Effects of NMN on the regulatory signals of HDPCs. (A) The contents of VEGF expression in HDPCs. (B,C) The related expression of β-catenin/Wnt signaling pathway. (D) Expression of biomarkers for DHT induced hair loss. (E,F) Content of inflammatory factors IL-6 and IL-1. Dexamethasone was used as a positive control for inflammatory factors such as IL-6 and IL-1β. Minoxidil was used as a positive control for VEGF, DKK1, AR β-catenin gene. Statistical analysis was conducted using the t-test, with the BC groups as the reference. Significance levels are expressed as: p-value < 0.01 as ##. When compared with the NC groups, significance levels are expressed as: p-value < 0.01 as **.