatus uncinatus
zookeys.1184.111728-treatment17.xml (8.4KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Epepeotes uncinatus lineatopunctatus
zookeys.1184.111728-treatment18.xml (8.9KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Epepeotes andamanicus
zookeys.1184.111728-treatment19.xml (5.3KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Epepeotes taeniotinus taeniotinus
zookeys.1184.111728-treatment20.xml (7.4KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Epepeotes strandi
zookeys.1184.111728-treatment21.xml (8.8KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Epepeotes gardneri
zookeys.1184.111728-treatment22.xml (5KB, xml)
XML Treatment for Epepeotes integripennis
zookeys.1184.111728-treatment23.xml (5KB, xml)

Data Availability Statement

All of the data that support the findings of this study are available in the main text.

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