Abstract
There is growing evidence that healthy behaviors may promote cognitive health. The behaviors include physical activity, heart-healthy diets, and social engagement. Popular print media helps disseminate health information. This study examines the content focused on cognitive health in 5 top—circulating magazines marketed to older people in the United States. All pages (29 881 pages) of each magazine published in 2006 and 2007 were searched. There were 84 articles on cognitive health. Few were by health or science writers. Of the 58 articles on prevention, the contents focused primarily on diet and multiple behaviors, with less on physical activity or social engagement. Less than 20% provided resources to help readers obtain further information. Articles focused on physical activity, with information directing readers to credible resources, and by writers with health or science backgrounds, could enhance the quality of cognitive health communication in popular media.
Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease, cognitive health, dementia, health communication, health behaviors, popular media
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (209.4 KB).
Contributor Information
Anna E. Mathews, Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, AnnaEMathews@gmail.com .
Sarah B. Laditka, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, North Carolina.
James N. Laditka, Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, North Carolina.
Daniela B. Friedman, Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina.
References
- Connell CM, Scott Roberts J., McLaughlin SJ Public opinion about Alzheimer’s disease among blacks, hispanics, and whites: results from a national survey. Alzheimer’s Dis Assoc Disord. 2007;21(3):232-240. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Desai AK, Grossberg GT, Sheth DN Activities of daily living in patients with dementia: Clinical relevance, methods of assessment, and effects of treatment. CNS Drugs . 2004;18(13):853-875. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Alzheimer’s Association. 2008. Alzheimer’s Disease Facts and Figures. Chicago, IL: : Alzheimer’s Association; 2008. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Colcombe SJ, Kramer AF Fitness effects on the cognitive function of older adults: a meta-analytic study. Psychol Sci. 2003;14(2):125-130. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Colcombe SJ, Erickson KI, Raz N., et al. Aerobic fitness reduces brain tissue loss in aging humans. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2003;58(2):176-180. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Cotman CW, Berchtold NC Exercise: a behavioral intervention to enhance brain health and plasticity . Trends Neurosci. 2002;25(6):295-301. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hendrie HC, Albert MS, Butters MA, Gao S., Knopman DS, Launer LJ. The NIH Cognitive & Emotional Health Project: report of the Critical Evaluation Study Committee. Alzheimers Dement. 2006;21(1): 12-32. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Patterson C. , Feightner JW, Garcia A., Hsiung GY, MacKnight C., Sadovnick AD Diagnosis and treatment of dementia: risk assessment and primary prevention of Alzheimer’s disease. Can Med Assoc J. 2008;178(5): 548-556. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Albert MS, Brown DR, Buchner D., Laditka JN, Launer LJ, Scherr P. The healthy brain and our aging population: translating science to public health practice. Alzheimers Dement. 2007;3(2):S3-S5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Alzheimer’s Association. The healthy brain initiative: A National Public Health Road Map to Maintaining Cognitive Health. Chicago, IL: Alzheimer’s Association; 2007. [Google Scholar]
- Laditka SB, Corwin SJ, Laditka JN, et al. Attitudes about aging well among a diverse group of older Americans: implications for promoting cognitive health. Gerontologist . In press. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bryant LL, Laditka JN, Laditka SB, Mathews AE Characteristics of the Healthy Brain sample: Representing diversity among study participants. Gerontologist. In press. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Friedman DB , Laditka JN, Hunter R., et al. Getting the message out about brain health: a cross cultural comparison of older adults’ media awareness and communication needs on how to maintain a healthy brain. Gerontologist. In press. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wilcox S., Sharkey J., Mathews AE, et al. Perceptions and beliefs about the role of physical activity and nutrition on brain health in older adults. Gerontologist . In press. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Laditka JN, Beard RL, Bryant LL, et al. Promoting cognitive health: a formative research collaboration of the Healthy Aging Research Network. Gerontologist. In press. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Laditka SB, Corwin SJ, Laditka JN, et al. Methods and management of the healthy brain study, a large multi-site qualitative research project. Gerontologist. In press. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Healthy People 2010: Understanding and Improving Health. 2nd ed. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office; 2000. [Google Scholar]
- Dutta-Bergman MJ Primary sources of health information: comparisons in the domain of health attitudes, health cognitions, and health behaviors . Health Commun. 2004;16(3):273-288. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Clarke JN, Binns J. The portrayal of heart disease in mass print magazines, 1991-2001. Health Commun. 2006;19(1):39-48. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Clarke JN The case of the missing person: Alzheimer’s disease in mass print magazines 1991-2001. Health Commun. 2006;19(3):269-276. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Friedman DB, Laditka SB, Laditka JN, Mathews AE Brain health in the media: an exploratory analysis of health promotion in popular magazines. Paper presented at: American Public Health Association annual meeting, 2008; San Diego, CA. [Google Scholar]
- US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , The Merck Company Foundation. The State of Aging and Health in American 2007. http://www.cdc.gov/agingandhttp://www.merck.com/cr . Accessed April 15, 2008. [Google Scholar]
- Noar SM A 10-year retrospective of research in health mass media campaigns: where do we go from here? J Health Commun. 2006;11(1):21-42. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Project for Excellence in Journalism. The state of the news media 2008: an annual report on American journalism . http://www.stateofthenewsmedia.org/2008/narrative_overview_audience.php?cat=3&media=1 . Accessed January 7, 2009. [Google Scholar]
- Friedman DB , Hoffman-Goetz L. Cancer coverage in North American publications targeting seniors. J Cancer Educ. 2003;18(1):43-47. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gupta S. Why I. would vote no on pot. Time. 2006;98. [Google Scholar]
- Redford G. 9 healing foods. AARP The Magazine. 2006;35-38,73. [Google Scholar]
- Nakazawa D. Living longer diet. AARP The Magazine. 2006:56-59. [Google Scholar]
- Westcott S. Plant power. AARP The Magazine . 2006;28, 32-33. [Google Scholar]
- Enright E. David Hyde Pierce: Spotlighting Alzheimer’s. AARP The Magazine. 2007;47. [Google Scholar]
- Woodham C. Funny business. AARP The Magazine. 2007;13. [Google Scholar]
- Small G. Brain blitz. AARP The Magazine. 2006;17. [Google Scholar]
- Redford G. 9 reasons to start a fitness plan. AARP The Magazine. 2006;28,30-31. [Google Scholar]
- Crandell S. Living longer exercise. AARP The Magazine. 2006;60-62,64. [Google Scholar]
- Crute S. Caring for the caregiver. AARP The Magazine. 2007;62-66, 68-69. [Google Scholar]
- Luchsinger J. , Noble J., Scarmeas N. Diet and Alzheimer’s disease. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2007;7(5):366-372. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Grodstein F. Cardiovascular risk factors and cognitive function. Alzheimers Dement. 2007;3(2):S216-S222. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Peterson RC, Thomas RG, Grundman M., et al. Vitamin E and donepezil for the treatment of mild cognitive impairment. N Engl J Med. 2005;352(23):2379-2388. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- DeKosky ST, Williamson JD, Fitzpatrick AL, et al. Ginkgo biloba for prevention of dementia. JAMA . 2008;300(19):2253-2262. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Malouf M., Grimley EJ, Areosa SA Folic acid with or without vitamin B12 for cognition and dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;(4):CD004514. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Friedman DB , Hoffman-Goetz L., Arocha J. Health literacy and the World Wide Web: Comparing the readability of leading incident cancers on the Internet. Med Inform Internet Med. 2006;31(1):67-87. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Fratiglioni L., Wang HX, Ericsson K., Maytan M., Winblad B. Influence of social networks on occurrence of dementia: a community-based longitudinal study. Lancet . 2000;355(9212):1315-1319. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Wang HX, Karp A., Winblad B., Fratiglioni L. Late-life engagement in social and leisure activities is associated with a decreased risk of dementia: a longitudinal study from the kungsholmen project . Am J Epidemiol. 2002;155(12):1081-1087. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Phelan EA, La Croix AZ, Larson EB Older adults’ views of ‘‘successful aging’’-how do they compare with researcher’s definitions? J Am Geriatr Soc. 2004;52(2): 211-216. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tate RB, Lah L., Cuddy TE Definition of successful aging by elderly Canadian males: the Manitoba follow-up study. Gerontologist. 2003;43(5):735-744. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]