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American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias logoLink to American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias
. 2009 Apr-May;24(2):95–121. doi: 10.1177/1533317508328602

Reviews: Current Concepts in Alzheimer's Disease: A Multidisciplinary Review

Ludovico Minati 1, Trudi Edginton 2, Maria Grazia Bruzzone 3, Giorgio Giaccone 4
PMCID: PMC10846154  PMID: 19116299

Abstract

This comprehensive, pedagogically-oriented review is aimed at a heterogeneous audience representative of the allied disciplines involved in research and patient care. After a foreword on epidemiology, genetics, and risk factors, the amyloid cascade model is introduced and the main neuropathological hallmarks are discussed. The progression of memory, language, visual processing, executive, attentional, and praxis deficits, and of behavioral symptoms is presented. After a summary on neuropsychological assessment, emerging biomarkers from cerebrospinal fluid assays, magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear medicine, and electrophysiology are discussed. Existing treatments are briefly reviewed, followed by an introduction to emerging disease-modifying therapies such as secretase modulators, inhibitors of Abeta aggregation, immunotherapy, inhibitors of tau protein phosphorylation, and delivery of nerve growth factor.

Keywords: Alzheimer's disease, neuropathology, neuropsychological testing, neuroimaging, pharmacotherapy

Full Text

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Contributor Information

Ludovico Minati, Science Direction, unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Neurologico "Carlo Besta", Milano, Italy, Neuroradiology, unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Neurologico "Carlo Besta", Milano, Italy, lminati@istituto-besta.it .

Trudi Edginton, Cognitive Science Research Unit University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom.

Maria Grazia Bruzzone, Neuroradiology, unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Neurologico "Carlo Besta", Milano, Italy.

Giorgio Giaccone, Neuropathology, unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Neurologico "Carlo Besta", Milano, Italy.

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