1Global Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
2b.geos GmbH, Industriestrasse 1A, 2100 Korneuburg, Austria
3Austrian Polar Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
4Earth System Modelling, School of Engineering & Design, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
5Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany
6National Research Council of Italy, ISMAR-Lerici, Forte Santa Teresa, Loc. Pozzuolo, 19032 Lerici (SP), Italy
7Future Earth Secretariat, Stockholm, Sweden
8European Space Agency, ECSAT, Harwell, Oxfordshire, UK
9Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Oslo, Norway
10NASA Goddard Space Flight Centre, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
11Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle, UK
12Institute of Geosciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
13University of Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, EPOC, UMR 5805, 33600 Pessac, France
© The Author(s) 2024
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.