Table 3:
Association of sociodemographic and healthcare access factors with lack of hypertension awareness and not treated with antihypertensive medication among US adults with uncontrolled blood pressure, NHANES 2015–2018.
| Characteristics | Hypertension awareness Unaware versus aware | Not treated versus treated with antihypertensive medication |
|---|---|---|
| Prevalence ratio* (95% CI) | Prevalence ratio* (95% CI) | |
| Sociodemographic factors | ||
| Age group in years | ||
| 18 to 39 | 1.49 (1.11–1.99) | 5.72 (3.23–10.13) |
| 40 to 49 | 1.34 (0.93–1.92) | 5.56 (2.69–11.49) |
| 50 to 59 | 1.21 (0.81–1.81) | 4.92 (2.56–9.45) |
| 60 to 69 | 1.19 (0.83–1.73) | 2.64 (1.17–5.98) |
| ≥70 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| Sex | ||
| Female | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| Male | 0.98 (0.81–1.19) | 1.12 (0.80–1.57) |
| Race/ethnicity | ||
| Non-Hispanic White | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 0.79 (0.63–1.00) | 0.70 (0.54–0.91) |
| Hispanic | 1.10 (0.90–1.34) | 0.72 (0.54–0.96) |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | 0.98 (0.75–1.29) | 0.84 (0.63–1.13) |
| Marital status | ||
| Never married | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| Married/Living with partner | 0.85 (70–1.02) | 0.87 (0.65–1.16) |
| Divorced/Separated/Widowed | 0.81 (0.63–1.04) | 1.00 (0.65–1.53) |
| Education level | ||
| <High school | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| High-school/ some college | 1.07 (0.82–1.39) | 0.89 (0.63–1.26) |
| College graduate | 1.37 (1.03–1.83) | 1.15 (0.68–1.93) |
| Annual household income | ||
| <$20,000 | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| $20,000 to <$45,000 | 0.89 (0.68–1.16) | 1.17 (0.83–1.64) |
| $45,000 to <$75,000 | 0.95 (0.68–1.34) | 0.92 (0.60–1.40) |
| ≥$75,000 | 1.01 (0.74–1.39) | 1.39 (0.96–2.02) |
| Employed | ||
| No | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| Yes | 1.05 (0.79–1.39) | 0.91 (0.67–1.24) |
| Healthcare access | ||
| Insurance type | ||
| None | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| Private | 1.27 (0.87–1.85) | 0.84 (0.60–1.17) |
| Government | 1.00 (0.69–1.44) | 0.94 (0.68–1.31) |
| Usual healthcare facility | ||
| No | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| Yes | 0.88 (0.71–1.10) | 0.69 (0.51–0.94) |
| Had health care visit in past year | ||
| No | 1 (ref) | 1 (ref) |
| Yes | 0.61 (0.48–0.77) | 0.46 (0.35–0.61) |
The bold font indicates statistically significant results with p value <0.05.
*
Prevalence ratios were estimated from models that included age, sex, race/ethnicity, marital status, education level, annual household income, employment status, insurance type, usual healthcare facility and having a healthcare visit in past year.
NHANES: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey; CI: confidence interval.
Uncontrolled blood pressure was defined by systolic blood pressure ≥140 or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg.