Abstract
Background
The patterns of richness, diversity, and abundance of an odonate assemblage from San Buenaventura, Jalisco are presented here. A total of 1087 specimens from seven families, 35 genera and 66 species were obtained through monthly samplings of five days each during a period of one year. Libellulidae was the most diverse family (28 species), followed by Coenagrionidae (21), Gomphidae (7), Aeshnidae (6), Calopterygidae (2), Lestidae (1) and Platystictidae (1). Argia was the most speciose genus. The highest species richness and Shannon diversity were found during August and September, whereas the highest abundance was observed in June and the highest Simpson diversity was recorded in September — all of which were associated with the rainy season. The highest values of phylogenetic diversity were found from June to October. The different diversity facets of this assemblage were positively correlated with precipitation and minimum temperature, whereas maximum temperature showed no influence. In addition, we found that this odonate diversity was higher than most Mexican localities with tropical dry forest (TDF) studied.
New information
We continue our efforts to describe the patterns of richness, diversity and abundance of some insect groups associated with the tropical dry forest ecosystem in Mexico, following a latitudinal gradient of the distribution of this ecosystem in the country. Our emphasis here was to evaluate the spatial and temporal patterns of richness and diversity of an Odonata assemblage from Jalisco, Mexico.
Keywords: richness, temporal diversity, phylogenetic diversity, abundance, Odonata assemblage, tropical dry forest
Introduction
This study continues our efforts to describe the patterns of richness, diversity and abundance of some insect groups associated to the tropical dry forest in Mexico (e.g.Noguera et al. 2002, Zaragoza–Caballero et al. 2003, Noguera et al. 2007, González-Soriano et al. 2008, González-Soriano et al. 2009, González-Soriano et al. 2021). Tropical dry forests (abbreviated hereinafter as TDFs) are defined as forests with pronounced seasonality in rainfall distribution, resulting in several months of drought (Mooney et al. 1995). TDFs are highly diverse ecosystems that harbour a large number of endemic species not found in any other ecosystem in the world. These forests also face an intense pressure due to deforestation and the conversion of original lands into lands for agriculture and cattle raising, specially in Latin America (Sánchez‐Azofeifa et al. 2005, DRYFLOR et al. 2016). In Mexico, the extension of TDFs has been dramatically diminishing over several years ago at an amazing rate (Miles et al. 2006). To protect and conserve these rich ecosystems is an urgent issue, by means of the study of their biodiversity before it disappears. For this and other reasons, we — a group of entomologists from the Institute of Biology at the National Autonomous University of Mexico — started a project since 1997, with the aim of identifying the spatial and temporal patterns of richness and diversity of selected groups of insects through a latitudinal gradient of the distribution of this ecosystem in Mexico. Previous studies have been performed at several sites along the Pacific Mexican Coast and at some sites at south Central Mexico (e.g. Noguera et al. 2002, Zaragoza–Caballero et al. 2003, Noguera et al. 2007, González-Soriano et al. 2008, González-Soriano et al. 2009, Noguera et al. 2009, Noguera Martínez et al. 2012, Noguera et al. 2017). Here, we present the results of a faunistic study made during 1996-1997 at one of these sites: San Buenaventura, Jalisco, in central-western Mexico.
Materials and methods
Study site
San Buenaventura (from here on SBV) is located on the eastern slope of the Sierra de Cacoma-Sierra de Manantlan, Jalisco, Mexico (latitude 19°45'19'', 19°48'50'' N and longitude -104°01'25'', -104°08'25'' W; Fig. 1). The climate is warm sub-humid type according to the Köeppen climate classification modified by García (1988). The average annual precipitation from the nearest weather station Presa Basilio Vadillo (Comisión Nacional del Agua and Servicio Metereológico Nacional 2023) was 747 mm, while the average air temperature was 23.8°C, with average maximum and minimum temperatures of 31.9°C and 15.8°C respectively. The highest temperature during the study period was recorded in May and the lowest in January (Fig. 2). The dominant vegetation in the area is TDF. The dominant tree species are Lysilomaacapulcense (Kunth) Benth (Fabaceae), L.divaricatum (Jacq.) J.F.Macbr, Jacaratiamexicana A. DC. (Caricaceae), Amphipterygiumadstringens (Schltdl.) Standl. (Anacardiaceae), Entadapolystachya (L.) DC. (Fabaceae), Ceibaaesculifolia (Kunth) Britten & Baker f. (Malvaceae), Senegaliamacilenta (Rose) Britton & Rose (Fabaceae), Vitexmollis Kunth (Lamiaceae), Ipomoeabracteata Cav. (Convolvulaceae), Bursera spp. (Burseraceae) and Cochlospermumvitifolium (Willd.) Spreng. (Bixaceae) (Jardel 1992). A gallery forest, characterised by trees taller than those of the TDF, extends along streams and narrow canyons. Flat areas in the zone have been open to agriculture and hillsides are used as grazing areas for cows and goats, which has resulted in the near disappearance of the native understorey.
Figure 1.
Sampling localities of Odonata species in San Buenaventura, Jalisco, Mexico. Entomological samplings were performed from 1996-1997. Imagery 2015, INEGI Maxar Technologies CNES/Airbus. Downloaded August 2023.
Figure 2.
Monthly variation of rainfall and temperature in San Buenaventura, Jalisco during 1996-1997.
Sampling methods and regimes
The study area is located within the Ayuquila-Armeria River Basin and, more specifically within the Tuxcacuesco River and Ayuquila sub-basins (Guevara Gutiérrez et al. 2019, Rodríguez-Contreras et al. 2019). Sampling collections were done around three main localities: SBV town, Los Yesos and Amacuahutitlán, and only occasionally at Las Higueras (see Table 1, Fig. 1).
Table 1.
San Buenaventura, Jalisco localities where odonate sampling collection was performed (1996-1997).
| Sampling locality | Municipality | Coordinates |
| San Buenaventura, town | El Limón | 19.79357°N, -104.0554°W |
| Los Yesos, El Limón | El Limón | 19.7511°N, -104.0592°W |
| Las Higueras, Ejidal pools | El Limón | 19.80578°N, -104.02077°W |
| Amacuahutitlán | Tonaya | 19.81593°N, -104.1374°W |
The SBV samplings were made along the margins of the Ferreria River, a permanent river that crosses the town. Samplings in Amacuahutitlán and Los Yesos were done at small open streams and finally, at the site of Las Higueras consisting of a small, mostly shaded, spring-fed shallow stream with abundant aquatic plants on its surface (Fig. 3). Most collecting sites belong to the Municipality of El Limón, except for Amacuahutitlán, which is located within the Municipality of Tonaya (see Table 1).
Figure 3.
Habitats and Odonata species from four localities in San Buenaventura, Jalisco, Mexico; a, b microhabitat of Anisagrionallopterum; c Dythemismaya; d Neoneuraamelia; e Gynacanthahelenga; f Archilestesgrandis; g Progomphusclendoni. Photos: a, b, César Durán; c, f, g Enrique González Soriano; d, Enrique Ramírez; e, Eric Hough (Naturalista).
Fieldwork in SBV was always conducted by two people between November 1996 and October 1997. Collections were carried out for a period of five days every month. Specimens were obtained through direct collecting, between 09:00 h and 15:00 h (10:00 h-16:00 h in the daylight-saving time).
All the Odonata records collected in SBV, Jalisco, Mexico for this work were included in the GBIF dataset Digitization and Systematization of the National Biological Collections of the Institute of Biology, UNAM from the National Autonomous University of Mexico (Sánchez Cordero Dávila 2023). Data on the phenology and the number of specimens collected (between parentheses) were added in the Odonata species list (Results section); additional information can be consulted in the Supplementary materials and photographs of some species in Fig. 3.
Diversity analysis
The diversity of the SBV odonate assemblage was analysed through different metrics of species and phylogenetic diversities. We first quantified:
(a) abundance, measured as the number of specimens collected through a species rank abundance curve;
(b) species richness, as the number of species observed (diversity order 0, 0D);
(c) Shannon diversity, which corresponds to the exponential of the Shannon Index (diversity order 1, 1D); and
(d) Simpson diversity, which corresponds to the inverse of the Simpson Index (diversity order 2, 2D) (Jost 2006, Chao et al. 2014).
The measurement unit for 1D and 2D is the number of effective species, also referred to as Hill numbers, in such a way that 1D indicates the effective number of equally abundant species within an assemblage and 2D showed the effective number of the most abundant or most dominant equally abundant species.
We then calculated the maximum expected richness value of diversity for 0D, 1D and 2D to compare those values with our observed sample. We used the Spade R package (Chao et al. 2015) to compute the non-parametric abundance-based Chao 1-bias corrected estimator and the estimators proposed by Magurran for 0D, 1D and 2D, respectively (Magurran 1988, Chao 2005, Chao et al. 2013). We also calculated a cumulative species curve for the whole Odonata assemblage from SBV, through the interpolation-extrapolation method proposed by Chao et al. (2014) for 0D, 1D and 2D and using the iNEXT R package (Hsieh et al. 2016).
In addition, we evaluated monthly abundance, 0D, 1D, and 2D to analyse temporal diversity patterns in the Odonata assemblage. In addition, we analysed temporal phylogenetic diversity through the taxonomic diversity (Δ) and taxonomic distinctness (Δ*) indices, which are based on the abundance and the average taxonomic distinctness (Δ+) index, based on species incidence (Warwick and Clarke 1995, Clarke and Warwick 2001). Taxonomic diversity and taxonomic distinctness analyse phylogenetic divergence amongst species within communities or assemblages according to their topological organisation, i.e. the phylogenetic relationships amongst taxa and their taxonomic hierarchy; these measures calculate how closely related the specimens (Δ) or the species within the assemblage are (Δ*) or how evenly distributed their evolutionary paths are through the taxonomic hierarchy (Δ+) (Clarke and Warwick 1998, Clarke and Warwick 2001). Since the most recent odonate phylogenies do not include all taxa within the order (e.g. Bybee et al. (2021)), we used the hierarchical classification above species-level as a proxy to calculate taxonomic distances amongst taxa using diferent phylogenetic diversity metrics (Clarke and Warwick 2001; Tucker et al. 2016). In particular, the phylogenetic hypothesis of Bybee et al. (2021) for suprafamily levels and Dijkstra et al. (2014) and Carle et al. (2015) for suprageneric levels of Anisoptera and Zygoptera suborders, respectively were used for this purpose. We included seven taxonomic levels to evaluate monthly phylogenetic divergence within the SBV odonate assemblage: order, suborder, superfamily, subfamily, tribe, genus and species. Phylogenetic divergence was calculated through the taxondive and taxa2dist functions of the Vegan R package (Oksanen et al. 2015).
Relationship between odonate diversity and abiotic factors
To analyse whether species and phylogenetic diversity of the SBV odonate assemblage are related to abiotic factors, we performed Pearson’s correlation analyses between monthly species diversity (abundance, 0D, 1D and 2D), monthly phylogenetic diversity (Δ, Δ*, Δ+) and monthly mean rainfall and temperature documented in SBV, Jalisco during the sampling time. Values of precipitation and temperature were obtained from the closest weather station (Presa Basilio Vadillo) through the National Meteorological System (Comisión Nacional del Agua and Servicio Metereológico Nacional 2023). We found a positive correlation between temperature and precipitation. Pearson’s correlation analyses were done in Past software (Hammer et al. 2001). In addition, we generated a heatmap using the pheatmap R package (Warnes et al. 2012) to display the presence and abundance that each odonate species showed monthly. Monthly diversity and phylogenetic divergence analyses allowed us to evaluate how the species diversity and the taxonomic assemblage structure were related to monthly changes of temperature and humidity. In other words, those analyses allowed us to evaluate how the abiotic factors can be associated with the temporal structure of the Odonata community of the TDF.
Checklists
List of Odonata species registered from San Buenaventura, Jalisco, Mexico
Archilestes grandis
(Rambur, 1842)
297139C6-D11D-503C-B9F1-7EAA5319E5E3
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Amacuahutitlan, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Aug (2), Sep (3), Oct (4).
Palaemnema domina
Calvert, 1903
93BED9E6-2A5A-538F-BD90-84CF7F27A024
Distribution
Las Higueras, Los Yesos, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Sep (2).
Hetaerina americana
(Fabricius, 1798)
3BFA7694-EB48-5161-A2CB-05D42B5D4C92
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Amacuahutitlan, Las Higueras, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Nov (2), Dec (18), Jan (7), Feb (13), Mar (22), Apr (4), May (2), Jun (61), Jul (1), Aug (5), Sept (6), Oct (8).
Hetaerina capitalis
Sélys 1873
744C2893-22E4-5FD5-A4FB-E0CC17A510BF
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Jul (1)
Anisagrion allopterum
Sélys, 1876
6A3140CE-D21A-579E-BBFB-DCD3FB618512
Distribution
Las Higueras, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Aug (3), Sept (1)
Apanisagrion lais
(Brauer in Sélys, 1876)
33552AA9-2953-530E-AF8B-0486612CB940
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Amacuahutitlan, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Jan (3), Mar (1), Apr (2), Jul (1), Sept (1), Oct (1)
Argia anceps
Garrison, 1996
FE547AB6-7714-5AC4-9514-AFB3784DD109
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Amacuahutitlan, Las Higueras, Los Yesos, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Dec (3), Jan (1), Feb (1), Apr (1), May (3), Jun (8), Jul (4), Aug (6), Sept (10), Oct (1).
Argia carlcooki
Daigle, 1995
340E77B5-2E50-5453-881F-3FF9F7B7F6F7
Distribution
Amacuahutitlan, Las Higueras, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Mar (3), Apr (1), Jun (1), Aug (4), Sept (1), Oct (1)
Argia extranea
(Hagen, 1861)
1E41F6E7-639A-5310-A5EA-B557C637F259
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Amacuahutitlan, Las Higueras, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Feb (13), Mar (2), Apr (10), May (1), Jun (11), Aug (7), Sept (6), Oct (9)
Argia harknessi
Calvert, 1899
38C142BD-3B27-5A25-9016-6470739D1001
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Las Higueras, Los Yesos, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Nov (1), Dec (3), Jan (6), Feb (10), Mar (7), Apr (2), Jun (7), Jul (1), Aug (1), Sep (5), Oct (1)
Argia mayi
González-Soriano, 2012
9F7F8CF3-E836-51A2-A450-26629BC4EDE1
Distribution
Las Higueras, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Aug (5)
Argia oculata
Hagen in Sélys, 1865
EC0049E7-3F01-590F-8A07-64BBA8C19560
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Amacuahutitlan, Los Yesos, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Feb (1), Mar (1), Apr (2), Jun (1), Aug (1), Sept (3)
Argia oenea
Hagen in Sélys, 1865
325C52DB-D7A9-5124-8504-0FD27EB229C8
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Amacuahutitlan, Los Yesos, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Dec (2), Jan (1), Aug (1)
Argia pallens
Calvert, 1902
E6256684-8D89-5F21-A890-DDD3963CEDD2
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Amacuahutitlan, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Mar (2), Apr (1), Jun (3), Sep (3)
Argia pulla
Hagen in Sélys, 1865
356C16A5-2068-52E0-A750-4CAB7065EA6A
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Amacuahutitlan, Las Higueras, Los Yesos, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Dec (3), Jan (3), Feb (11), Mar (12), Apr (8), May (1), Jun (12), Aug (6), Sep (3), Oct (9)
Argia tezpi
Calvert, 1902
9CD6F0DB-5B78-5A2E-AC08-A6A65FA27D83
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Las Higueras, Los Yesos, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Dec (3), Jan (3), Feb (5), Mar (5), May (1), Jun (5), Jul (2), Aug (1), Sep (3), Oct (1)
Enallagma civile
(Hagen, 1861)
116A8C2E-6A3A-5523-86AE-30745A9F62E8
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Los Yesos, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Dec (2), Apr (2)
Enallagma novaehispaniae
Calvert, 1907
91008167-F49E-53AF-8587-300E1B19CDE9
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Nov (2), Dec (6), Jan (5), Feb (8), Mar (4), Apr (5), Jun (13), Aug (1), Sep (4), Oct (1)
Enallagma semicirculare
Sélys, 1876
971C83A5-DCEA-5921-B4AE-D53F25CDBB03
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Dec (2), Feb (3), Apr (6)
Ischnura hastata
(Say, 1840)
3C242BF1-96D0-5215-A45B-046BC0342818
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Amacuahutitlan, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Dec (2), Feb (2), Mar (4), Apr (6), May (3), Jun (4).
Ischnura ramburii
(Sélys, 1850)
DE599C3F-E26E-5C38-B8E2-507A341E4AA8
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Amacuahutitlan, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Mar (1), Apr (4)
Neoneura amelia
Calvert, 1903
28BBD4A6-6E16-5DF4-B249-D0A14B649964
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Amacuahutitlan, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Dec (1), Jun (1), Jul (2), Sep (2), Oct (6)
Protoneura cara
Calvert, 1903
83F36F35-6BE5-5296-9D56-10C5681F1A89
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Amacuahutitlan, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Nov (1), Dec (2), Feb (7), Mar (3), May (1), June (2), Jul (2), Sep (4), Oct (6)
Telebasis levis
Garrison, 2009
92621B43-DA6D-5783-B8B3-92A357DF5AEE
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Jun (7)
Telebasis salva
(Hagen, 1861)
6840812B-E2F3-5DB6-9909-E39C57599A1A
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Amacuahutitlan, Las Higueras, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Nov (1), Dec (5), Jan (3), Feb (7), Mar (5), Apr (2), May (2), Jun (7), Jul (2), Aug (2), Sep (1), Oct (2)
Anax junius
(Drury, 1773)
7168C040-CAEB-57F8-8999-2AFA6FE7DDDD
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Aug (1)
Gynacantha helenga
Williamson & Williamson, 1930
612FF82A-49F3-52AD-891E-07C3FA1E4135
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Apr (1)
Remartinia luteipennis
(Burmeister, 1839)
AFC06648-741E-5996-84FC-BAA38FF51B51
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Jun (1), Sep (2)
Remartinia secreta
(Calvert, 1952)
5A3118E4-5ABB-5296-AC44-8DA54525B766
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Las Higueras, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Jul (1), Aug (1), Sept (1)
Rhionaeschna multicolor
(Hagen, 1861)
916B6FD8-F8B8-58A6-9815-BD81390670F4
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: May (1), Jun (1)
Rhionaeschna psilus
(Calvert, 1947)
56432FCC-B485-5AF1-AA92-5C12801B0DFF
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Amacuahutitlan, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Feb (2), Sep (1)
Aphylla protracta
(Hagen in Sélys, 1859)
A2A67CF5-E661-5419-9E32-FD55BB641C13
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Aug (3)
Erpetogomphus elaps
Sélys, 1858
D1C87F1C-5CA9-59D8-9E83-BDE0696C742F
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Amacuahutitlan, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Jul (1), Aug (1), Sep (9), Oct (2)
Phyllocycla elongata
(Sélys, 1858)
4D24F8D9-5A49-5BAD-9ACB-B182643DDE6B
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Amacuahutitlan, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Aug (5), Sep (1), Oct (1)
Phyllogomphoides luisi
González y Novelo, 1990
B62D773A-0843-5D78-9B1E-9F39379B06F5
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Amacuahutitlan, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Aug (1), Sep (5), Oct (1)
Phyllogomphoides pacificus
(Sélys, 1873)
6E99578B-8C6A-50FA-B067-C4EAA47F7025
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Amacuahutitlan, Las Higueras, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Jun (1), Jul (3), Aug (26), Sep (10), Oct (11)
Progomphus belyshevi
Belle, 1991
3F01FB03-4902-5FC4-BE3D-19925060C7C9
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Aug (1)
Progomphus clendoni
Calvert, 1905
D81D524B-8B03-5AE1-B536-160E00093C0A
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Jun (1), Aug (1), Sep (3)
Brechmorhoga praecox
(Hagen, 1861)
229625DB-3250-5432-8E1D-A51BC4DC6076
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Amacuahutitlan, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Feb (1), Aug (2)
Cannaphila insularis
Kirby,1889
277464BE-9F06-5CFE-BB28-D4D55364A92F
Distribution
Las Higueras, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Aug (4), Sep (4)
Dythemis maya
Calvert, 1906
B266A5CB-A944-57E4-A01A-AF30D0F9E64D
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Amacuahutitlan, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Aug (2), Sep (6), Oct (2)
Dythemis nigrescens
Calvert, 1899
60512A37-51BE-516F-B477-B8E3EFE52A4A
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Amacuahutitlan, Las Higueras, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Dec (2), Jan (2), May (3), Jun (1), Jul (2), Aug (4), Sep (2), Oct (6)
Dythemis sterilis
Hagen, 1861
2D630FC4-FB98-5FC3-9F92-75E90AC9EC52
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Amacuahutitlan, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Dec (6), Jan (2), Feb (1), Mar (1), Apr (2), Jun (2), Jul (2), Aug (2), Sep (2), Oct (1)
Erythemis haematogastra
(Burmeister, 1839)
B8329D39-2506-563F-8873-03FDF96C0171
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Dec (1)
Erythrodiplax basifusca
(Calvert, 1895)
941BF054-47C9-51D1-9DD0-D7BEA460016A
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Amacuahutitlan, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Nov (1), Feb (3), Mar (10), Apr (6), May (2), Jun (8), Sep (1)
Erythrodiplax funerea
(Hagen, 1861)
65BACB76-BBD5-53AA-B58A-05B6E9F6B362
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Jun (2), Jul (1), Aug (3), Sep (1)
Libellula croceipennis
Sélys, 1868
52DBE0A4-8CF4-539D-9FDF-31090239AC7F
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Amacuahutitlan, Las Higueras, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Jun (7), Aug (4), Sep (5), Oct (3)
Macrothemis hemichlora
(Burmeister, 1839)
F037D91A-D5B7-572B-BF3B-FB9A5BC532D4
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Feb (1)
Macrothemis inacuta
Calvert, 1898
C452BDB4-A91B-573B-9050-CF823ABE219F
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Nov (1), Dec (1), Feb (1), Jun (3), Jul (1), Aug (5), Sept (1)
Macrothemis inequiunguis
Calvert, 1895
2042CA7A-DD88-5FE9-AEED-9C9BABCD537E
Distribution
Amacuahutitlan, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Jun (1)
Macrothemis pseudimitans
Calvert, 1898
9A803EC8-FCEE-5815-8520-C123EED1B939
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Amacuahutitlan, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Nov (1), Dec (2), Mar (1), May (1), Jun (5), Jul (2), Aug (3), Sep (2)
Miathyria marcella
(Sélys in Sagra, 1857)
AFA02EFB-CCDC-5DE1-80EA-5E93067E0242
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Dec (4), Aug (1)
Micrathyria aequalis
(Hagen, 1861)
EF6038A9-B612-50AE-81BE-38A59A948307
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Dec (5), Aug (1), Sep (1), Oct (1)
Micrathyria didyma
(Sélys in Sagra, 1857)
3F5F8080-1376-5320-8FC1-C34423AD890F
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Jun (2), Jul (1), Aug (3), Sep (2)
Micrathyria paulsoni
González-Soriano, 2020
25729871-49C2-5070-BC2B-4E37AFA61542
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Jun (8), Jul (4), Aug (1), Sep (2)
Orthemis discolor
(Burmeister, 1839)
AC64915F-D6AA-55D9-B599-42700BE89A4C
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Amacuahutitlan, Las Higueras, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Nov (1), Dec (4), Feb (3), Apr (2), Jun (3), Aug (2), Sep (1), Oct (8)
Orthemis ferruginea
(Fabricius, 1775)
7604C2A3-3365-5389-A8B6-FA98FD6BC6F3
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Amacuahutitlan, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Nov (4), Dec (3), Jan (1), Feb 1), Jun (5), Jul (1), Sep (1)
Orthemis levis
Calvert, 1906
B0FD2362-5BB5-550A-955D-15C0272D6333
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Jun (14), Sept (1)
Pantala flavescens
(Fabricius, 1798)
63147C56-5E40-5CD5-A9B8-19D4E2CAC4E8
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Amacuahutitlan, Las Higueras, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Aug (5)
Pantala hymenaea
(Say, 1840)
167C05C1-B21D-596A-AF55-96EFD9944E53
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Las Higueras, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Aug (6)
Perithemis domitia
(Drury, 1773)
6FF663CC-589C-570C-A6E8-04969324950A
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Las Higueras, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Jun (2), Aug (1)
Perithemis intensa
Kirby, 1889
736A74D7-169D-56AE-871A-B34A95EFDBF8
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Amacuahutitlan, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Dec (5), Feb (3), Mar (2), Apr (3), May (2), Jun (3), Aug (1), Oct (5)
Perithemis tenera
(Say, 1840)
ED8F2AB2-F501-5988-9B53-33B8D614F8CC
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Feb (2)
Pseudoleon superbus
(Hagen, 1861)
4A708E15-0133-5CCF-940D-62CB7771C0BC
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Las Higueras, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Nov (3), Dec (2), Mar (1), Aug (1)
Tauriphila azteca
Calvert, 1906
5AD9140E-6B59-5F0A-80F5-FA096972743E
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Jun (2), Aug (3)
Tramea onusta
Hagen, 1861
E2AF54A6-FBF1-5E2E-BE70-AC873969095C
Distribution
San Buenaventura, Jalisco, MX
Notes
Phenology in SBV: Aug (3), Sept (2)
Analysis
Species richness and diversity
We documented a total of 1087 specimens belonging to seven families, 35 genera and 66 species of odonates in the assemblage (Figs 4, 5). Those values represent 87.5% of the families, 80% of the genera and 51% of the total species previously reported for the State of Jalisco (González-Soriano and Novelo-Gutiérrez 2014; Suppl. material 1). Libellulidae and Coenagrionidae were the families with the highest number of species, with 28 (42.4%) and 21 (31.8%), respectively, followed by Gomphidae (7), Aeshnidae (6), Calopterygidae (2), Lestidae (1) and Platystictidae (1). At the generic level, Libellulidae had the highest numbers of genera (15), followed by Coenagrionidae (8), Gomphidae (5), Aeshnidae (4), Lestidae (1), Calopterygidae (1) and Platystictidae (1). Argia was the most speciose genus with 10 species, followed by Macrothemis with four and the remaining genera with 1-3 species. Phyllogomphoidesluisi was recorded for the first time in the State of Jalisco and Anisagrionallopterum represented the first northernmost documented record of this species in America (Fig. 3). The total species richness (66 species) represented 88.9% from the total expected richness (0D, 74.16 effective species), 96.3% (35.4) of the expected Shannon diversity (1D) and 97.97% (22.2) of the expected Simpson diversity (2D) (Table 2, Fig. 5). The estimated species richness suggests that there could be another eight species in the site, whereas observed evenness (1D) and dominance (2D) showed values close to the estimated values of those diversity metrics.
Figure 4.
Species rank-abundance curve for the odonate species collected in San Buenaventura, Jalisco during 1996-1997.
Figure 5.
Interpolation-extrapolation cumulative curve, based on the number of odonate specimens collected in San Buenaventura, Jalisco (1996-1997) for three diversity orders: 0D, species richness; 1D, Shannon diversity; 2D, Simpson diversity. Exp, expected values of diversity of order 0, 1 and 2.
Table 2.
Monthly values of temperature (°C) and precipitation (mm), odonate species diversity and phylogenetic diversity from SBV during 1996-1997. Tmax, mean maximum temperature; Tmin, mean minimum temperature; PPM, mean precipitation; N, abundance (specimen count); 0D, species richness; 1D, Shannon diversity; 2D, Simpson diversity; Δ, taxonomic diversity; Δ*, taxonomic distinctness; Δ+, average taxonomic distinctness. Additionally, expected values of different measures of diversity correspond to the whole assemblage (0D, 1D, 2D) or by month (Δ, Δ*, Δ+).
| Month | Tmax | Tmin | PPM | N | 0D | 1D | 2D | Δ | Δ* | Δ+ |
| Nov | 31.76 | 13.64 | 13.5 | 17 | 11 | 9.44 | 8.1 | 73.44 | 79.13 | 79.42 |
| Dec | 31.32 | 12.39 | 0 | 83 | 24 | 18.40 | 13.21 | 75.71 | 80.97 | 76.08 |
| Jan | 29.68 | 9.85 | 2 | 31 | 11 | 9.03 | 7.81 | 63.71 | 70.92 | 70.39 |
| Feb | 32.64 | 11.63 | 0 | 94 | 22 | 15.6 | 12.61 | 63.68 | 68.48 | 76.26 |
| Mar | 33.45 | 14.82 | 30.5 | 82 | 19 | 11.99 | 8.46 | 65.70 | 73.66 | 69.67 |
| Apr | 32.3 | 15.03 | 52 | 68 | 20 | 15.83 | 13.24 | 63.32 | 67.51 | 69.71 |
| May | 37 | 17.1 | 58 | 21 | 13 | 11.76 | 10.79 | 75.51 | 79.60 | 78.24 |
| Jun | 34.7 | 20.64 | 178.5 | 202 | 36 | 18.33 | 9.52 | 73.50 | 81.75 | 77.36 |
| Jul | 32.13 | 18.76 | 256.5 | 35 | 21 | 18.58 | 16.49 | 78.03 | 80.82 | 81.62 |
| Aug | 32.97 | 18.86 | 92.5 | 137 | 44 | 29.24 | 17.91 | 76.16 | 80.10 | 78.37 |
| Sep | 32.4 | 19.57 | 240 | 119 | 40 | 30.35 | 24.32 | 78.14 | 80.82 | 80.21 |
| Oct | 31.35 | 16.5 | 69 | 89 | 24 | 17.03 | 14.01 | 77.67 | 82.72 | 80.06 |
| Expected values | 74.16 | 36.72 | 22.23 | 81.58 | 76.42 | 80.37 |
Species abundance during all the sampling was very heterogeneous. Only a few species were very abundant and most were represented by one or few specimens (Figs 4, 6). Hetaerinaamericana was by far the most abundant species with 149 specimens, followed by the coenagrionids Argiapulla (68), A.extranea (59), Phyllogomphoidespacificus (51), Enallagmanovaehispaniae (49) and A.harknessi (44). Those six species represented 41% of the total abundance of the assemblage (420 specimens). Surprisingly, one anisopteran, P.pacificus, appeared within the group of abundant species with more than 50 specimens. This contrasts with our other previous studies in TDF where the most abundant species belong to the suborder Zygoptera. On the contrary, 16 species were represented by only 1-3 specimens and contributed only 3% of the total abundance (31 specimens).
Figure 6.
Heatmap showing monthly abundance (number of specimens) of odonate species collected in SBV, Jalisco. Species in rows are ordered according to their suborder and family. AES, Aeshnidae; GOM, Gomphidae; LIB, Libellulidae; CAL, Calopterygidae; COE, Coenagrionidae; LES, Lestidae; PLA, Platystictidae.
Variation in temporal species and phylogenetic diversity
We observed a high variation in the different facets of diversity species of the odonate assemblage throughout the year. The highest species richness was recorded in August (44 species) and September (40), while the lowest was observed in November (11) and January (11). In addition, the highest value of abundance was observed in June (202 specimens), during the rainy season and the lowest in November (17) and May (21), during the dry season (Table 2, Fig. 6). The highest Shannon diversity was also documented in August and September, while the highest value of Simpson diversity was recorded in September (Table 2).
Phylogenetic divergence also showed a high variation throughout the year (Table 2): the taxonomic diversity showed its highest values from July to October; the taxonomic distinctness (Δ*) was higher in June and October. In general, it was high throughout the rainy period, whereas we observed lower values than the expected (76.42 species) from January to April except December. In general, the monthly taxonomic diversity (Δ) and the average taxonomic distinctness (Δ+) were lower than the expected.
Relationship between odonate diversity and abiotic factors
Variation in precipitation showed a positive, moderate correlation with Shannon and Simpson diversities of the SBV odonate assemblage, as well as with phylogenetic divergence (Δ* and Δ+) (Table 3); whereas variation in minimum temperature also showed a positive, moderate correlation with monthly variation in species richness, Shannon diversity and all metrics of phylogenetic diversity (Table 3). Maximum temperature did not show any influence on the different metrics performed.
Table 3.
Pearson correlation coefficients between temperature, precipitation and odonate species diversity and phylogenetic diversity from SBV and amongst diversity metrics performed. Tmax, mean maximum temperature; Tmin, mean minimum temperature; PPM, mean precipitation; N, abundance; 0D, species richness; 1D, Shannon diversity; 2D, Simpson diversity; Δ, taxonomic diversity; Δ*, taxonomic distinctness; Δ+, average taxonomic distinctness. Additionally, expected values of different measures of diversity correspond to the whole assemblage (0D, 1D, 2D) or by month (Δ, Δ*, Δ+). ⁎P < 0.05, ⁎⁎P < 0.01.
| Abiotic factors | Species diversity | Phylogenetic diversity | |||||||
| Tmax | Tmin | PPM | N | 0D | 1D | 2D | Δ | Δ* | |
| N | 0.198 | 0.531 | 0.348 | ||||||
| 0D | 0.127 | 0.677* | 0.551 | 0.847** | |||||
| 1D | 0.032 | 0.636* | 0.609* | 0.612* | 0.931** | ||||
| 2D | -0.055 | 0.529 | 0.644* | 0.289 | 0.701** | 0.903** | |||
| Δ | 0.196 | 0.659* | 0.580* | 0.148 | 0.431 | 0.526 | 0.529 | ||
| Δ * | 0.209 | 0.629* | 0.501 | 0.243 | 0.34 | 0.401 | 0.321** | 0.954** | |
| Δ + | 0.126 | 0.699* | 0.587* | 0.821** | 0.996** | 0.942** | 0.729** | 0.493 | 0.454 |
Monthly precipitation was strongly correlated with monthly minimum temperature (r = 0.833, P < 0.001); abundance showed a high, positive correlation with species richness and Shannon diversity (Table 3), which, in turn, were strongly correlated with Simpson diversity; also, taxonomic diversity and taxonomic distinctness showed a high, positive correlation between them. In addition, average taxonomic distinctness was highly and positively correlated with the diversity metrics of most species.
Comparison with other TDF regions
In contrast with other TDF Mexican localities studied where coenagrionids were dominant (e.g. Dominguillo, Oaxaca; Huautla, Morelos; San Javier, Sonora), the odonate assemblage from SBV was dominated by one abundant calopterygid species: Hetaerinaamericana (Fig. 2). In addition, odonate species richness in SBV (66 species) was higher than the richness reported from Sierra de Huautla, Morelos (57) (González-Soriano et al. 2008); San Javier, Sonora (52) (González-Soriano et al. 2009); Río Pinolapa, Michoacán (51) (Novelo-Gutiérrez and Gómez-Anaya 2009); Dominguillo, Oaxaca (50) (González-Soriano et al. 2021); and Aguililla, Michoacán (40) (Novelo-Gutiérrez and Gómez-Anaya 2009). However, it was lower than that reported for Chamela, Jalisco (González-Soriano et al. 2004), which is the TDF site with the largest number of species recorded so far (78). SBV shares 71.2% species with Huautla; 63.6% with Chamela; 56.6% with Río Pinolapa; 53% with San Javier; 48.5% with Aguililla; and 42.4% with Dominguillo.
Discussion
The high species richness found in SBV compared to other Mexican TDF assemblages (Chamela, Jalisco, which is the only locality with a higher species richness reported for Mexican TDF) seems to be explained by several factors. For instance, samplings were done along a greater diversity of aquatic habitats, including: (a) permanent ponds at the sides of the Ferreria river; (b) a permanent large river in SBV; (c) a shallow pond located along a narrow shady spring fed stream at Las Higueras, the habitat in which we found Anisagrionallopterum, their northernmost published record in Mexico (Fig. 3); and (d) a temporal stream in Los Yesos. Additionally, the presence of permanent semi-shaded ponds with abundant floating and rooted vegetation seems to influence the presence of more species of endophytic odonates, especially of the Aeshnidae family, with six species reported in SBV. Only in two of the previous studied localities (except for Chamela with 10 species and Huautla with 7 species), this family was as well represented as in SBV.
Temporal variation of abundance and species richness shows a pattern similar to other odonate and insect assemblages from the Mexican TDF, wherein higher values of richness and abundance were recorded during the rainy season (e.g. Odonata, González-Soriano et al. (2021)). However, those variables are not correlated with the variation in precipitation in SBV and only species richness is being influenced by minimum temperature. A different scenario can be seen in other diversity orders where the structure of the entire assemblage is analysed: evenness and dominance (1D and 2D in Table 3) do fluctuate with variation in precipitation and evenness also fluctuates with variation in monthly minimum temperature; i.e. higher levels of monthly precipitation lead to an increase in the monthly diversity and a more evenly distributed abundance of odonate species. In contrast, other odonate assemblages from the Mexican TDF forests show different phenological patterns than those from SBV, either showing an inverse pattern in which the highest values of species richness and diversity have been recorded at the end of the rainy season (e.g. Huautla, González-Soriano et al. (2008)) or showing a shorter period with high levels of richness, abundance and diversity (e.g. Dominguillo, González-Soriano et al. (2021)).
In addition, variation in precipitation and minimum temperatures also influence the variation in the taxonomic structure of the SBV odonate assemblage: the higher the precipitation, the greater the taxonomic distance amongst odonate specimens and the more evenly distributed the abundances are amongst odonate species in the taxonomic hierarchy of the whole assemblage. Additionally, higher values of minimum temperature lead to greater taxonomic distances amongst odonate species within the assemblage structure. A similar pattern has been previously recorded for Santiago Dominguillo, Oaxaca and it is likely associated to a higher availability of niches and resources during the rainy season than that of the dry season (González-Soriano et al. 2021).
On the other hand, we found that minimum temperature was more informative than the maximum temperature values recorded in the sampling year, which suggest that it might be more convenient for odonate and other insect assemblages to explore other climatic variables associated with their diversity patterns (e.g. average monthly temperature) as those variables could be more biologically meaningful. In addition, some diversity metrics were redundant amongst them: it seems that the most informative and non-redundant metrics for the SBV odonate assemblage were Shannon diversity and taxonomic diversity metrics. Choosing the metrics that are the most complementary and informative will help us achieve a better understanding of the structure of ecological communities and the factors influencing them.
In SBV, some odonate families (such as Gomphidae, Lestidae and Platystictidae) exhibited a more seasonal pattern than the others and were recorded only during the rainy season. Gomphidae and Platystictidae have also been mainly recorded during that season in other TDF assemblages, such as San Javier (Sonora), Chamela (Jalisco) and Dominguillo (Oaxaca) (González-Soriano et al. 2004, González-Soriano et al. 2009, González-Soriano et al. 2021). Conversely, many Coenagrionidae species can be found throughout most of the year.
Supplementary Material
Species richness by family from the State of Jalisco and San Buenaventura locality
González-Soriano, E
Data type
Table
Brief description
In parentheses, the proportion of SBV species in relation to Jalisco diversity, based on González-Soriano & Novelo-Gutierrez (2013) and González-Soriano, unpublished data.
File: oo_935718.docx
Acknowledgements
Special thanks to Melissa Sánchez-Herrera, Milen Marinov and Rodolfo Novelo-Gutiérrez, who kindly reviewed our manuscript and made invaluable suggestions to improve it. Thanks also to Cheryl Harleston for English proofreading and her suggestions and comments on important points in the final draft of this article and to Enrique Ramírez García, César Durán and Eric Hough for providing photographs of odonates and their habitats.
Funding Statement
This work was financed partially by CONACYT (993555) and the program SIBA-UNIBIO from the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
References
- Bybee Seth M., Kalkman Vincent J., Erickson Robert J., Frandsen Paul B., Breinholt Jesse W., Suvorov Anton, Dijkstra Klaas-Douwe B., Cordero-Rivera Adolfo, Skevington Jeffrey H., Abbott John C., Sanchez Herrera Melissa, Lemmon Alan R., Moriarty Lemmon Emily, Ware Jessica L. Phylogeny and classification of Odonata using targeted genomics. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2021;160 doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107115. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Carle FL, Kjer KM, May ML. A molecular phylogeny and classification of Anisoptera (Odonata) Arthropod Systematics and Phylogeny. 2015;73(2):281–301. doi: 10.3897/asp.73.e31805. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
- Chao Anne. Species estimation and applications. Encyclopedia of Statistical Sciences. 2005:7907–7916. doi: 10.1002/0471667196.ess5051. [DOI]
- Chao Anne, Wang Y. T., Jost Lou. Entropy and the species accumulation curve: a novel entropy estimator via discovery rates of new species. Methods in Ecology and Evolution. 2013;4(11):1091–1100. doi: 10.1111/2041-210x.12108. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
- Chao Anne, Gotelli Nicholas J., Hsieh T. C., Sander Elizabeth L., Ma K. H., Colwell Robert K., Ellison Aaron M. Rarefaction and extrapolation with Hill numbers: a framework for sampling and estimation in species diversity studies. Ecological Monographs. 2014;84(1):45–67. doi: 10.1890/13-0133.1. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
- Chao A, Wang YT, Hsieh TC, Chiu CH. Online program SpadeR (Species Richness Prediction and Diversity Estimation in R). Program and User's Guide. http://chao.stat.nthu.edu.tw/wordpress/software_download/softwarespader_online/ [2023-11-09T00:00:00+02:00]. http://chao.stat.nthu.edu.tw/wordpress/software_download/softwarespader_online/
- Clarke KR, Warwick RM. A taxonomic distinctness index and its statistical properties. Journal of Applied Ecology. 1998;35(4):523–531. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2664.1998.3540523.x. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
- Clarke KR, Warwick RM. A further biodiversity index applicable to species lists: variation in taxonomic distinctness. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 2001;216:265–278. doi: 10.3354/meps216265. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
- Agua Comisión Nacional del, Nacional Servicio Metereológico. Normales climatológicas para el estado de Jalisco 1971-2000. Estación 14343, Presa Basilio Vadillo, Ejutla. https://smn.conagua.gob.mx/es/informacion-climatologica-por-estado?estado=jal. [2023-07-20T00:00:00+03:00]. https://smn.conagua.gob.mx/es/informacion-climatologica-por-estado?estado=jal
- Dijkstra Klaas-Douwe B., Kalkman Vincent J, Dow Rory A, Stokvis Frank R, Van Tol Jan. Redefining the damselfly families: a comprehensive molecular phylogeny of Zygoptera (Odonata) Systematic Entomology. 2014;39(1):68–96. doi: 10.1111/syen.12035. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
- DRYFLOR, Banda-R K., Delgado-Salinas A., Dexter K. G., Linares-Palomino R., Oliveira-Filho A., Prado D., Pullan M., Quintana C., Riina R., Rodriguez M. G. M., Weintritt J., Acevedo-Rodriguez P., Adarve J., Alvarez E., Aranguren B. A., Arteaga J. C., Aymard G., Castano A., Ceballos-Mago N., Cogollo A., Cuadros H., Delgado F., Devia W., Duenas H., Fajardo L., Fernandez A., Fernandez M. A., Franklin J., Freid E. H., Galetti L. A., Gonto R., Gonzalez-M. R., Graveson R., Helmer E. H., Idarraga A., Lopez R., Marcano-Vega H., Martinez O. G., Maturo H. M., McDonald M., McLaren K., Melo O., Mijares F., Mogni V., Molina D., Moreno N. d. P., Nassar J. M., Neves D. M., Oakley L. J., Oatham M., Olvera-Luna A. R., Pezzini F. F., Dominguez O. J. R., Rios M. E., Rivera O., Rodriguez N., Rojas A., Sarkinen T., Sanchez R., Smith M., Vargas C., Villanueva B., Pennington R. T. Plant diversity patterns in neotropical dry forests and their conservation implications. Science. 2016;353(6306):1383–1387. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf5080. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- García E. Modificaciones al sistema de clasificación climática de Köppen. 4th Edition. Offset Larios; Mexico City: 1988. 219 [Google Scholar]
- González-Soriano E, Delgado-Hernández O, Harp GL. In: Artrópodos de Chamela. 1st Edition. García-Aldrete A N, Ayala R, México Universidad Nacional Autónoma de, editors. Mexico City: 2004. Libélulas de la Estación de Biología, Chamela, Jalisco (Insecta: Odonata)227. [Google Scholar]
- González-Soriano E, Noguera FA, Zaragoza-Caballero S, Morales-Barrera MA, Ayala-Barajas R, Rodríguez-Palafox A, Ramírez-García E. Odonata diversity in a tropical dry forest of México, 1. Sierra de Huautla, Morelos. Odonatologica. 2008;37(4):305–315. [Google Scholar]
- González-Soriano E, Noguera FA, Zaragoza-Caballero S, Ramírez-García E. Odonata de un bosque tropical caducifolio: sierra de San Javier, Sonora, México. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad. 2009;80(002):341–348. doi: 10.22201/ib.20078706e.2009.002.622. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
- González-Soriano Enrique, Novelo-Gutiérrez Rodolfo. Biodiversidad de Odonata en México. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad. 2014;85:243–251. doi: 10.7550/rmb.34716. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
- González-Soriano E, Noguera FA, Pérez-Hernández CX, Zaragoza-Caballero S, González-Valencia L. Patterns of richness, diversity and abundance of an odonate assemblage from a tropical dry forest in the Santiago Dominguillo Region, Oaxaca, México (Insecta: Odonata) Biodiversity Data Journal. 2021;9 doi: 10.3897/bdj.9.e60980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Guevara Gutiérrez RD, Olguín López JL, Mancilla Villa OR, Barreto García OA. Análisis morfométrico de la cuenca hidrográfica del río Ayuquila, Jalisco-México. GeoFocus Revista Internacional de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Información Geográfica. 2019;24:141–158. doi: 10.21138/gf.622. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
- Hammer O, Harper DA, Ryan PD. Paleontologica Electronica; 2001. PAST: Paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. [Google Scholar]
- Hsieh T. C., Ma K. H., Chao Anne. iNEXT: an R package for rarefaction and extrapolation of species diversity (Hill numbers) Methods in Ecology and Evolution. 2016;7(12):1451–1456. doi: 10.1111/2041-210x.12613. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
- Jardel EJP. Estrategias para la conservación de la Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra de Manantlán. Editorial Universidad de Guadalajara; Guadalajara, Jalisco: 1992. 315 [Google Scholar]
- Jost Lou. Entropy and diversity. Oikos. 2006;113(2):363–375. doi: 10.1111/j.2006.0030-1299.14714.x. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
- Magurran Anne E. Ecological diversity and its measurement. Princeton University Press; New Jersey: 1988. 215. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
- Miles Lera, Newton Adrian C., DeFries Ruth S, Ravilious Corinna, May Ian, Blyth Simon, Kapos Valerie, Gordon James E. A global overview of the conservation status of tropical dry forests. Journal of Biogeography. 2006;33(3):491–505. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2005.01424.x. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
- Mooney Harold A, Bullock Stephen H, Medina Ernesto. Introduction. Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests. 1995:1–8. doi: 10.1017/cbo9780511753398.001. [DOI]
- Noguera Felipe A., Zaragoza-Caballero Santiago, Chemsak John A., Rodríguez-Palafox Alicia, Ramírez Enrique, González-Soriano Enrique, Ayala Ricardo. Diversity of the family Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) of the tropical dry forest of Mexico, I. Sierra de Huautla, Morelos. Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 2002;95(5):617–627. doi: 10.1603/0013-8746(2002)095[0617:dotfcc]2.0.co;2. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
- Noguera Felipe A., Chemsak John A., Zaragoza-Caballero Santiago, RodrÍguez-Palafox Alicia, RamÍrez-GarcÍa Enrique, González-Soriano Enrique, Ayala Ricardo. A faunal study of Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) from one region with tropical dry forest in México: San Buenaventura, Jalisco. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist. 2007;83(4):296–314. doi: 10.3956/2007-14.1. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
- Noguera Felipe A., Ortega-Huerta Miguel A., Zaragoza-Caballero Santiago, González-Soriano Enrique, Ramírez-García Enrique. A faunal study of Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) from one region with tropical dry forest in Mexico: Sierra de San Javier, Sonora. The Pan-Pacific Entomologist. 2009;85(2):70–90. doi: 10.3956/2009-04.1. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
- Noguera F A, Ortega-Huerta M A, Zaragoza-Caballero S, González-Soriano E, Ramírez-García E. Species richness and abundance of Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) in Huatulco, Oaxaca, Mexico; Relationships with phenological changes in the tropical dry forest. Neotropical Entomology. 2017;47(4):457–469. doi: 10.1007/s13744-017-0534-y. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Noguera Martínez Felipe Arturo, ZaragozaCaballero Santiago, Rodríguez Palafox Alicia, González Soriano Enrique, Ramírez-García Enrique, Ayala Ricardo, Ortega-Huerta Miguel A. Cerambícidos (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) del bosque tropical caducifolio en Santiago Dominguillo, Oaxaca, México. Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad. 2012;83(3) doi: 10.7550/rmb.25088. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
- Novelo-Gutiérrez Rodolfo, Gómez-Anaya José Antonio. A comparative study of Odonata (Insecta) assemblages along an altitudinal gradient in the sierra de Coalcomán Mountains, Michoacán, Mexico. Biodiversity and Conservation. 2009;18(3):679–698. doi: 10.1007/s10531-008-9533-y. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
- Oksanen V, Blanchet G, Kindt R, Legendre P, Minchin PR, O'Hara RB, Simpson GL, Solymos P, Stevens MH, Wagner H. Vegan: Community Ecology Package. R package version 2.3-0. http://cran.r-project.org/ 2015 2.3-0.
- Rodríguez-Contreras FE, Martínez-Rivera LM, Ortiz-Arrona CI. Nivel de alteración ecohidrológica en ríos perennes de la cuenca del río Ayuquila-Armería. Revista de Ciencias Biológicas y de la Salud. 2019;22(2):28–38. [Google Scholar]
- Sánchez‐Azofeifa G. Arturo, Quesada Mauricio, Rodríguez Jon Paul, Nassar Jafet M., Stoner Kathryn E., Castillo Alicia, Garvin Theresa, Zent Egleé L., Calvo‐Alvarado Julio C., Kalacska Margaret E. R., Fajardo Laurie, Gamon John A., Cuevas‐Reyes Pablo. Research priorities for Neotropical dry forests. Biotropica. 2005;37(4):477–485. doi: 10.1046/j.0950-091x.2001.00153.x-i1. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
- Sánchez Cordero Dávila V. Comisión nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad; 2023. Digitalización y Sistematización de las Colecciones Biológicas Nacionales del Instituto de Biología, UNAM (CNIN). Versión 1.3. Occurrence dataset. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
- Tucker Caroline M., Cadotte Marc W., Carvalho Silvia B., Davies T. Jonathan, Ferrier Simon, Fritz Susanne A., Grenyer Rich, Helmus Matthew R., Jin Lanna S., Mooers Arne O., Pavoine Sandrine, Purschke Oliver, Redding David W., Rosauer Dan F., Winter Marten, Mazel Florent. A guide to phylogenetic metrics for conservation, community ecology and macroecology. Biological Reviews. 2016;92(2):698–715. doi: 10.1111/brv.12252. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Warnes GR, Bolker B, Bonebakker L, Gentleman R, Huber W. Package ‘gplots’. http://cran.r-project.org 2012
- Warwick RM, Clarke KR. New 'biodiversity' measures reveal a decrease in taxonomic distinctness with increasing stress. Marine Ecology Progress Series. 1995;129:301–305. doi: 10.3354/meps129301. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
- Zaragoza–Caballero S, Noguera FA, Chemsak JA, González-Soriano E, Rodríguez-Palafox A, Ramírez-García E, Ayala R. Diversity of Lycidae, Phengodidae, Lampyridae, and Cantharidae (Coleoptera) in a tropical dry forest region in Mexico: Sierra de Huautla, Morelos. The Pan Pacific Entomologist. 2003;79:23–37. [Google Scholar]
Associated Data
This section collects any data citations, data availability statements, or supplementary materials included in this article.
Supplementary Materials
Species richness by family from the State of Jalisco and San Buenaventura locality
González-Soriano, E
Data type
Table
Brief description
In parentheses, the proportion of SBV species in relation to Jalisco diversity, based on González-Soriano & Novelo-Gutierrez (2013) and González-Soriano, unpublished data.
File: oo_935718.docx