Table 1.

Food allergies and intolerances.

Condition		Mechanism	Common Causative Foods or Substances	References
Food allergy		Reactions mediated by the immune system	Milk, eggs, peanuts, fish, shellfish, plant-based food	[9]
Food intolerance	Enzyme deficiency	Inability to metabolize determined substances present in food	Lactose, fructose, trehalose, sucrose, sorbitol	[13,14]
	Pharmacological intolerance	Direct: caused by chemical substances naturally present in food Indirect: caused by the release of mediators from cells induced by certain foods	Foods rich in histamine (fermented cheeses, salami, oily fish, spinach, tomatoes), methylxanthines (coffee, chocolate, tea, cola), phenylethylamine (cheese, red wine), tyramine (potatoes, cabbage, tuna)	[13,14]
	Indefinite intolerance	Exact mechanism unknown	Food additives (preservatives, dyes, sweeteners, antioxidants), processed foods (canned meat products, syrups, fruit juices)	[13,14]