Abstract
Background
Bees are important actors in terrestrial ecosystems and are recognised for their prominent role as pollinators. In the Iberian Peninsula, approximately 1,100 bee species are known, with nearly 100 of these species being endemic to the Peninsula. A reference collection of DNA barcodes, based on morphologically identified bee specimens, representing 514 Iberian species, was constructed. The "InBIO Barcoding Initiative Database: DNA Barcodes of Iberian bees" dataset contains records of 1,059 sequenced specimens. The species of this dataset correspond to about 47% of Iberian bee species diversity and 21% of endemic species diversity. For peninsular Portugal only, the corresponding coverage is 71% and 50%. Specimens were collected between 2014 and 2022 and are deposited in the research collection of Thomas Wood (Naturalis Biodiversity Center, The Netherlands), in the FLOWer Lab collection at the University of Coimbra (Portugal), in the Andreia Penado collection at the Natural History and Science Museum of the University of Porto (MHNC-UP) (Portugal) and in the InBIO Barcoding Initiative (IBI) reference collection (Vairão, Portugal).
New information
Of the 514 species sequenced, 75 species from five different families are new additions to the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD) and 112 new BINs were added. Whilst the majority of species were assigned to a single BIN (94.9%), 27 nominal species were assigned to multiple BINs. Although the placement into multiple BINs may simply reflect genetic diversity and variation, it likely also represents currently unrecognised species-level diversity across diverse taxa, such as Amegillaalbigena Lepeletier, 1841, Andrenarussula Lepeletier, 1841, Lasioglossumleucozonium (Schrank, 1781), Nomadafemoralis Morawitz, 1869 and Sphecodesalternatus Smith, 1853. Further species pairs of Colletes, Hylaeus and Nomada were placed into the same BINs, emphasising the need for integrative taxonomy within Iberia and across the Mediterranean Basin more broadly. These data substantially contribute to our understanding of bee genetic diversity and DNA barcodes in Iberia and provide an important baseline for ongoing taxonomic revisions in the West Palaearctic biogeographical region.
Keywords: Hymenoptera, occurrence records, species distributions, peninsular Portugal, peninsular Spain, DNA barcode, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), pollinator
Introduction
Bees are a diversified lineage of Hymenopteran insects, with nearly 21,000 species recognised globally (Ascher and Pickering 2023). The greatest bee diversity is found in parts of the world with a Mediterranean to xeric climate (Orr et al. 2021), most clearly south-western Australia, south-western North America, south-western South America, southern Africa and the Old World Mediterranean Basin. Within the Mediterranean Basin, the Iberian Peninsula dominates its western part and is made up of the two countries Portugal (mainland area 89,000 km2) and Spain (mainland area 492,000 km2). Peninsular Portugal hosts 725 species (Baldock et al. 2018, Wood et al. 2020, Gaspar et al. 2023, Reverté et al. 2023), of which only two bee species are currently recognised as endemic and peninsular Spain hosts approximately 1,100 species (Lhomme et al. 2020, Ortiz-Sánchez 2020).
The total Iberian fauna is represented by approximately 1,100 species belonging to the six major bee families (Apidae, Andrenidae, Colletidae, Halictidae, Megachilidae and Melittidae) with approximately 96 species endemic to the Peninsula (8.7%); these values continue to vary due to ongoing taxonomic revisions which both describe and synonymise taxa, as well as adding new records and exclusions (e.g. Ghisbain et al. (2021b), Cross (2023), Dorchin (2023), Wood (2023), Ghisbain et al. (2023a)). Iberia, therefore, hosts slightly over half of the 2,138 bee species from Europe (Ghisbain et al. 2023b) and around one third of the approximately 3,500 bee species found in the entire West Palaearctic biogeographical region (Rasmont et al. 2017 and subsequent taxonomic works).
Given the large size of the Iberian bee fauna, against the background of widely-reported bee declines (LeBuhn and Vargas Luna 2021, Zattara and Aizen 2021) and the global and regional importance of Iberian bees as pollinators of wild (e.g. Castro et al. (2013), Mendes et al. (2021)) and cultivated plants (e.g. Stefanescu et al. (2018), Gaspar et al. (2022), Mota et al. (2022)), a good understanding of this fauna is highly relevant to ensure appropriate conservation actions (LeBuhn and Vargas Luna 2021, Zattara and Aizen 2021). However, whilst the national totals for Portugal and Spain are now more or less complete, this somewhat masks how patchy the study of Iberian bees has been. Before 2018, knowledge of the Portuguese fauna was seriously incomplete (Baldock et al. 2018) and many taxonomic issues have plagued the understanding of the wider Iberian fauna. Some of the taxonomic issues remained unsolved or simply unresolved for hundreds of years (e.g. Pauly et al. (2019), Litman et al. (2021), Wood and Le Divelec (2022), Dorchin (2023), Praz and Bénon (2023), Wood (2023)) and some were only discovered and resolved much more recently (e.g. Wood et al. (2021), Wood (2022)). Many parts of Iberia remain poorly studied and much work is still required to fully understand the distribution of bees within Iberia (e.g. Álvarez Fidalgo et al. (2022), Gaspar et al. (2023)), certainly when compared to countries in Northern and Central Europe that have a long history of study and a large quantity of validated occurrence data (e.g. Peeters et al. (2012), Else and Edwards (2018), Drossart et al. (2019), Praz et al. (2023)).
In addition to the incomplete study, the Iberian bee fauna has also been seldom studied using genetic techniques as a way to taxonomically delineate its fauna (as opposed to focused population genetic studies or taxonomic studies on specific species, for example, Chávez‐Galarza et al. (2015), Cejas et al. (2019), de Sousa et al. (2023)) until very recently (e.g. Ghisbain et al. (2021a), Ghisbain et al. (2021b), Wood et al. (2021), Kasparek et al. (2023), Wood (2023)). These studies have predominantly employed DNA barcodes targeting the cytochrome oxidase I subunit (COI) of the mitochondrial genome, a technique which is widely used in bee taxonomy to delineate species (e.g.Packer and Ruz 2017, Williams et al. 2020, Brasero et al. 2021, McLaughlin et al. 2022, Praz et al. 2022, Wood 2022, Gardner and Gibbs 2023, Praz and Bénon 2023, Wood 2023). However, it is important to note that this approach can produce ambiguous results that do not consistently separate certain taxa or can lead to conflict with morphological characters (e.g. Gibbs (2018)), which can require more powerful analyses to resolve (e.g. Gueuning et al. (2020)).
More broadly, however, the DNA barcoding approach is largely supportive for the majority of existing taxonomic concepts in bees, at least in Europe (Schmidt et al. 2015). Indeed, the work of Schmidt et al. (2015) is one of the few studies to attempt to systematically barcode the entire fauna of an European country, in this case Germany (though see also Magnacca and Brown (2012), Villalta et al. (2021)). In order to meaningfully increase our knowledge of the DNA barcodes of Iberian bees and, hence, also their taxonomic status and presence in Iberia, we attempt to systematically barcode this fauna, with a focus on the species present in peninsular Portugal. We generated barcodes for species representing 46.5% (n = 512) of the bees known from the Peninsula and 20.8% (n = 20) of known endemic Iberian species. This work was conducted within the framework of the InBIO Barcoding Initiative.
General description
Purpose
This dataset aims to provide a contribution to an authoritative DNA barcode sequences library for Iberian bees, documenting biodiversity of this functional group, harbouring relevant pollinators in a Mediterranean hotspot. Such a library aims to enable DNA-based identification of species for both traditional molecular studies and DNA-metabarcoding studies. Furthermore, it constitutes a relevant resource for taxonomic research on Iberian bees and their distributions within and outside the Iberian Peninsula.
Additional information
A total of 1,059 bee specimens were sequenced (Suppl. materials 1, 2, 3, 4). Fig. 2 illustrates examples of the diversity of species that are part of the dataset of distribution data and DNA barcodes of Iberian Bees. A full-length barcode of 658 bp was obtained for 1,007 specimens (95%) (Table 1, Suppl. material 2). These specimens represent 514 (46.5%) of the approximately 1,100 described bee species known to occur in the Iberian Peninsula, one species of Melecta being identified only to the level of genus. Furthermore, 20 taxa are Iberian endemics, representing 20.8% of the total species endemic to the Iberian Penisnsula (n = 96, subject to continuous variation due to ongoing taxonomic revisions and, hence, changing species concepts and distributions, for example, Wood (2023)). For peninsular Portugal, the corresponding values represent 70.8% of the fauna (ca. 725 species) and 50% of the endemic species (one of the only two species endemic to mainland Portugal). The dataset includes specimens from all six bee families known to occur in the Iberian Peninsula (Apidae, Andrenidae, Colletidae, Halictidae, Megachilidae, Melittidae) and 51 of the 56 (91.1%) genera present in the fauna (treating Eucera and Tetralonia as distinct genera and retaining broad Halictus genus including Seladonia and Vestitohalictus), lacking only Simpanurgus (ne species in Iberia), Habropoda (one species), Camptopoeum (one species), Biastes (three species) and Rophites (two species). These data substantially contribute to our understanding of bee barcodes with 75 species represented by barcodes for the first time in the BOLD database. Currently, 91% of the Portuguese bee species have public DNA barcodes; nevertheless, 64 species remain unrepresented in the DNA barcode reference collections (Suppl. material 5).
Examples of the diversity of bee species included here as part of the DNA barcode dataset for Iberian Bees. All photos by Thomas Wood.
Figure 2a.
Andrenaleucolippa Pérez, 1895 (Andrenidae) - BIN URI BOLD:AEO2473.
Figure 2b.
Anthophorapodagra Lepeletier, 1841 (Apidae) - BIN URI BOLD:AEO2867.
Figure 2c.
Hoplitisbisulca (Gerstäcker, 1869) (Megachilidae) - BIN URI BOLD:AEO0529.
Figure 2d.
Pseudoanthidiumeximium (Giraud, 1863) (Megachilidae) - BIN URI BOLD:AEO0467.
Figure 2e.
Dasypodavisnaga (Rossi, 1790) (Melittidae) - BIN URI BOLD:AEO0075.
Figure 2f.
Pasitesmaculatus Jurine, 1807 (Apidae) - BIN URI BOLD:AAL3976.
Table 1.
List of species that were collected and DNA barcoded for this project. "IBI code" is the Sample ID, while "BOLD code" is the Process ID attributed by BOLD. In the Species column, # indicates taxa for which no DNA barcode was available prior to this study; in the BOLD BIN column, ' indicates unique BINs.
| Family | Species | IBI code | BOLD code | BOLD BIN | GenBank |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaaerinifrons Dours, 1873 | INV12500 | IBIHM471-21 | BOLD:ADJ3594 | OR795910 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaaerinifrons Dours, 1873 | INV12633 | IBIHM1034-22 | BOLD:AET5046' | OR796236 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaaerinifrons Dours, 1873 | INV12827 | IBIHM1228-22 | BOLD:AET5046' | OR795930 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaafzeliella (Kirby, 1802) | INV12647 | IBIHM1048-22 | BOLD:AAP2754 | OR795919 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaagilissima (Scopoli, 1770) | INV12501 | IBIHM472-21 | BOLD:AEO1903 | OR795937 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaagilissima (Scopoli, 1770) | INV12502 | IBIHM473-21 | BOLD:AEO1903 | OR796727 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaagilissima (Scopoli, 1770) | INV13382 | IBIHM952-21 | BOLD:AEO1903 | OR796085 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaalfkenella Perkins, 1914 | INV12503 | IBIHM474-21 | BOLD:AAK0552 | OR796780 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaalfkenella Perkins, 1914 | INV13052 | IBIHM623-21 | BOLD:AAK0552 | OR796891 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaalfkenella Perkins, 1914 | INV13198 | IBIHM769-21 | BOLD:AAK0552 | OR796142 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaalfkenella Perkins, 1914 | INV13199 | IBIHM770-21 | BOLD:AAK0552 | OR796444 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaalluaudi Benoist, 1961# | INV12504 | IBIHM475-21 | BOLD:AEN9732' | OR796776 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaalluaudi Benoist, 1961# | INV12505 | IBIHM476-21 | BOLD:AEN9732' | OR796724 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaalma Warncke, 1975 | INV12828 | IBIHM1229-22 | BOLD:AEN9431' | OR796777 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaalma Warncke, 1975 | INV12829 | IBIHM1230-22 | BOLD:AEN9431' | OR796133 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaalma Warncke, 1975 | INV13377 | IBIHM947-21 | BOLD:AEN9431' | OR796746 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaampla Warncke, 1967 | INV13168 | IBIHM739-21 | BOLD:ABA2611 | OR796274 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaampla Warncke, 1967 | INV12635 | IBIHM1036-22 | BOLD:AES0278' | OR796123 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaangustior (Kirby, 1802) | INV12638 | IBIHM1039-22 | BOLD:AAE5176 | OR796639 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaangustior (Kirby, 1802) | INV13174 | IBIHM745-21 | BOLD:AAE5176 | OR796475 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaangustior (Kirby, 1802) | INV13175 | IBIHM746-21 | BOLD:AAE5176 | OR795960 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaangustior (Kirby, 1802) | INV13176 | IBIHM747-21 | BOLD:AAE5176 | OR796180 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaangustior (Kirby, 1802) | INV13180 | IBIHM751-21 | BOLD:AAE5176 | OR796837 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaangustior (Kirby, 1802) | INV13181 | IBIHM752-21 | BOLD:AAE5176 | OR796285 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaangustior (Kirby, 1802) | INV13182 | IBIHM753-21 | BOLD:AAE5176 | OR796538 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaangustior (Kirby, 1802) | INV13183 | IBIHM754-21 | BOLD:AAE5176 | OR796374 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaangustior (Kirby, 1802) | INV13184 | IBIHM755-21 | BOLD:AAE5176 | OR796685 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaangustior (Kirby, 1802) | INV13188 | IBIHM759-21 | BOLD:AAE5176 | OR796929 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaangustior (Kirby, 1802) | INV13192 | IBIHM763-21 | BOLD:AAE5176 | OR796292 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaangustior (Kirby, 1802) | INV13196 | IBIHM767-21 | BOLD:AAE5176 | OR796082 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaangustior (Kirby, 1802) | INV13226 | IBIHM797-21 | BOLD:AAE5176 | OR796580 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaangustior (Kirby, 1802) | INV13227 | IBIHM798-21 | BOLD:AAE5176 | OR796304 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaantigana Pérez, 1895 | INV12506 | IBIHM477-21 | BOLD:AEO4687 | OR796250 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaantigana Pérez, 1895 | INV12507 | IBIHM478-21 | BOLD:AEO4687 | OR796852 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaassimilis Radoszkowski, 1876 | INV12627 | IBIHM1028-22 | BOLD:AEU3679' | OR796869 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenabaetica Wood, 2020 | INV12821 | IBIHM1222-22 | BOLD:AEN8421 | OR796472 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenabellidis Pérez, 1895# | INV12824 | IBIHM1225-22 | BOLD:AET0142' | OR796068 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenabellidis Pérez, 1895# | INV12825 | IBIHM1226-22 | BOLD:AET0142' | OR796765 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenabenoisti Wood, 2021 | INV12637 | IBIHM1038-22 | BOLD:AEO0062 | OR796387 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenabicolor Fabricius, 1775 | INV13051 | IBIHM622-21 | BOLD:AAD0135 | OR796905 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenabicolorata (Rossi, 1790) | INV12628 | IBIHM1029-22 | BOLD:AEK9626 | OR796512 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenabicolorata (Rossi, 1790) | INV12826 | IBIHM1227-22 | BOLD:AEK9626 | OR796382 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenabimaculata (Kirby, 1802) | INV12508 | IBIHM479-21 | BOLD:AAY9952 | OR796913 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenabimaculata (Kirby, 1802) | INV13398 | IBIHM968-21 | BOLD:AAY9952 | OR796445 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenacinerea Brullé, 1832 | INV12509 | IBIHM480-21 | BOLD:AEM8298 | OR796689 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenacinerea Brullé, 1832 | INV12823 | IBIHM1224-22 | BOLD:AEM8298 | OR796590 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenacombinata (Christ, 1791) | INV12634 | IBIHM1035-22 | BOLD:AAK0530 | OR796412 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenacombinata (Christ, 1791) | INV12649 | IBIHM1050-22 | BOLD:AAK0530 | OR796847 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenadiscors Erichson, 1841 | INV12546 | IBIHM517-21 | BOLD:AEI2585 | OR796311 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenadjelfensis Pérez, 1895 | INV12818 | IBIHM1219-22 | BOLD:AET0920 | OR796145 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenadoursanacitreola Warncke, 1975 | INV12822 | IBIHM1223-22 | BOLD:AET0918 | OR796522 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenafabrella Pérez, 1903 | INV12639 | IBIHM1040-22 | BOLD:AEO4550 | OR796649 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenafabrella Pérez, 1903 | INV12645 | IBIHM1046-22 | BOLD:AEO4550 | OR796248 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaferrugineicrus Dours, 1872 | INV12512 | IBIHM483-21 | BOLD:AEN6074 | OR795954 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaflavipes Panzer, 1799 | INV12513 | IBIHM484-21 | BOLD:ACX2946 | OR796075 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaflavipes Panzer, 1799 | INV12817 | IBIHM1218-22 | BOLD:ACX2946 | OR796258 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaflavipes Panzer, 1799 | INV13161 | IBIHM732-21 | BOLD:ACX2946 | OR796504 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaflavipes Panzer, 1799 | INV13162 | IBIHM733-21 | BOLD:ACX2946 | OR796762 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaflavipes Panzer, 1799 | INV13163 | IBIHM734-21 | BOLD:ACX2946 | OR796170 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaflavipes Panzer, 1799 | INV13164 | IBIHM735-21 | BOLD:ACX2946 | OR796714 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaflavipes Panzer, 1799 | INV13165 | IBIHM736-21 | BOLD:ACX2946 | OR796733 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaflavipes Panzer, 1799 | INV13392 | IBIHM962-21 | BOLD:ACX2946 | OR796291 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaflorea Fabricius, 1793 | INV12514 | IBIHM485-21 | BOLD:AAK0287 | OR796059 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaflorea Fabricius, 1793 | INV13166 | IBIHM737-21 | BOLD:AAK0287 | OR796159 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaflorea Fabricius, 1793 | INV13169 | IBIHM740-21 | BOLD:AAK0287 | OR796279 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaflorea Fabricius, 1793 | INV13172 | IBIHM743-21 | BOLD:AAK0287 | OR796755 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaflorentina Magretti, 1883 | INV12515 | IBIHM486-21 | BOLD:ADZ9682 | OR795967 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaflorentina Magretti, 1883 | INV13193 | IBIHM764-21 | BOLD:ADZ9682 | OR796604 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaflorentina Magretti, 1883 | INV13387 | IBIHM957-21 | BOLD:ADZ9682 | OR796889 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaflorentina Magretti, 1883 | INV13388 | IBIHM958-21 | BOLD:ADZ9682 | OR796719 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaflorentina Magretti, 1883 | INV13394 | IBIHM964-21 | BOLD:ADZ9682 | OR796136 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenafulica Warncke, 1974 | INV12629 | IBIHM1030-22 | BOLD:AEN6978 | OR796196 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenafulica Warncke, 1974 | INV13379 | IBIHM949-21 | BOLD:AEN6978 | OR796041 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenafulvago (Christ, 1791) | INV12516 | IBIHM487-21 | BOLD:AAK0296 | OR795999 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenafuscipes (Kirby, 1802) | INV15655 | IBIHY003-22 | BOLD:AAE1706 | OR796101 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenafuscipes (Kirby, 1802) | INV15677 | IBIHY020-22 | BOLD:AAE1706 | OR796027 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenafuscosa Erichson, 1835 | INV12517 | IBIHM488-21 | BOLD:AEO6270 | OR796949 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenagranulosa Pérez, 1902 | INV12518 | IBIHM489-21 | BOLD:AAR3409 | OR796195 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenahaemorrhoa (Fabricius, 1781) | INV12519 | IBIHM490-21 | BOLD:AAD8891 | OR796468 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenahedikae Jaeger, 1934 | INV12520 | IBIHM491-21 | BOLD:AEO3736 | OR796737 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenahedikae Jaeger, 1934 | INV12521 | IBIHM492-21 | BOLD:AEO3736 | OR796601 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenahedikae Jaeger, 1934 | INV13418 | IBIHM988-21 | BOLD:AEO3736 | OR796558 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenahesperia Smith, 1853 | INV12836 | IBIHM1237-22 | BOLD:AEN4997 | OR796647 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenahesperia Smith, 1853 | INV12841 | IBIHM1242-22 | BOLD:AEN4997 | OR796360 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenahesperia Smith, 1853 | INV12842 | IBIHM1243-22 | BOLD:AEO5653 | OR796396 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenahesperia Smith, 1853 | INV13376 | IBIHM946-21 | BOLD:AEO5653 | OR796299 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenahumilis Imhoff, 1832 | INV12524 | IBIHM495-21 | BOLD:AER4065 | OR796904 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenahypopolia Schmiedeknecht, 1884 | INV12630 | IBIHM1031-22 | BOLD:AAJ2215 | OR796330 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenahypopolia Schmiedeknecht, 1884 | INV12648 | IBIHM1049-22 | BOLD:AAJ2215 | OR796871 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenahystrix Schmiedeknecht, 1883 | INV12631 | IBIHM1032-22 | BOLD:AEO0162 | OR796029 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenahystrix Schmiedeknecht, 1883 | INV12632 | IBIHM1033-22 | BOLD:AEO0162 | OR796383 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaimpressa Warncke, 1967 | INV12646 | IBIHM1047-22 | BOLD:AEO5002 | OR796456 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenajuliana Wood, 2021 | INV12525 | IBIHM496-21 | BOLD:AEO3956' | OR796882 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenalabialis (Kirby, 1802) | INV12526 | IBIHM497-21 | BOLD:AAK0232 | OR796783 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenalabialis (Kirby, 1802) | INV13189 | IBIHM760-21 | BOLD:AAK0232 | OR796394 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenalabiata Fabricius, 1781 | INV02352 | IBIHM019-19 | BOLD:ADS9137 | OR796910 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenalabiata Fabricius, 1781 | INV02353 | IBIHM020-19 | BOLD:ADS9137 | OR796320 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenalabiata Fabricius, 1781 | INV12527 | IBIHM498-21 | BOLD:ADS9137 | OR796000 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenalabiata Fabricius, 1781 | INV13419 | IBIHM989-21 | BOLD:ADS9137 | OR796244 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenalagopus Latreille, 1809 | INV12528 | IBIHM499-21 | BOLD:AAK0222 | OR796638 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenalagopus Latreille, 1809 | INV13389 | IBIHM959-21 | BOLD:AAK0222 | OR796802 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenalagopus Latreille, 1809 | INV13396 | IBIHM966-21 | BOLD:AAK0222 | OR795990 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaleptopyga Pérez, 1895 | INV13371 | IBIHM941-21 | BOLD:AEO3338 | OR796421 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaleucolippa Pérez, 1895 | INV12529 | IBIHM500-21 | BOLD:AEO2473' | OR796565 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenalimata Smith, 1853 | INV12530 | IBIHM501-21 | BOLD:AAE1815 | OR796200 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenalimata Smith, 1853 | INV13386 | IBIHM956-21 | BOLD:AAE1815 | OR796862 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenalimata Smith, 1853 | INV13384 | IBIHM954-21 | BOLD:AEX3903 | OR796675 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenalivens Pérez, 1895 | INV12531 | IBIHM502-21 | BOLD:AEL4518 | OR796809 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenalivens Pérez, 1895 | INV12532 | IBIHM503-21 | BOLD:AEL4518 | OR796116 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenalongibarbis Pérez, 1895 | INV12533 | IBIHM504-21 | BOLD:AEO0110 | OR795913 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenalongibarbis Pérez, 1895 | INV12534 | IBIHM505-21 | BOLD:AEO0110 | OR796779 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenalongibarbis Pérez, 1895 | INV13422 | IBIHM992-21 | BOLD:AEO0110 | OR796557 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenalusitania Wood & Ortiz-Sánchez, 2022# | INV13428 | IBIHM998-21 | BOLD:AET5292 | OR796355 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaminutula (Kirby, 1802) | INV12535 | IBIHM506-21 | BOLD:AAJ2143 | OR796477 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaminutula (Kirby, 1802) | INV12536 | IBIHM507-21 | BOLD:AAJ2143 | OR796060 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaminutula (Kirby, 1802) | INV12564 | IBIHM535-21 | BOLD:AAJ2143 | OR796044 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaminutula (Kirby, 1802) | INV13191 | IBIHM762-21 | BOLD:AAJ2143 | OR796198 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaminutula (Kirby, 1802) | INV13407 | IBIHM977-21 | BOLD:AAJ2143 | OR796039 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaminutuloides Perkins, 1914 | INV12537 | IBIHM508-21 | BOLD:AAE4947 | OR796022 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenamorio Brullé, 1832 | INV12523 | IBIHM494-21 | BOLD:AAJ2141 | OR795955 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenamorio Brullé, 1832 | INV13380 | IBIHM950-21 | BOLD:AAJ2141 | OR796420 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenamorio Brullé, 1832 | INV13381 | IBIHM951-21 | BOLD:AER2061 | OR796324 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenanana (Kirby, 1802) | INV12538 | IBIHM509-21 | BOLD:AAR3413 | OR796476 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenanana (Kirby, 1802) | INV13404 | IBIHM974-21 | BOLD:AAR3413 | OR796337 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenanana (Kirby, 1802) | INV13406 | IBIHM976-21 | BOLD:AAR3413 | OR795968 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenanigroaenea (Kirby, 1802) | INV12539 | IBIHM510-21 | BOLD:AAC8068 | OR796900 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenanigroaenea (Kirby, 1802) | INV13173 | IBIHM744-21 | BOLD:AAC8068 | OR796237 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenanigroaenea (Kirby, 1802) | INV13186 | IBIHM757-21 | BOLD:AAC8068 | OR796885 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenanigroolivacea Dours, 1873 | INV12540 | IBIHM511-21 | BOLD:ADZ3313 | OR796223 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenanigroolivacea Dours, 1873 | INV13194 | IBIHM765-21 | BOLD:ADZ3313 | OR796879 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenanigroolivacea Dours, 1873 | INV13195 | IBIHM766-21 | BOLD:ADZ3313 | OR795987 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenanitidula Pérez, 1903 | INV12642 | IBIHM1043-22 | BOLD:AAJ2142 | OR796203 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenanitidula Pérez, 1903 | INV12814 | IBIHM1215-22 | BOLD:AAJ2142 | OR795912 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaorana Warncke, 1975 | INV12542 | IBIHM513-21 | BOLD:AEI8573 | OR796921 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaorbitalis Morawitz, 1871# | INV12543 | IBIHM514-21 | BOLD:AEO3428' | OR796140 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaorbitalis Morawitz, 1871# | INV13373 | IBIHM943-21 | BOLD:AEO3428' | OR796432 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaorbitalis Morawitz, 1871# | INV13374 | IBIHM944-21 | BOLD:AEO3428' | OR796307 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaorbitalis Morawitz, 1871# | INV13425 | IBIHM995-21 | BOLD:AEO3428' | OR796096 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaovatula (Kirby, 1802) | INV12644 | IBIHM1045-22 | BOLD:AAK0399 | OR796018 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaovatula (Kirby, 1802) | INV13414 | IBIHM984-21 | BOLD:AAK0399 | OR796216 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaovatula (Kirby, 1802) | INV13426 | IBIHM996-21 | BOLD:AAK0399 | OR796108 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaovatula (Kirby, 1802) | INV13429 | IBIHM999-21 | BOLD:AAK0399 | OR796389 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaoviventris Pérez, 1895 | INV12544 | IBIHM515-21 | BOLD:AEO5504 | OR796772 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaoviventris Pérez, 1895 | INV13378 | IBIHM948-21 | BOLD:AEO5504 | OR796443 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenapandellei Pérez, 1895 | INV12545 | IBIHM516-21 | BOLD:AEO5453 | OR796629 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenapanurgina De Stefani, 1889 | INV12830 | IBIHM1231-22 | BOLD:AEM7346 | OR796268 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenapanurgina De Stefani, 1889 | INV12843 | IBIHM1244-22 | BOLD:AEM7346 | OR796086 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenapilipes Fabricius, 1781 | INV12549 | IBIHM520-21 | BOLD:AAF1031 | OR796038 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenapilipes Fabricius, 1781 | INV12550 | IBIHM521-21 | BOLD:AAF1031 | OR796288 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenapraecox (Scopoli, 1763) | INV13395 | IBIHM965-21 | BOLD:AER0527' | OR796097 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenapropinqua Schenck, 1853 | INV12643 | IBIHM1044-22 | BOLD:AAJ2115 | OR795957 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenapropinqua Schenck, 1853 | INV13167 | IBIHM738-21 | BOLD:AAJ2115 | OR796428 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenapropinqua Schenck, 1853 | INV13417 | IBIHM987-21 | BOLD:AAJ2115 | OR796648 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenapropinqua Schenck, 1853 | INV13185 | IBIHM756-21 | BOLD:AEN9473 | OR796102 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenapropinqua Schenck, 1853 | INV13228 | IBIHM799-21 | BOLD:AEN9473 | OR795997 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenapropinqua Schenck, 1853 | INV13410 | IBIHM980-21 | BOLD:AEN9473 | OR796158 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenapropinqua Schenck, 1853 | INV13423 | IBIHM993-21 | BOLD:AEN9473 | OR796953 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenapropinqua Schenck, 1853 | INV13427 | IBIHM997-21 | BOLD:AEN9473 | OR796473 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaramosa Wood 2022# | INV12553 | IBIHM524-21 | BOLD:AEO3339' | OR796144 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenarhenana E.Stöckhert, 1930 | INV02286 | IBIHM011-19 | BOLD:AAN4168 | OR796726 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenarhenana E.Stöckhert, 1930 | INV12551 | IBIHM522-21 | BOLD:AAN4168 | OR796914 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenarhenana E.Stöckhert, 1930 | INV13177 | IBIHM748-21 | BOLD:AAN4168 | OR796721 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenarhenana E.Stöckhert, 1930 | INV13178 | IBIHM749-21 | BOLD:AAN4168 | OR796860 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenarhenana E.Stöckhert, 1930 | INV13179 | IBIHM750-21 | BOLD:AAN4168 | OR796263 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenarhenana E.Stöckhert, 1930 | INV13413 | IBIHM983-21 | BOLD:AAN4168 | OR796640 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenarhyssonota Pérez, 1895 | INV12552 | IBIHM523-21 | BOLD:AEO1135 | OR796265 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenarhyssonota Pérez, 1895 | INV13372 | IBIHM942-21 | BOLD:AEO1135 | OR796615 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenarussula Lepeletier, 1841 | INV12558 | IBIHM529-21 | BOLD:AAZ1205 | OR795971 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenarussula Lepeletier, 1841 | INV13375 | IBIHM945-21 | BOLD:AAZ1205 | OR796594 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenarussula Lepeletier, 1841 | INV13408 | IBIHM978-21 | BOLD:AAZ1205 | OR795949 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenarussula Lepeletier, 1841 | INV12555 | IBIHM526-21 | BOLD:AEN8931 | OR796728 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenarussula Lepeletier, 1841 | INV12556 | IBIHM527-21 | BOLD:AEN8931 | OR796861 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenarussula Lepeletier, 1841 | INV12557 | IBIHM528-21 | BOLD:AEN8931 | OR796074 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenasaxonica E.Stöckhert, 1935 | INV12636 | IBIHM1037-22 | BOLD:AEO3917 | OR796266 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaschencki Morawitz, 1866 | INV13225 | IBIHM796-21 | BOLD:AEO3916 | OR796322 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenasenecionis Pérez, 1895 | INV12554 | IBIHM525-21 | BOLD:AEN9475 | OR796568 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenasenecionis Pérez, 1895 | INV13187 | IBIHM758-21 | BOLD:AEN9475 | OR796757 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaspreta Pérez, 1895 | INV12560 | IBIHM531-21 | BOLD:ABA7470 | OR796803 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaspreta Pérez, 1895 | INV12561 | IBIHM532-21 | BOLD:ABA7470 | OR796844 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaspreta Pérez, 1895 | INV12562 | IBIHM533-21 | BOLD:ABA7470 | OR796436 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaspreta Pérez, 1895 | INV12565 | IBIHM536-21 | BOLD:ABA7470 | OR796356 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaspreta Pérez, 1895 | INV13190 | IBIHM761-21 | BOLD:ABA7470 | OR796876 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaspreta Pérez, 1895 | INV13415 | IBIHM985-21 | BOLD:ABA7470 | OR796057 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaspreta Pérez, 1895 | INV13416 | IBIHM986-21 | BOLD:ABA7470 | OR796676 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenasuerinensis Friese, 1884 | INV12566 | IBIHM537-21 | BOLD:AEO0042 | OR796364 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenasuerinensis Friese, 1884 | INV12567 | IBIHM538-21 | BOLD:AEO0042 | OR796618 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenasynadelpha Perkins, 1914 | INV12568 | IBIHM539-21 | BOLD:ACQ8363 | OR796754 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenasynadelpha Perkins, 1914 | INV12569 | IBIHM540-21 | BOLD:ACQ8363 | OR796617 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenatenuistriata Pérez, 1895 | INV12570 | IBIHM541-21 | BOLD:AEO5588' | OR796070 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenatenuistriata Pérez, 1895 | INV13197 | IBIHM768-21 | BOLD:AEO5588' | OR796461 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenathoracica (Fabricius, 1775) | INV12571 | IBIHM542-21 | BOLD:AAE1815 | OR795911 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenathoracica (Fabricius, 1775) | INV13159 | IBIHM730-21 | BOLD:AAE1815 | OR796489 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenathoracica (Fabricius, 1775) | INV13160 | IBIHM731-21 | BOLD:AAE1815 | OR796023 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenathoracica (Fabricius, 1775) | INV13391 | IBIHM961-21 | BOLD:AAE1815 | OR796668 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenatrimmerana (Kirby, 1802) | INV12640 | IBIHM1041-22 | BOLD:AAD2472 | OR796778 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenatrimmerana (Kirby, 1802) | INV13170 | IBIHM741-21 | BOLD:AAD2472 | OR796441 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenatruncatilabris Morawitz, 1877 | INV12641 | IBIHM1042-22 | BOLD:AEO1242 | OR795998 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenavariabilis Smith, 1853 | INV12572 | IBIHM543-21 | BOLD:AEK5331 | OR796637 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaventricosa Dours, 1873 | INV12573 | IBIHM544-21 | BOLD:AEK6031 | OR796830 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenaverticalis Pérez, 1895 | INV12650 | IBIHM1051-22 | BOLD:AEN0289 | OR796479 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenavetula Lepeletier, 1841 | INV12831 | IBIHM1232-22 | BOLD:AEO0268 | OR796124 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenavillipes Pérez, 1895 | INV12574 | IBIHM545-21 | BOLD:AEO1830 | OR795991 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenavillipes Pérez, 1895 | INV12819 | IBIHM1220-22 | BOLD:AEO1830 | OR796796 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenavillipes Pérez, 1895 | INV12820 | IBIHM1221-22 | BOLD:AEO1830 | OR796205 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenavulcana Dours, 1873 | INV12815 | IBIHM1216-22 | BOLD:AES1212' | OR796672 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenavulcana Dours, 1873 | INV12816 | IBIHM1217-22 | BOLD:AES1212' | OR796049 |
| Andrenidae | Andrenawilkella (Kirby, 1802) | INV12576 | IBIHM547-21 | BOLD:AAA8959 | OR796493 |
| Andrenidae | Flavipanurgusgranadensis (Warncke, 1987) | INV12377 | IBIHM448-21 | BOLD:AEO4846 | OR796833 |
| Andrenidae | Flavipanurgusgranadensis (Warncke, 1987) | INV12376 | IBIHM447-21 | BOLD:AEO4847' | OR796866 |
| Andrenidae | Flavipanurguskastiliensis (Warncke, 1985)# | INV13322 | IBIHM892-21 | BOLD:AEO4911 | OR796378 |
| Andrenidae | Halopanurgusbaldocki (Wood & Cross, 2017)# | INV12378 | IBIHM449-21 | BOLD:AEO5533' | OR796744 |
| Andrenidae | Melitturgacaudata Pérez, 1879# | INV12364 | IBIHM435-21 | BOLD:AEO3399' | OR796657 |
| Andrenidae | Panurginusalbopilosus (Lucas, 1849)# | INV12372 | IBIHM443-21 | BOLD:AEN9481' | OR796143 |
| Andrenidae | Panurginusalbopilosus (Lucas, 1849)# | INV12373 | IBIHM444-21 | BOLD:AEN9481' | OR796546 |
| Andrenidae | Panurginusalbopilosus (Lucas, 1849)# | INV12374 | IBIHM445-21 | BOLD:AEN9481' | OR796113 |
| Andrenidae | Panurgusbanksianus (Kirby, 1802) | INV12379 | IBIHM450-21 | BOLD:AAO8748 | OR796587 |
| Andrenidae | Panurgusbanksianus (Kirby, 1802) | INV13324 | IBIHM894-21 | BOLD:AAO8748 | OR796543 |
| Andrenidae | Panurguscalcaratus (Scopoli, 1763) | INV01510 | IBIHM025-19 | BOLD:ADD7208 | OR796789 |
| Andrenidae | Panurguscalcaratus (Scopoli, 1763) | INV01526 | IBIHM027-19 | BOLD:ADD7208 | OR796501 |
| Andrenidae | Panurguscalcaratus (Scopoli, 1763) | INV01530 | IBIHM028-19 | BOLD:ADD7208 | OR796361 |
| Andrenidae | Panurguscalcaratus (Scopoli, 1763) | INV01540 | IBIHM029-19 | BOLD:ADD7208 | OR796025 |
| Andrenidae | Panurguscalcaratus (Scopoli, 1763) | INV01550 | IBIHM031-19 | BOLD:ADD7208 | OR796209 |
| Andrenidae | Panurguscalcaratus (Scopoli, 1763) | INV01557 | IBIHM033-19 | BOLD:ADD7208 | OR796252 |
| Andrenidae | Panurguscalcaratus (Scopoli, 1763) | INV01567 | IBIHM035-19 | BOLD:ADD7208 | OR796169 |
| Andrenidae | Panurguscalcaratus (Scopoli, 1763) | INV12380 | IBIHM451-21 | BOLD:ADD7208 | OR796931 |
| Andrenidae | Panurguscalcaratus (Scopoli, 1763) | INV13323 | IBIHM893-21 | BOLD:ADD7208 | OR796698 |
| Andrenidae | Panurguscanescens Latreille, 1811# | INV12798 | IBIHM1199-22 | BOLD:AES8898' | OR795952 |
| Andrenidae | Panurguscanescens Latreille, 1811# | INV12799 | IBIHM1200-22 | BOLD:AES8898' | OR795986 |
| Andrenidae | Panurguscephalotes Latreille, 1811# | INV12375 | IBIHM446-21 | BOLD:AEO4429' | OR795946 |
| Andrenidae | Panurguscephalotes Latreille, 1811# | INV13200 | IBIHM771-21 | BOLD:AEO4429' | OR796316 |
| Andrenidae | Panurguscephalotes Latreille, 1811# | INV13201 | IBIHM772-21 | BOLD:AEO4429' | OR796106 |
| Andrenidae | Panurguscephalotes Latreille, 1811# | INV13202 | IBIHM773-21 | BOLD:AEO4429' | OR796537 |
| Andrenidae | Panurguscephalotes Latreille, 1811# | INV13328 | IBIHM898-21 | BOLD:AEO4429' | OR796155 |
| Andrenidae | Panurgusdargius Warncke, 1972# | INV12369 | IBIHM440-21 | BOLD:AEO3268' | OR796741 |
| Andrenidae | Panurgusperezi Saunders, 1882# | INV12382 | IBIHM453-21 | BOLD:AEO3269' | OR796449 |
| Andrenidae | Panurgusperezi Saunders, 1882# | INV13203 | IBIHM774-21 | BOLD:AEO3269' | OR796573 |
| Andrenidae | Panurgusperezi Saunders, 1882# | INV13204 | IBIHM775-21 | BOLD:AEO3269' | OR795992 |
| Andrenidae | Panurgusperezi Saunders, 1882# | INV13205 | IBIHM776-21 | BOLD:AEO3269' | OR796150 |
| Apidae | Amegillaalbigena (Lepeletier, 1841) | INV12150 | IBIHM221-21 | BOLD:AEL4482 | OR795951 |
| Apidae | Amegillaalbigena (Lepeletier, 1841) | INV12149 | IBIHM220-21 | BOLD:AEO2968 | OR796701 |
| Apidae | Amegillaalbigena (Lepeletier, 1841) | INV13344 | IBIHM914-21 | BOLD:AEO2968 | OR796696 |
| Apidae | Amegillafasciata (Fabricius, 1775) | INV12151 | IBIHM222-21 | BOLD:AEN9315 | OR795963 |
| Apidae | Amegillaquadrifasciata (de Villers, 1789) | INV12152 | IBIHM223-21 | BOLD:ABX1552 | OR796854 |
| Apidae | Amegillasavignyi (Lepeletier, 1841) | INV12468 | IBIHM1321-22 | BOLD:AEU2956 | OR796202 |
| Apidae | Ammobatesmuticus Spinola, 1843 | INV12013 | IBIHM084-21 | BOLD:AEO2733 | OR796197 |
| Apidae | Ammobatesmuticus Spinola, 1843 | INV12014 | IBIHM085-21 | BOLD:AEO2733 | OR796670 |
| Apidae | Ammobatesmuticus Spinola, 1843 | INV12015 | IBIHM086-21 | BOLD:AEO2733 | OR796112 |
| Apidae | Ammobatespunctatus (Fabricius, 1804) | INV12030 | IBIHM101-21 | BOLD:AAC7051 | OR796870 |
| Apidae | Ammobatoidesscriptus (Gerstäcker, 1869) | INV12028 | IBIHM099-21 | BOLD:AEO4234 | OR796004 |
| Apidae | Anthophoraaestivalis (Panzer, 1801) | INV12129 | IBIHM200-21 | BOLD:AAK2880 | OR796008 |
| Apidae | Anthophoraagama Radoszkowski, 1869 | INV12130 | IBIHM201-21 | BOLD:AEO0218 | OR796697 |
| Apidae | Anthophoraatriceps Pérez, 1879 | INV12131 | IBIHM202-21 | BOLD:AEO3578 | OR796507 |
| Apidae | Anthophoraatroalba Lepeletier, 1841 | INV12132 | IBIHM203-21 | BOLD:AER1825 | OR796230 |
| Apidae | Anthophorabalneorum Lepeletier, 1841 | INV12133 | IBIHM204-21 | BOLD:AEN8225' | OR796118 |
| Apidae | Anthophorabimaculata (Panzer, 1798) | INV12134 | IBIHM205-21 | BOLD:AAJ2426 | OR796067 |
| Apidae | Anthophorabimaculata (Panzer, 1798) | INV13332 | IBIHM902-21 | BOLD:AAJ2426 | OR796528 |
| Apidae | Anthophorabimaculata (Panzer, 1798) | INV15650 | IBIHY001-22 | BOLD:AAJ2426 | OR796881 |
| Apidae | Anthophorabimaculata (Panzer, 1798) | INV15661 | IBIHY005-22 | BOLD:AAJ2426 | OR796319 |
| Apidae | Anthophorabimaculata (Panzer, 1798) | INV15665 | IBIHY009-22 | BOLD:AAJ2426 | OR795923 |
| Apidae | Anthophorabimaculata (Panzer, 1798) | INV15667 | IBIHY010-22 | BOLD:AAJ2426 | OR796624 |
| Apidae | Anthophorabimaculata (Panzer, 1798) | INV15681 | IBIHY023-22 | BOLD:AAJ2426 | OR796782 |
| Apidae | Anthophoracrassipes Lepeletier, 1841 | INV12135 | IBIHM206-21 | BOLD:AEN9016 | OR796093 |
| Apidae | Anthophoracrinipes Smith, 1854 | INV12136 | IBIHM207-21 | BOLD:ADK6129 | OR796500 |
| Apidae | Anthophoracrinipes Smith, 1854 | INV13331 | IBIHM901-21 | BOLD:ADK6129 | OR796452 |
| Apidae | Anthophoradispar Lepeletier, 1841 | INV12137 | IBIHM208-21 | BOLD:AEO5509 | OR796028 |
| Apidae | Anthophoradispar Lepeletier, 1841 | INV13330 | IBIHM900-21 | BOLD:AEO5509 | OR795975 |
| Apidae | Anthophorafemorata (Olivier, 1789) | INV12142 | IBIHM213-21 | BOLD:ADD5374 | OR796890 |
| Apidae | Anthophorafulvitarsis Brullé, 1832 | INV12138 | IBIHM209-21 | BOLD:AEO0884 | OR796359 |
| Apidae | Anthophorafulvodimidiata Dours, 1869 | INV12139 | IBIHM210-21 | BOLD:AEO1252 | OR796163 |
| Apidae | Anthophorafurcata (Panzer, 1798) | INV12141 | IBIHM212-21 | BOLD:AAC5304 | OR796405 |
| Apidae | Anthophoragallica (Dalla Torre & Friese, 1895) | INV12140 | IBIHM211-21 | BOLD:AEO4497 | OR796718 |
| Apidae | Anthophoragallica (Dalla Torre & Friese, 1895) | INV12143 | IBIHM214-21 | BOLD:AEO4497 | OR796370 |
| Apidae | Anthophorahispanica (Fabricius, 1787) | INV12153 | IBIHM224-21 | BOLD:AEO5858' | OR796469 |
| Apidae | Anthophorahispanica (Fabricius, 1787) | INV13329 | IBIHM899-21 | BOLD:AEO5858' | OR796257 |
| Apidae | Anthophoraleucophaea Pérez, 1879 | INV12469 | IBIHM1322-22 | BOLD:AEN6387 | OR796621 |
| Apidae | Anthophoramucida Gribodo, 1873 | INV12144 | IBIHM215-21 | BOLD:AEO0770 | OR796368 |
| Apidae | Anthophoraplumipes (Pallas, 1772) | INV12146 | IBIHM217-21 | BOLD:AEN8725 | OR796306 |
| Apidae | Anthophoraplumipes (Pallas, 1772) | INV13015 | IBIHM586-21 | BOLD:AEN8725 | OR796367 |
| Apidae | Anthophoraplumipes (Pallas, 1772) | INV13013 | IBIHM584-21 | BOLD:AEO1358 | OR796547 |
| Apidae | Anthophorapodagra Lepeletier, 1841 | INV12145 | IBIHM216-21 | BOLD:AEO2867 | OR796574 |
| Apidae | Anthophoraretusa (Linnaeus, 1758) | INV12147 | IBIHM218-21 | BOLD:ACD9731 | OR796280 |
| Apidae | Anthophoraretusa (Linnaeus, 1758) | INV13014 | IBIHM585-21 | BOLD:ACD9731 | OR796327 |
| Apidae | Anthophoraretusa (Linnaeus, 1758) | INV13016 | IBIHM587-21 | BOLD:ACD9731 | OR796227 |
| Apidae | Anthophorarobusta (Klug, 1845) | INV12148 | IBIHM219-21 | BOLD:AEO3449' | OR796191 |
| Apidae | Apismellifera Linnaeus, 1758 | INV01913 | IBIHM040-19 | BOLD:AAA2326 | OR796894 |
| Apidae | Apismellifera Linnaeus, 1758 | INV04881 | IBIHM061-19 | BOLD:AAA2326 | OR796077 |
| Apidae | Apismellifera Linnaeus, 1758 | INV13041 | IBIHM612-21 | BOLD:AAA2326 | OR796534 |
| Apidae | Apismellifera Linnaeus, 1758 | INV13042 | IBIHM613-21 | BOLD:AAA2326 | OR796172 |
| Apidae | Bombusbarbutellus (Kirby, 1802) | INV12154 | IBIHM225-21 | BOLD:AAF7051 | OR795945 |
| Apidae | Bombuscampestris (Panzer, 1801) | INV12155 | IBIHM226-21 | BOLD:AAD8221 | OR796002 |
| Apidae | Bombushortorum (Linnaeus, 1761) | INV08813 | IBIHM065-20 | BOLD:AAD2566 | OR796294 |
| Apidae | Bombushortorum (Linnaeus, 1761) | INV13005 | IBIHM576-21 | BOLD:AAD2566 | OR795929 |
| Apidae | Bombushortorum (Linnaeus, 1761) | INV13006 | IBIHM577-21 | BOLD:AAD2566 | OR796835 |
| Apidae | Bombushortorum (Linnaeus, 1761) | INV15676 | IBIHY019-22 | BOLD:AAD2566 | OR796174 |
| Apidae | Bombushumilis Illiger, 1806 | INV12470 | IBIHM1323-22 | BOLD:ABY7210 | OR796485 |
| Apidae | Bombuslapidarius (Linnaeus, 1758) | INV12175 | IBIHM246-21 | BOLD:AEF7156 | OR796287 |
| Apidae | Bombusmuscorum (Linnaeus, 1758) | INV12472 | IBIHM1325-22 | BOLD:AAD8159 | OR796064 |
| Apidae | Bombusmuscorum (Linnaeus, 1758) | INV12473 | IBIHM1326-22 | BOLD:AAD8159 | OR796795 |
| Apidae | Bombuspascuorum (Scopoli, 1763) | INV12156 | IBIHM227-21 | BOLD:AAC4378 | OR796627 |
| Apidae | Bombuspascuorum (Scopoli, 1763) | INV12159 | IBIHM230-21 | BOLD:AAC4378 | OR795916 |
| Apidae | Bombuspascuorum (Scopoli, 1763) | INV13007 | IBIHM578-21 | BOLD:AAC4378 | OR796775 |
| Apidae | Bombuspascuorum (Scopoli, 1763) | INV13008 | IBIHM579-21 | BOLD:AAC4378 | OR796317 |
| Apidae | Bombuspascuorum (Scopoli, 1763) | INV13009 | IBIHM580-21 | BOLD:AAC4378 | OR796199 |
| Apidae | Bombuspascuorum (Scopoli, 1763) | INV13010 | IBIHM581-21 | BOLD:AAC4378 | OR796654 |
| Apidae | Bombuspascuorum (Scopoli, 1763) | INV13038 | IBIHM609-21 | BOLD:AAC4378 | OR796132 |
| Apidae | Bombuspascuorum (Scopoli, 1763) | INV13039 | IBIHM610-21 | BOLD:AAC4378 | OR796646 |
| Apidae | Bombuspratorum (Linnaeus, 1761) | INV12157 | IBIHM228-21 | BOLD:AAD4735 | OR796816 |
| Apidae | Bombuspratorum (Linnaeus, 1761) | INV13001 | IBIHM572-21 | BOLD:AAD4735 | OR796607 |
| Apidae | Bombusruderatus (Fabricius, 1775) | INV02336 | IBIHM018-19 | BOLD:AAJ7737 | OR795958 |
| Apidae | Bombusruderatus (Fabricius, 1775) | INV12158 | IBIHM229-21 | BOLD:AAJ7737 | OR796611 |
| Apidae | Bombussylvarum (Linnaeus, 1761) | INV12177 | IBIHM248-21 | BOLD:AAD2551 | OR796379 |
| Apidae | Bombusterrestris (Linnaeus, 1758) | INV12471 | IBIHM1324-22 | BOLD:AAB1062 | OR796774 |
| Apidae | Bombusterrestris (Linnaeus, 1758) | INV13000 | IBIHM571-21 | BOLD:AAB1062 | OR796798 |
| Apidae | Bombusterrestris (Linnaeus, 1758) | INV13002 | IBIHM573-21 | BOLD:AAB1062 | OR796260 |
| Apidae | Bombusterrestris (Linnaeus, 1758) | INV13003 | IBIHM574-21 | BOLD:AAB1062 | OR796592 |
| Apidae | Bombusterrestris (Linnaeus, 1758) | INV13004 | IBIHM575-21 | BOLD:AAB1062 | OR796269 |
| Apidae | Bombusterrestris (Linnaeus, 1758) | INV13011 | IBIHM582-21 | BOLD:AAB1062 | OR796107 |
| Apidae | Bombusterrestris (Linnaeus, 1758) | INV13234 | IBIHM804-21 | BOLD:AAB1062 | OR796239 |
| Apidae | Bombusvestalis (Geoffroy, 1785) | INV09330 | IBIHM070-20 | BOLD:AAI8745 | OR796818 |
| Apidae | Bombusvestalis (Geoffroy, 1785) | INV12160 | IBIHM231-21 | BOLD:AAI8745 | OR796909 |
| Apidae | Bombusvestalis (Geoffroy, 1785) | INV13233 | IBIHM803-21 | BOLD:AAI8745 | OR796815 |
| Apidae | Ceratinacallosa (Fabricius, 1794)# | INV12162 | IBIHM233-21 | BOLD:AEN0370 | OR796945 |
| Apidae | Ceratinachalcites Germar, 1839 | INV12165 | IBIHM236-21 | BOLD:ACM3088 | OR796839 |
| Apidae | Ceratinachalcites Germar, 1839 | INV13258 | IBIHM828-21 | BOLD:ACM3088 | OR796036 |
| Apidae | Ceratinachalybea Chevrier, 1872 | INV12164 | IBIHM235-21 | BOLD:AAW6323 | OR795927 |
| Apidae | Ceratinacucurbitina (Rossi, 1792) | INV12163 | IBIHM234-21 | BOLD:AAO0285 | OR796251 |
| Apidae | Ceratinacucurbitina (Rossi, 1792) | INV13037 | IBIHM608-21 | BOLD:AAO0285 | OR796824 |
| Apidae | Ceratinacucurbitina (Rossi, 1792) | INV13214 | IBIHM785-21 | BOLD:AAO0285 | OR796954 |
| Apidae | Ceratinacucurbitina (Rossi, 1792) | INV15669 | IBIHY012-22 | BOLD:AAO0285 | OR796797 |
| Apidae | Ceratinacyanea (Kirby, 1802) | INV02339 | IBIHM046-19 | BOLD:AAE9812 | OR796425 |
| Apidae | Ceratinacyanea (Kirby, 1802) | INV12170 | IBIHM241-21 | BOLD:AAE9812 | OR796723 |
| Apidae | Ceratinacyanea (Kirby, 1802) | INV13034 | IBIHM605-21 | BOLD:AAE9812 | OR796828 |
| Apidae | Ceratinacyanea (Kirby, 1802) | INV13215 | IBIHM786-21 | BOLD:AAE9812 | OR796552 |
| Apidae | Ceratinacyanea (Kirby, 1802) | INV13216 | IBIHM787-21 | BOLD:AAE9812 | OR796259 |
| Apidae | Ceratinacyanea (Kirby, 1802) | INV13252 | IBIHM822-21 | BOLD:AAE9812 | OR796823 |
| Apidae | Ceratinacyanea (Kirby, 1802) | INV13254 | IBIHM824-21 | BOLD:AAE9812 | OR795924 |
| Apidae | Ceratinadallatorreana Friese, 1896 | INV12169 | IBIHM240-21 | BOLD:ADF8180 | OR796186 |
| Apidae | Ceratinadallatorreana Friese, 1896 | INV13035 | IBIHM606-21 | BOLD:ADF8180 | OR796583 |
| Apidae | Ceratinadallatorreana Friese, 1896 | INV13255 | IBIHM825-21 | BOLD:ADF8180 | OR796684 |
| Apidae | Ceratinagravidula Gerstäcker, 1869 | INV12161 | IBIHM232-21 | BOLD:AEA2549 | OR796616 |
| Apidae | Ceratinamocsaryi Friese, 1896 | INV12167 | IBIHM238-21 | BOLD:AEO3844 | OR796766 |
| Apidae | Ceratinamocsaryi Friese, 1896 | INV13253 | IBIHM823-21 | BOLD:AEO3844 | OR796608 |
| Apidae | Ceratinamocsaryi Friese, 1896 | INV13257 | IBIHM827-21 | BOLD:AEO3844 | OR796376 |
| Apidae | Ceratinanigrolabiata Friese, 1896 | INV12474 | IBIHM1327-22 | BOLD:ACG0777 | OR796448 |
| Apidae | Ceratinanigrolabiata Friese, 1896 | INV12475 | IBIHM1328-22 | BOLD:ACG0777 | OR796678 |
| Apidae | Ceratinanigrolabiata Friese, 1896 | INV13256 | IBIHM826-21 | BOLD:ACG0777 | OR796868 |
| Apidae | Ceratinaparvula Smith, 1854 | INV12166 | IBIHM237-21 | BOLD:AEO2595' | OR796596 |
| Apidae | Ceratinasaundersi Daly, 1983# | INV12176 | IBIHM247-21 | BOLD:AEO3675' | OR796877 |
| Apidae | Epeoluscrucigermarginatus Bischoff, 1930 | INV12012 | IBIHM083-21 | BOLD:AAN3663 | OR796946 |
| Apidae | Epeoluscruciger (Panzer, 1799) | INV12462 | IBIHM1315-22 | BOLD:AAN3663 | OR796164 |
| Apidae | Epeolusintermedius Pérez, 1884 | INV12464 | IBIHM1317-22 | BOLD:AAJ0611 | OR796091 |
| Apidae | Epeolusintermedius Pérez, 1884 | INV12467 | IBIHM1320-22 | BOLD:AAJ0611 | OR795988 |
| Apidae | Epeolusjulliani Pérez, 1884 | INV12463 | IBIHM1316-22 | BOLD:ACD1277 | OR796659 |
| Apidae | Epeolusvariegatus (Linnaeus, 1758) | INV12466 | IBIHM1319-22 | BOLD:AAJ0611 | OR796525 |
| Apidae | Eucerabarbiventris Pérez, 1902# | INV12100 | IBIHM171-21 | BOLD:AEN2742 | OR796562 |
| Apidae | Eucerabarbiventris Pérez, 1902# | INV13239 | IBIHM809-21 | BOLD:AEN2742 | OR796912 |
| Apidae | Eucerachrysopyga Pérez, 1879 | INV12114 | IBIHM185-21 | BOLD:ABV4745 | OR796487 |
| Apidae | Eucerachrysopyga Pérez, 1879 | INV13017 | IBIHM588-21 | BOLD:ABV4745 | OR796235 |
| Apidae | Eucerachrysopyga Pérez, 1879 | INV13021 | IBIHM592-21 | BOLD:ABV4745 | OR796079 |
| Apidae | Euceracollaris Dours, 1873 | INV12104 | IBIHM175-21 | BOLD:AEO1485' | OR796413 |
| Apidae | Euceracollaris Dours, 1873 | INV13237 | IBIHM807-21 | BOLD:AEO1485' | OR796855 |
| Apidae | Euceradalmatica Lepeletier, 1841 | INV13235 | IBIHM805-21 | BOLD:ADE3334 | OR795980 |
| Apidae | Euceradalmatica Lepeletier, 1841 | INV13236 | IBIHM806-21 | BOLD:ADE3334 | OR796856 |
| Apidae | Euceraelongatula Vachal, 1907 | INV12108 | IBIHM179-21 | BOLD:ABU9563 | OR796076 |
| Apidae | Euceraelongatula Vachal, 1907 | INV12109 | IBIHM180-21 | BOLD:ABU9563 | OR796825 |
| Apidae | Euceraelongatula Vachal, 1907 | INV13241 | IBIHM811-21 | BOLD:ABU9563 | OR796516 |
| Apidae | Euceraelongatula Vachal, 1907 | INV13242 | IBIHM812-21 | BOLD:ABU9563 | OR796786 |
| Apidae | Euceraeucnemidea Dours, 1873 | INV12110 | IBIHM181-21 | BOLD:AEO0071' | OR796893 |
| Apidae | Euceraeucnemidea Dours, 1873 | INV12111 | IBIHM182-21 | BOLD:AEO0071' | OR796875 |
| Apidae | Eucerahispana Lepeletier, 1841# | INV12116 | IBIHM187-21 | BOLD:AEO1591' | OR796391 |
| Apidae | Eucerahungarica Friese, 1895 | INV12099 | IBIHM170-21 | BOLD:AAL4610 | OR796898 |
| Apidae | Euceraiberica (Dusmet y Alonso 1926) | INV13251 | IBIHM821-21 | BOLD:AER1385' | OR795982 |
| Apidae | Eucerainterrupta Bär, 1850 | INV12118 | IBIHM189-21 | BOLD:ABZ4791 | OR796865 |
| Apidae | Euceralongicornis (Linnaeus, 1758) | INV12115 | IBIHM186-21 | BOLD:ABZ4790 | OR796805 |
| Apidae | Euceralongicornis (Linnaeus, 1758) | INV12482 | IBIHM1335-22 | BOLD:ABZ4790 | OR796183 |
| Apidae | Euceralongicornis (Linnaeus, 1758) | INV12483 | IBIHM1336-22 | BOLD:ABZ4790 | OR796957 |
| Apidae | Euceralongicornis (Linnaeus, 1758) | INV13238 | IBIHM808-21 | BOLD:ABZ4790 | OR796431 |
| Apidae | Euceranigrescens Pérez, 1879 | INV12105 | IBIHM176-21 | BOLD:ABZ2397 | OR796395 |
| Apidae | Euceranigrescens Pérez, 1879 | INV13240 | IBIHM810-21 | BOLD:ABZ2397 | OR796255 |
| Apidae | Euceranigrescens Pérez, 1879 | INV13246 | IBIHM816-21 | BOLD:ABZ2397 | OR795989 |
| Apidae | Euceranigrescens Pérez, 1879 | INV13248 | IBIHM818-21 | BOLD:ABZ2397 | OR796872 |
| Apidae | Euceranigrescens Pérez, 1879 | INV13250 | IBIHM820-21 | BOLD:ABZ2397 | OR796333 |
| Apidae | Euceranigrifacies Lepeletier, 1841 | INV12120 | IBIHM191-21 | BOLD:AER1612' | OR795899 |
| Apidae | Euceranigrilabris Lepeletier, 1841 | INV12121 | IBIHM192-21 | BOLD:AEM9739 | OR796302 |
| Apidae | Euceranigrilabris Lepeletier, 1841 | INV13019 | IBIHM590-21 | BOLD:AEM9739 | OR796072 |
| Apidae | Euceranigrilabris Lepeletier, 1841 | INV13020 | IBIHM591-21 | BOLD:AEM9739 | OR795907 |
| Apidae | Euceranotata Lepeletier, 1841# | INV12122 | IBIHM193-21 | BOLD:AEN4764 | OR796709 |
| Apidae | Euceranotata Lepeletier, 1841# | INV13244 | IBIHM814-21 | BOLD:AEN4764 | OR796384 |
| Apidae | Euceranotata Lepeletier, 1841# | INV13245 | IBIHM815-21 | BOLD:AEN4764 | OR796357 |
| Apidae | Euceranumida Lepeletier, 1841 | INV12123 | IBIHM194-21 | BOLD:AEA1287 | OR796729 |
| Apidae | Euceraproxima Morawitz, 1875 | INV12832 | IBIHM1233-22 | BOLD:AAI4916 | OR796770 |
| Apidae | Euceraproxima Morawitz, 1875 | INV12833 | IBIHM1234-22 | BOLD:AAI4916 | OR796908 |
| Apidae | Eucerapunctatissima Pérez, 1895# | INV12834 | IBIHM1235-22 | BOLD:AET2033' | OR796940 |
| Apidae | Eucerapunctatissima Pérez, 1895# | INV12835 | IBIHM1236-22 | BOLD:AET2033' | OR795939 |
| Apidae | Eucerarufa (Lepeletier, 1841) | INV12124 | IBIHM195-21 | BOLD:ADZ9496 | OR796720 |
| Apidae | Euceraruficollis (Brullé, 1832) | INV12098 | IBIHM169-21 | BOLD:AEM7547 | OR796148 |
| Apidae | Eucerataurica Morawitz, 1870 | INV12126 | IBIHM197-21 | BOLD:AEK9612 | OR796182 |
| Apidae | Euceratricincta Erichson, 1835# | INV12127 | IBIHM198-21 | BOLD:AEO1994' | OR796080 |
| Apidae | Melectaalbifrons (Forster, 1771) | INV12002 | IBIHM073-21 | BOLD:ACR2895 | OR796340 |
| Apidae | Melectaalbifrons (Forster, 1771) | INV12003 | IBIHM074-21 | BOLD:ACR2895 | OR796141 |
| Apidae | Melectafestiva Lieftinck, 1980# | INV13336 | IBIHM906-21 | OR796751 | |
| Apidae | Melecta sp. | INV12001 | IBIHM072-21 | BOLD:AEO2855 | OR796791 |
| Apidae | Nomadaagrestis Fabricius, 1787 | INV12035 | IBIHM106-21 | BOLD:AEN9589 | OR796773 |
| Apidae | Nomadaagrestis Fabricius, 1787 | INV13265 | IBIHM835-21 | BOLD:AEN9589 | OR796836 |
| Apidae | Nomadabasalis Herrich-Schäffer, 1839 | INV13270 | IBIHM840-21 | BOLD:AEK6178 | OR796576 |
| Apidae | Nomadabasalis Herrich-Schäffer, 1839 | INV12036 | IBIHM107-21 | BOLD:AEN3462 | OR796691 |
| Apidae | Nomadabasalis Herrich-Schäffer, 1839 | INV12037 | IBIHM108-21 | BOLD:AEO4155' | OR796398 |
| Apidae | Nomadabasalis Herrich-Schäffer, 1839 | INV12038 | IBIHM109-21 | BOLD:AEO4155' | OR796767 |
| Apidae | Nomadabasalis Herrich-Schäffer, 1839 | INV12039 | IBIHM110-21 | BOLD:AEO4155' | OR795917 |
| Apidae | Nomadabeaumonti Schwarz, 1967 | INV12041 | IBIHM112-21 | BOLD:AEO4341 | OR796899 |
| Apidae | Nomadabifasciata Olivier, 1811 | INV12040 | IBIHM111-21 | BOLD:AAE5755 | OR795993 |
| Apidae | Nomadabifasciata Olivier, 1811 | INV12054 | IBIHM125-21 | BOLD:AAE5755 | OR796048 |
| Apidae | Nomadabifasciata Olivier, 1811 | INV12055 | IBIHM126-21 | BOLD:AAE5755 | OR796033 |
| Apidae | Nomadabifasciata Olivier, 1811 | INV13025 | IBIHM596-21 | BOLD:AAE5755 | OR796641 |
| Apidae | Nomadabluethgeni Stoeckhert, 1943 | INV12608 | IBIHM1009-22 | BOLD:AES2302 | OR796419 |
| Apidae | Nomadabluethgeni Stoeckhert, 1943 | INV12609 | IBIHM1010-22 | BOLD:AES2302 | OR796527 |
| Apidae | Nomadacarnifex Mocsáry, 1883 | INV12042 | IBIHM113-21 | BOLD:AEO0078 | OR796582 |
| Apidae | Nomadacarnifex Mocsáry, 1883 | INV12043 | IBIHM114-21 | BOLD:AEO0078 | OR796575 |
| Apidae | Nomadaconjungens Herrich-Schäffer, 1839 | INV12606 | IBIHM1007-22 | BOLD:AER6266' | OR796630 |
| Apidae | Nomadaconjungens Herrich-Schäffer, 1839 | INV13024 | IBIHM595-21 | BOLD:AER6266' | OR796943 |
| Apidae | Nomadacorcyraea Schmiedeknecht, 1882# | INV12845 | IBIHM1246-22 | BOLD:AEO6156 | OR796137 |
| Apidae | Nomadacristata Pérez, 1896# | INV12044 | IBIHM115-21 | BOLD:AEO1919' | OR795922 |
| Apidae | Nomadadira Schmiedeknecht, 1882# | INV12045 | IBIHM116-21 | BOLD:AEN3179 | OR795964 |
| Apidae | Nomadadiscrepans Schmiedeknecht, 1882 | INV12048 | IBIHM119-21 | BOLD:AEN8935' | OR796695 |
| Apidae | Nomadadiscrepans Schmiedeknecht, 1882 | INV13259 | IBIHM829-21 | BOLD:AEN8935' | OR796009 |
| Apidae | Nomadadiscrepans Schmiedeknecht, 1882 | INV13260 | IBIHM830-21 | BOLD:AEN8935' | OR796323 |
| Apidae | Nomadadistinguenda Morawitz, 1874 | INV13023 | IBIHM594-21 | BOLD:ACY0250 | OR796567 |
| Apidae | Nomadadistinguenda Morawitz, 1874 | INV13027 | IBIHM598-21 | BOLD:ACY0250 | OR796090 |
| Apidae | Nomadadistinguenda Morawitz, 1874 | INV12602 | IBIHM1003-22 | BOLD:AET5764' | OR796083 |
| Apidae | Nomadaduplex Smith, 1854# | INV12049 | IBIHM120-21 | BOLD:AEO0073' | OR796114 |
| Apidae | Nomadaduplex Smith, 1854# | INV13264 | IBIHM834-21 | BOLD:AEO0073' | OR796760 |
| Apidae | Nomadafallax Pérez, 1913 | INV12611 | IBIHM1012-22 | BOLD:AEW3802' | OR796010 |
| Apidae | Nomadafallax Pérez, 1913 | INV12612 | IBIHM1013-22 | BOLD:AEW3802' | OR796435 |
| Apidae | Nomadafallax Pérez, 1913 | INV12844 | IBIHM1245-22 | BOLD:AEW3802' | OR796400 |
| Apidae | Nomadafallax Pérez, 1913 | INV13268 | IBIHM838-21 | BOLD:AEW3802' | OR796892 |
| Apidae | Nomadafemoralis Morawitz, 1869 | INV12052 | IBIHM123-21 | BOLD:AAI2830 | OR796271 |
| Apidae | Nomadafemoralis Morawitz, 1869 | INV12053 | IBIHM124-21 | BOLD:AEO6156 | OR796559 |
| Apidae | Nomadafemoralis Morawitz, 1869 | INV13028 | IBIHM599-21 | BOLD:AEO6156 | OR796372 |
| Apidae | Nomadafenestrata Lepeletier, 1841# | INV12837 | IBIHM1238-22 | BOLD:AER8574' | OR796254 |
| Apidae | Nomadafenestrata Lepeletier, 1841# | INV12838 | IBIHM1239-22 | BOLD:AER8574' | OR796509 |
| Apidae | Nomadaflavoguttata (Kirby, 1802) | INV12046 | IBIHM117-21 | BOLD:AAD4959 | OR796305 |
| Apidae | Nomadaflavoguttata (Kirby, 1802) | INV12047 | IBIHM118-21 | BOLD:AAD4959 | OR796404 |
| Apidae | Nomadaflavoguttata (Kirby, 1802) | INV13033 | IBIHM604-21 | BOLD:AAD4959 | OR796386 |
| Apidae | Nomadaflavoguttata (Kirby, 1802) | INV13209 | IBIHM780-21 | BOLD:AAD4959 | OR796192 |
| Apidae | Nomadafulvicornis Fabricius, 1793 | INV12056 | IBIHM127-21 | BOLD:ACE0147 | OR796635 |
| Apidae | Nomadafulvicornis Fabricius, 1793 | INV12057 | IBIHM128-21 | BOLD:ACE0147 | OR796850 |
| Apidae | Nomadafulvicornis Fabricius, 1793 | INV13207 | IBIHM778-21 | BOLD:ACE0147 | OR795935 |
| Apidae | Nomadafuscicornis Nylander, 1848 | INV12601 | IBIHM1002-22 | BOLD:AAF3571 | OR795956 |
| Apidae | Nomadaglaucopis Pérez, 1890 | INV13263 | IBIHM833-21 | BOLD:AEJ1237 | OR795970 |
| Apidae | Nomadaglaucopis Pérez, 1890 | INV12058 | IBIHM129-21 | BOLD:AEO3423 | OR796246 |
| Apidae | Nomadaglaucopis Pérez, 1890 | INV12059 | IBIHM130-21 | BOLD:AEO3423 | OR796282 |
| Apidae | Nomadaglaucopis Pérez, 1890 | INV12078 | IBIHM149-21 | BOLD:AEO3423 | OR795948 |
| Apidae | Nomadaglaucopis Pérez, 1890 | INV12603 | IBIHM1004-22 | BOLD:AEO3423 | OR796184 |
| Apidae | Nomadagoodeniana (Kirby, 1802) | INV13026 | IBIHM597-21 | BOLD:AEB4149 | OR796347 |
| Apidae | Nomadahispanica Dusmet y Alonso, 1913# | INV12060 | IBIHM131-21 | BOLD:AAE5753 | OR796030 |
| Apidae | Nomadahispanica Dusmet y Alonso, 1913# | INV13030 | IBIHM601-21 | BOLD:AAE5753 | OR795915 |
| Apidae | Nomadaillustris Schmiedeknecht, 1882 | INV12061 | IBIHM132-21 | BOLD:AEN8381 | OR796081 |
| Apidae | Nomadaillustris Schmiedeknecht, 1882 | INV12062 | IBIHM133-21 | BOLD:AEN8381 | OR796134 |
| Apidae | Nomadaillustris Schmiedeknecht, 1882 | INV12600 | IBIHM1001-22 | BOLD:AEN8381 | OR796058 |
| Apidae | Nomadainsignipes Schmiedeknecht, 1882# | INV12063 | IBIHM134-21 | BOLD:AEL5320 | OR796742 |
| Apidae | Nomadainsignipes Schmiedeknecht, 1882# | INV12064 | IBIHM135-21 | BOLD:AEL5320 | OR796730 |
| Apidae | Nomadaintegra Brullé, 1832 | INV12065 | IBIHM136-21 | BOLD:ABZ1320 | OR796129 |
| Apidae | Nomadaintegra Brullé, 1832 | INV12095 | IBIHM166-21 | BOLD:AEN8926 | OR796937 |
| Apidae | Nomadaintegra Brullé, 1832 | INV12096 | IBIHM167-21 | BOLD:AEN8926 | OR796270 |
| Apidae | Nomadaintegra Brullé, 1832 | INV12097 | IBIHM168-21 | BOLD:AEN8926 | OR796201 |
| Apidae | Nomadaintegra Brullé, 1832 | INV13266 | IBIHM836-21 | BOLD:AEN8926 | OR796275 |
| Apidae | Nomadaintegra Brullé, 1832 | INV12066 | IBIHM137-21 | BOLD:AEO3904' | OR796826 |
| Apidae | Nomadakohli Schmiedeknecht, 1882 | INV12067 | IBIHM138-21 | BOLD:AAX4976 | OR796380 |
| Apidae | Nomadakohli Schmiedeknecht, 1882 | INV12090 | IBIHM161-21 | BOLD:AAX4976 | OR796272 |
| Apidae | Nomadalinsenmaieri Schwarz, 1974 | INV12068 | IBIHM139-21 | BOLD:AAF3571 | OR796021 |
| Apidae | Nomadalinsenmaieri Schwarz, 1974 | INV12069 | IBIHM140-21 | BOLD:AAF3571 | OR796221 |
| Apidae | Nomadalinsenmaieri Schwarz, 1974 | INV13211 | IBIHM782-21 | BOLD:AAF3571 | OR796156 |
| Apidae | Nomadalinsenmaieri Schwarz, 1974 | INV13267 | IBIHM837-21 | BOLD:AAF3571 | OR796673 |
| Apidae | Nomadamaculicornis Pérez, 1884 | INV12070 | IBIHM141-21 | BOLD:AEO4739 | OR796126 |
| Apidae | Nomadamarshamella (Kirby, 1802) | INV09254 | IBIHM067-20 | BOLD:AAC4884 | OR796390 |
| Apidae | Nomadamelathoracica Imhoff, 1834 | INV12071 | IBIHM142-21 | BOLD:AAX4983 | OR796895 |
| Apidae | Nomadamelathoracica Imhoff, 1834 | INV12072 | IBIHM143-21 | BOLD:AAX4983 | OR796185 |
| Apidae | Nomadamerceti Alfken, 1909# | INV12073 | IBIHM144-21 | BOLD:AEO1963' | OR796423 |
| Apidae | Nomadamerceti Alfken, 1909# | INV12074 | IBIHM145-21 | BOLD:AEO1963' | OR796917 |
| Apidae | Nomadamerceti Alfken, 1909# | INV12084 | IBIHM155-21 | BOLD:AEO1963' | OR796138 |
| Apidae | Nomadamerceti Alfken, 1909# | INV13210 | IBIHM781-21 | BOLD:AEO1963' | OR796735 |
| Apidae | Nomadamerceti Alfken, 1909# | INV13212 | IBIHM783-21 | BOLD:AEO1963' | OR796586 |
| Apidae | Nomadamerceti Alfken, 1909# | INV13213 | IBIHM784-21 | BOLD:AEO1963' | OR795932 |
| Apidae | Nomadaminuscula Noskiewicz, 1930 | INV12075 | IBIHM146-21 | BOLD:AAP1578 | OR796161 |
| Apidae | Nomadamutabilis Morawitz, 1870 | INV12076 | IBIHM147-21 | BOLD:AAX4985 | OR796609 |
| Apidae | Nomadanobilis Herrich-Schäffer, 1839 | INV12077 | IBIHM148-21 | BOLD:AAU8975 | OR796447 |
| Apidae | Nomadanobilis Herrich-Schäffer, 1839 | INV13262 | IBIHM832-21 | BOLD:AAU8975 | OR796171 |
| Apidae | Nomadapectoralis Morawitz, 1877 | INV12079 | IBIHM150-21 | BOLD:AEO0458 | OR796426 |
| Apidae | Nomadapiccioliana Magretti, 1883# | INV12080 | IBIHM151-21 | BOLD:AAF3496 | OR796703 |
| Apidae | Nomadapiccioliana Magretti, 1883# | INV12081 | IBIHM152-21 | BOLD:AAF3496 | OR795947 |
| Apidae | Nomadarubricoxa Schwarz, 1977# | INV12082 | IBIHM153-21 | BOLD:AEO1962' | OR796120 |
| Apidae | Nomadarubricoxa Schwarz, 1977# | INV12083 | IBIHM154-21 | BOLD:AEO1962' | OR796308 |
| Apidae | Nomadarubricoxa Schwarz, 1977# | INV12085 | IBIHM156-21 | BOLD:AEO1962' | OR796117 |
| Apidae | Nomadasanguinea Smith, 1854 | INV12086 | IBIHM157-21 | BOLD:AEN8255 | OR796588 |
| Apidae | Nomadasanguinea Smith, 1854 | INV12087 | IBIHM158-21 | BOLD:AEN8255 | OR796950 |
| Apidae | Nomadasanguinea Smith, 1854 | INV13271 | IBIHM841-21 | BOLD:AEN8255 | OR796187 |
| Apidae | Nomadasexfasciata Panzer, 1799 | INV12088 | IBIHM159-21 | BOLD:AAI2916 | OR796031 |
| Apidae | Nomadasexfasciata Panzer, 1799 | INV13269 | IBIHM839-21 | BOLD:AAI2916 | OR795973 |
| Apidae | Nomadasheppardana (Kirby, 1802) | INV12089 | IBIHM160-21 | BOLD:AAP1578 | OR796595 |
| Apidae | Nomadasimilis Morawitz, 1872 | INV12091 | IBIHM162-21 | BOLD:AEX4551' | OR796147 |
| Apidae | Nomadastigma Fabricius, 1804 | INV12092 | IBIHM163-21 | BOLD:ABA8671 | OR796450 |
| Apidae | Nomadastriata Fabricius, 1793 | INV12093 | IBIHM164-21 | BOLD:ABY7961 | OR796506 |
| Apidae | Nomadastriata Fabricius, 1793 | INV12605 | IBIHM1006-22 | BOLD:ABY7961 | OR796348 |
| Apidae | Nomadastriata Fabricius, 1793 | INV13206 | IBIHM777-21 | BOLD:ABY7961 | OR795994 |
| Apidae | Nomadastriata Fabricius, 1793 | INV13208 | IBIHM779-21 | BOLD:ABY7961 | OR796502 |
| Apidae | Nomadasuccincta Panzer, 1798 | INV12094 | IBIHM165-21 | BOLD:ABX5010 | OR796256 |
| Apidae | Nomadasuccincta Panzer, 1798 | INV13261 | IBIHM831-21 | BOLD:ABX5010 | OR796153 |
| Apidae | Pasitesmaculatus Jurine, 1807 | INV12027 | IBIHM098-21 | BOLD:AAL3976 | OR796569 |
| Apidae | Tetraloniacinctella (Saunders, 1908) | INV12102 | IBIHM173-21 | BOLD:AEN9450' | OR796857 |
| Apidae | Tetraloniadentata (Germar, 1839) | INV12107 | IBIHM178-21 | BOLD:AEO2705' | OR796915 |
| Apidae | Tetraloniafulvescens Giraud, 1863 | INV12113 | IBIHM184-21 | BOLD:ADJ0585 | OR796497 |
| Apidae | Tetraloniafulvescens Giraud, 1863 | INV12112 | IBIHM183-21 | OR796536 | |
| Apidae | Tetraloniaiberica Dusmet y Alonso 1926 | INV12117 | IBIHM188-21 | BOLD:AER1385 | OR796061 |
| Apidae | Tetralonianana Morawitz, 1874 | INV12119 | IBIHM190-21 | BOLD:ABW6400 | OR796841 |
| Apidae | Tetraloniastrigata (Lepeletier, 1841) | INV12125 | IBIHM196-21 | BOLD:AEN8168 | OR796240 |
| Apidae | Thyreushirtus (de Beaumont, 1940) | INV12004 | IBIHM075-21 | BOLD:AEO3985 | OR796533 |
| Apidae | Thyreushirtus (de Beaumont, 1940) | INV12005 | IBIHM076-21 | BOLD:AEO3985 | OR796549 |
| Apidae | Thyreushirtus (de Beaumont, 1940) | INV12007 | IBIHM078-21 | BOLD:AEO3985 | OR796598 |
| Apidae | Thyreushistrionicus (Illiger, 1806) | INV12457 | IBIHM1310-22 | BOLD:AAO3396 | OR796245 |
| Apidae | Thyreushistrionicus (Illiger, 1806) | INV12458 | IBIHM1311-22 | BOLD:AAO3396 | OR796238 |
| Apidae | Thyreushistrionicus (Illiger, 1806) | INV12460 | IBIHM1313-22 | BOLD:AAO3396 | OR796771 |
| Apidae | Thyreusorbatus (Lepeletier, 1841) | INV12006 | IBIHM077-21 | BOLD:AAI0456 | OR796313 |
| Apidae | Thyreusorbatus (Lepeletier, 1841) | INV12010 | IBIHM081-21 | BOLD:AAI0456 | OR796110 |
| Apidae | Thyreusorbatus (Lepeletier, 1841) | INV12011 | IBIHM082-21 | BOLD:AAI0456 | OR796498 |
| Apidae | Thyreuspicaron Lieftinck, 1968 | INV12461 | IBIHM1314-22 | BOLD:AED2570 | OR796358 |
| Apidae | Thyreusramosus (Lepeletier, 1841) | INV12008 | IBIHM079-21 | BOLD:AAK1852 | OR796224 |
| Apidae | Thyreusramosus (Lepeletier, 1841) | INV12009 | IBIHM080-21 | BOLD:AAK1852 | OR796037 |
| Apidae | Thyreustruncatus (Pérez, 1883) | INV12459 | IBIHM1312-22 | BOLD:AES2873 | OR795902 |
| Apidae | Xylocopacantabrita Lepeletier, 1841# | INV12173 | IBIHM244-21 | BOLD:AEO2264 | OR796867 |
| Apidae | Xylocopacantabrita Lepeletier, 1841# | INV13040 | IBIHM611-21 | BOLD:AEO2264 | OR796858 |
| Apidae | Xylocopairis (Christ, 1791) | INV12172 | IBIHM243-21 | BOLD:AEO4657' | OR796217 |
| Apidae | Xylocopairis (Christ, 1791) | INV13231 | IBIHM801-21 | BOLD:AEO4657' | OR796736 |
| Apidae | Xylocopavalga Gerstäcker, 1872 | INV12171 | IBIHM242-21 | BOLD:AEN0425 | OR796293 |
| Apidae | Xylocopaviolacea (Linnaeus, 1758) | INV12174 | IBIHM245-21 | BOLD:AAJ9209 | OR796614 |
| Apidae | Xylocopaviolacea (Linnaeus, 1758) | INV13232 | IBIHM802-21 | BOLD:AAJ9209 | OR796465 |
| Colletidae | Colletesabeillei Pérez, 1903 | INV12347 | IBIHM418-21 | BOLD:ACP8014 | OR796715 |
| Colletidae | Colletesabeillei Pérez, 1903 | INV13153 | IBIHM724-21 | OR796563 | |
| Colletidae | Colletesacutus Pérez, 1903 | INV12348 | IBIHM419-21 | BOLD:AAI9265 | OR796731 |
| Colletidae | Colletesalbomaculatus (Lucas, 1849) | INV12349 | IBIHM420-21 | BOLD:ABU9046 | OR796089 |
| Colletidae | Colletesalbomaculatus (Lucas, 1849) | INV13308 | IBIHM878-21 | BOLD:ABU9046 | OR795920 |
| Colletidae | Colletesdinizi Kuhlmann, Ortiz & Ornosa, 2001# | INV12490 | IBIHM1343-22 | BOLD:AEU9447' | OR796281 |
| Colletidae | Colleteseous Morice, 1904 | INV12353 | IBIHM424-21 | BOLD:ADW0513 | OR796015 |
| Colletidae | Colletesfodiens (Fourcroy, 1785) | INV12354 | IBIHM425-21 | BOLD:ABZ6809 | OR795931 |
| Colletidae | Colletesfoveolaris Pérez, 1903 | INV12484 | IBIHM1337-22 | BOLD:AEU9446 | OR796674 |
| Colletidae | Colleteshylaeiformis Eversmann, 1852 | INV13309 | IBIHM879-21 | BOLD:AEU8542' | OR796326 |
| Colletidae | Colleteshylaeiformis Eversmann, 1852 | INV12355 | IBIHM426-21 | BOLD:AEW0951' | OR796829 |
| Colletidae | Colletesmarginatus Smith, 1846 | INV12358 | IBIHM429-21 | BOLD:AAN3911 | OR796699 |
| Colletidae | Colletesmlokossewiczi Radoszkowski, 1891 | INV12487 | IBIHM1340-22 | BOLD:ABA8594 | OR796561 |
| Colletidae | Colletesnigricans Gistel, 1857 | INV12357 | IBIHM428-21 | BOLD:AEZ9412 | OR796581 |
| Colletidae | Colletesnigricans Gistel, 1857 | INV12485 | IBIHM1338-22 | BOLD:AEZ9412 | OR796377 |
| Colletidae | Colletesnigricans Gistel, 1857 | INV13310 | IBIHM880-21 | BOLD:AEZ9412 | OR796103 |
| Colletidae | Colletespulchellus Pérez, 1903 | INV12488 | IBIHM1341-22 | BOLD:AAN3911 | OR796951 |
| Colletidae | Colletespulchellus Pérez, 1903 | INV12489 | IBIHM1342-22 | BOLD:AAN3911 | OR796173 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeusangustatus (Schenck, 1861) | INV12178 | IBIHM249-21 | BOLD:AAK3477 | OR796750 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeusangustatus (Schenck, 1861) | INV12194 | IBIHM265-21 | BOLD:AAK3477 | OR796433 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeusangustatus (Schenck, 1861) | INV13224 | IBIHM795-21 | BOLD:AEN9677' | OR796842 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeusangustatus (Schenck, 1861) | INV13316 | IBIHM886-21 | BOLD:AEN9677' | OR796848 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeusannularis (Kirby, 1802) | INV12179 | IBIHM250-21 | BOLD:AEK2943 | OR796470 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeusannularis (Kirby, 1802) | INV12180 | IBIHM251-21 | BOLD:AEK2943 | OR796346 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeusannularis (Kirby, 1802) | INV13320 | IBIHM890-21 | BOLD:AEK2943 | OR796738 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeusclypearis (Schenck, 1853) | INV12183 | IBIHM254-21 | BOLD:AAK3480 | OR796853 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeuscommunis Nylander, 1852 | INV13222 | IBIHM793-21 | BOLD:AAE5080 | OR796880 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeusconfusus Nylander, 1852 | INV12184 | IBIHM255-21 | BOLD:AAD9315 | OR796100 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeuscoriaceus (Pérez, 1895) | INV12195 | IBIHM266-21 | BOLD:AEO4115' | OR796508 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeuscoriaceus (Pérez, 1895) | INV12196 | IBIHM267-21 | BOLD:AEO4115' | OR796623 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeuscornutus Curtis, 1831 | INV12185 | IBIHM256-21 | BOLD:AAF4031 | OR796243 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeuscornutus Curtis, 1831 | INV13315 | IBIHM885-21 | BOLD:AAF4031 | OR796231 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeuscrassanus (Warncke, 1972) | INV12187 | IBIHM258-21 | BOLD:AEN8873' | OR796190 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeusdifformis (Eversmann, 1852) | INV12186 | IBIHM257-21 | BOLD:AAK3468 | OR796480 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeusdilatatus (Kirby, 1802) | INV12498 | IBIHM1351-22 | BOLD:AEU1509' | OR796942 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeusdilatatus (Kirby, 1802) | INV12188 | IBIHM259-21 | OR796510 | |
| Colletidae | Hylaeusgredleri Förster, 1871 | INV12190 | IBIHM261-21 | BOLD:AEO3886' | OR796225 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeushyalinatus Smith, 1842 | INV12191 | IBIHM262-21 | BOLD:AAE1166 | OR796593 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeushyalinatus Smith, 1842 | INV13156 | IBIHM727-21 | BOLD:AAE1166 | OR796740 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeusimparilis Förster, 1871 | INV12192 | IBIHM263-21 | BOLD:AAE5079 | OR796253 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeusincongruus Förster, 1871 | INV01584 | IBIHM038-19 | BOLD:ABU9205 | OR796047 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeusincongruus Förster, 1871 | INV12189 | IBIHM260-21 | BOLD:ABU9205 | OR795925 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeusincongruus Förster, 1871 | INV12200 | IBIHM271-21 | BOLD:ABU9205 | OR796457 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeusincongruus Förster, 1871 | INV12201 | IBIHM272-21 | BOLD:ABU9205 | OR796935 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeusincongruus Förster, 1871 | INV13154 | IBIHM725-21 | BOLD:ABU9205 | OR796429 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeusincongruus Förster, 1871 | INV13155 | IBIHM726-21 | BOLD:ABU9205 | OR796655 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeusincongruus Förster, 1871 | INV13157 | IBIHM728-21 | BOLD:ABU9205 | OR795953 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeusincongruus Förster, 1871 | INV13223 | IBIHM794-21 | BOLD:ABU9205 | OR796339 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeuskahri Förster, 1871 | INV12193 | IBIHM264-21 | BOLD:AAN3379 | OR796084 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeuslineolatus (Schenck, 1861) | INV12496 | IBIHM1349-22 | BOLD:AAI8781 | OR796924 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeuslineolatus (Schenck, 1861) | INV12497 | IBIHM1350-22 | BOLD:AAI8781 | OR796005 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeuspenalaris Dathe, 1979# | INV12197 | IBIHM268-21 | BOLD:AEO2266' | OR796414 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeuspictipes Nylander, 1852 | INV12198 | IBIHM269-21 | BOLD:AAK3488 | OR796642 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeuspictipes Nylander, 1852 | INV13314 | IBIHM884-21 | BOLD:AAK3488 | OR796490 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeuspictipes Nylander, 1852 | INV13319 | IBIHM889-21 | BOLD:AAK3488 | OR796261 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeuspictus (Smith, 1853) | INV12202 | IBIHM273-21 | BOLD:AEO2267 | OR796295 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeuspilosulus (Pérez, 1903) | INV12203 | IBIHM274-21 | BOLD:AAX2603 | OR796362 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeuspilosulus (Pérez, 1903) | INV12204 | IBIHM275-21 | BOLD:AAX2603 | OR796658 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeuspunctatus (Brullé, 1832) | INV12205 | IBIHM276-21 | BOLD:AAE5060 | OR796056 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeuspunctulatissimus Smith, 1842 | INV12206 | IBIHM277-21 | BOLD:AAK3323 | OR796210 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeussignatus (Panzer, 1798) | INV12207 | IBIHM278-21 | BOLD:AAI8577 | OR796312 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeussoror (Pérez, 1903) | INV12499 | IBIHM1352-22 | BOLD:AET8250' | OR796434 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeussulphuripes (Gribodo, 1894) | INV12208 | IBIHM279-21 | BOLD:AEJ3211 | OR796043 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeustaeniolatus Förster, 1871 | INV12199 | IBIHM270-21 | BOLD:AEO5452' | OR796300 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeusvariegatus (Fabricius, 1798) | INV12209 | IBIHM280-21 | BOLD:AAK3338 | OR796896 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeusvariegatus (Fabricius, 1798) | INV12210 | IBIHM281-21 | BOLD:AAK3338 | OR796050 |
| Colletidae | Hylaeusvariegatus (Fabricius, 1798) | INV13317 | IBIHM887-21 | BOLD:AAK3338 | OR795903 |
| Halictidae | Ceylalictusvariegatus (Olivier, 1789) | INV12279 | IBIHM350-21 | BOLD:AAV7281 | OR796006 |
| Halictidae | Ceylalictusvariegatus (Olivier, 1789) | INV12281 | IBIHM352-21 | BOLD:AAV7281 | OR796925 |
| Halictidae | Dufoureagaullei Vachal, 1897# | INV12275 | IBIHM346-21 | BOLD:AEN9216' | OR796099 |
| Halictidae | Dufoureagaullei Vachal, 1897# | INV12276 | IBIHM347-21 | BOLD:AEN9216' | OR796808 |
| Halictidae | Dufoureagaullei Vachal, 1897# | INV13293 | IBIHM863-21 | BOLD:AEN9216' | OR795909 |
| Halictidae | Dufoureahalictula (Nylander, 1852) | INV13217 | IBIHM788-21 | BOLD:AAI9074 | OR796349 |
| Halictidae | Dufoureatrautmanni Dusmet y Alonso, 1935# | INV12273 | IBIHM344-21 | BOLD:AEN3645 | OR796622 |
| Halictidae | Dufoureatrautmanni Dusmet y Alonso, 1935# | INV12274 | IBIHM345-21 | BOLD:AEN3645 | OR796922 |
| Halictidae | Halictusbrunnescens (Eversmann, 1852) | INV12259 | IBIHM330-21 | BOLD:AAE3033 | OR796366 |
| Halictidae | Halictusbrunnescens (Eversmann, 1852) | INV12263 | IBIHM334-21 | BOLD:AAE3033 | OR796704 |
| Halictidae | Halictusbrunnescens (Eversmann, 1852) | INV13054 | IBIHM625-21 | BOLD:AAE3033 | OR796014 |
| Halictidae | Halictusconfusus Smith, 1853 | INV12257 | IBIHM328-21 | BOLD:AEN9591' | OR795965 |
| Halictidae | Halictuscrenicornis Blüthgen, 1923 | INV12258 | IBIHM329-21 | BOLD:AAD5869 | OR796521 |
| Halictidae | Halictuscrenicornis Blüthgen, 1923 | INV13055 | IBIHM626-21 | BOLD:AAD5869 | OR796393 |
| Halictidae | Halictusfulvipes (Klug, 1817) | INV02289 | IBIHM013-19 | BOLD:ADS5152 | OR796212 |
| Halictidae | Halictusgemmeus Dours, 1872 | INV01552 | IBIHM032-19 | BOLD:ABV4897 | OR796916 |
| Halictidae | Halictusgemmeus Dours, 1872 | INV01553 | IBIHM005-19 | BOLD:ABV4897 | OR796430 |
| Halictidae | Halictusgemmeus Dours, 1872 | INV12260 | IBIHM331-21 | BOLD:ABV4897 | OR796392 |
| Halictidae | Halictusgemmeus Dours, 1872 | INV13058 | IBIHM629-21 | BOLD:ABV4897 | OR796602 |
| Halictidae | Halictusmaculatus Smith, 1848 | INV13053 | IBIHM624-21 | BOLD:ACH4344 | OR796541 |
| Halictidae | Halictusmaculatus Smith, 1848 | INV12261 | IBIHM332-21 | BOLD:AEO0160' | OR796283 |
| Halictidae | Halictuspollinosus Sichel, 1860 | INV12262 | IBIHM333-21 | BOLD:ADZ7031 | OR796345 |
| Halictidae | Halictuspollinosus Sichel, 1860 | INV13218 | IBIHM789-21 | BOLD:ADZ7031 | OR796620 |
| Halictidae | Halictuspollinosus Sichel, 1860 | INV13276 | IBIHM846-21 | BOLD:ADZ7031 | OR796705 |
| Halictidae | Halictusquadripartitus Blüthgen, 1923 | INV13274 | IBIHM844-21 | BOLD:AEW0985 | OR796296 |
| Halictidae | Halictusrubicundus (Christ, 1791) | INV12265 | IBIHM336-21 | BOLD:AAA3534 | OR796486 |
| Halictidae | Halictusscabiosae (Rossi, 1790) | INV13047 | IBIHM618-21 | BOLD:AAN4492 | OR796578 |
| Halictidae | Halictusscabiosae (Rossi, 1790) | INV13048 | IBIHM619-21 | BOLD:AAN4492 | OR796127 |
| Halictidae | Halictusseladonius (Fabricius, 1794)# | INV12267 | IBIHM338-21 | BOLD:AEL5026 | OR796301 |
| Halictidae | Halictusseladonius (Fabricius, 1794)# | INV13062 | IBIHM633-21 | BOLD:AEL5026 | OR795962 |
| Halictidae | Halictusseladonius (Fabricius, 1794)# | INV15673 | IBIHY016-22 | BOLD:AEL5026 | OR796677 |
| Halictidae | Halictussexcinctus (Fabricius, 1775) | INV12264 | IBIHM335-21 | BOLD:AAI6486 | OR795933 |
| Halictidae | Halictussmaragdulus Vachal, 1895 | INV01583 | IBIHM006-19 | BOLD:ABV8170 | OR796761 |
| Halictidae | Halictussmaragdulus Vachal, 1895 | INV02260 | IBIHM041-19 | BOLD:ABV8170 | OR796804 |
| Halictidae | Halictussmaragdulus Vachal, 1895 | INV02317 | IBIHM044-19 | BOLD:ABV8170 | OR796213 |
| Halictidae | Halictussmaragdulus Vachal, 1895 | INV12270 | IBIHM341-21 | BOLD:ABV8170 | OR796407 |
| Halictidae | Halictussubauratus (Rossi, 1792) | INV01563 | IBIHM034-19 | BOLD:AAI6480 | OR796314 |
| Halictidae | Halictussubauratus (Rossi, 1792) | INV01579 | IBIHM036-19 | BOLD:AAI6480 | OR796948 |
| Halictidae | Halictussubauratus (Rossi, 1792) | INV02297 | IBIHM014-19 | BOLD:AAI6480 | OR796785 |
| Halictidae | Halictussubauratus (Rossi, 1792) | INV02318 | IBIHM045-19 | BOLD:AAI6480 | OR796388 |
| Halictidae | Halictussubauratus (Rossi, 1792) | INV12268 | IBIHM339-21 | BOLD:AAI6480 | OR796189 |
| Halictidae | Halictussubauratus (Rossi, 1792) | INV13059 | IBIHM630-21 | BOLD:AAI6480 | OR796619 |
| Halictidae | Halictussubauratus (Rossi, 1792) | INV13060 | IBIHM631-21 | BOLD:AAI6480 | OR796511 |
| Halictidae | Halictussubauratus (Rossi, 1792) | INV13061 | IBIHM632-21 | BOLD:AAI6480 | OR796052 |
| Halictidae | Halictussubauratus (Rossi, 1792) | INV13277 | IBIHM847-21 | BOLD:AAI6480 | OR796020 |
| Halictidae | Halictussubmediterraneus (Pauly, 2015) | INV12269 | IBIHM340-21 | BOLD:AAK4967 | OR796807 |
| Halictidae | Halictussubmediterraneus (Pauly, 2015) | INV13050 | IBIHM621-21 | BOLD:AAK4967 | OR796277 |
| Halictidae | Halictusvestitus Lepeletier, 1841 | INV12271 | IBIHM342-21 | BOLD:ACU5548 | OR796104 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumaeratum (Kirby, 1802) | INV12310 | IBIHM381-21 | BOLD:AAJ3200 | OR796901 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumalbocinctum (Lucas, 1849) | INV12299 | IBIHM370-21 | BOLD:AAE5835 | OR795996 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumalbocinctum (Lucas, 1849) | INV13072 | IBIHM643-21 | BOLD:AAE5835 | OR795978 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumalbocinctum (Lucas, 1849) | INV13074 | IBIHM645-21 | BOLD:AAE5835 | OR796790 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumalgericolellum (Strand, 1909) | INV12492 | IBIHM1345-22 | BOLD:AEN2990 | OR796290 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumalgericolellum (Strand, 1909) | INV12493 | IBIHM1346-22 | BOLD:AEN2990 | OR795985 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumalgericolellum (Strand, 1909) | INV13102 | IBIHM673-21 | BOLD:AEN2990 | OR796756 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumangusticeps (Perkins, 1895) | INV12494 | IBIHM1347-22 | BOLD:AAK8433 | OR796241 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumangusticeps (Perkins, 1895) | INV13114 | IBIHM685-21 | BOLD:AAK8433 | OR796610 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumaureolum (Pérez, 1903) | INV12613 | IBIHM1014-22 | BOLD:ADZ5328 | OR796354 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumaureolum (Pérez, 1903) | INV13107 | IBIHM678-21 | BOLD:ADZ5328 | OR796462 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumaureolum (Pérez, 1903) | INV13108 | IBIHM679-21 | BOLD:ADZ5328 | OR796111 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumaureolum (Pérez, 1903) | INV13109 | IBIHM680-21 | BOLD:ADZ5328 | OR796332 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumbimaculatum (Dours, 1872) | INV12301 | IBIHM372-21 | BOLD:AAW9939 | OR796222 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumbimaculatum (Dours, 1872) | INV13286 | IBIHM856-21 | BOLD:AAW9939 | OR796873 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumbimaculatum (Dours, 1872) | INV13287 | IBIHM857-21 | BOLD:AAW9939 | OR796402 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumbrevicorne (Schenck, 1870) | INV12302 | IBIHM373-21 | BOLD:AAK8357 | OR796406 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumbrevicorne (Schenck, 1870) | INV13104 | IBIHM675-21 | BOLD:AAK8357 | OR796403 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumbrevicorne (Schenck, 1870) | INV13105 | IBIHM676-21 | BOLD:AAK8357 | OR796165 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumbreviventre (Schenck, 1853) | INV12303 | IBIHM374-21 | BOLD:AAY8321 | OR796298 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumbuccale (Pérez, 1903) | INV12304 | IBIHM375-21 | BOLD:ADZ4420 | OR796734 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumbuccale (Pérez, 1903) | INV13281 | IBIHM851-21 | BOLD:ADZ4420 | OR796229 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumcalceatum (Scopoli, 1763) | INV12318 | IBIHM389-21 | BOLD:AAB0353 | OR796321 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumcalceatum (Scopoli, 1763) | INV13086 | IBIHM657-21 | BOLD:AAB0353 | OR796631 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumcalceatum (Scopoli, 1763) | INV13089 | IBIHM660-21 | BOLD:AAB0353 | OR796926 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumcalceatum (Scopoli, 1763) | INV12305 | IBIHM376-21 | BOLD:AEO1453' | OR796851 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumcallizonium (Pérez, 1896) | INV12306 | IBIHM377-21 | BOLD:ABA0006 | OR796460 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumcallizonium (Pérez, 1896) | INV13066 | IBIHM637-21 | BOLD:ABA0006 | OR796952 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumcorvinum (Morawitz, 1876) | INV12312 | IBIHM383-21 | BOLD:ACR3210 | OR796045 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumcostulatum (Kriechbaumer, 1873) | INV12313 | IBIHM384-21 | BOLD:AAJ3116 | OR796353 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumcostulatum (Kriechbaumer, 1873) | INV13075 | IBIHM646-21 | BOLD:AAJ3116 | OR796176 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumdiscus (Smith, 1853)# | INV02261 | IBIHM007-19 | BOLD:ABA0007 | OR796702 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumdiscus (Smith, 1853)# | INV02333 | IBIHM017-19 | BOLD:ABA0007 | OR796055 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumdiscus (Smith, 1853)# | INV12314 | IBIHM385-21 | BOLD:ABA0007 | OR796303 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumdiscus (Smith, 1853)# | INV13291 | IBIHM861-21 | BOLD:ABA0007 | OR796335 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumdusmeti (Blüthgen, 1924)# | INV12315 | IBIHM386-21 | BOLD:AEN9127' | OR796098 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumdusmeti (Blüthgen, 1924)# | INV13288 | IBIHM858-21 | BOLD:AEN9127' | OR796653 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumglabriusculum (Morawitz, 1872) | INV12316 | IBIHM387-21 | BOLD:AAZ1489 | OR796016 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumgriseolum (Morawitz, 1872) | INV12495 | IBIHM1348-22 | BOLD:AET1905' | OR796488 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumibericum Ebmer, 1975# | INV12317 | IBIHM388-21 | BOLD:AAJ1741 | OR796707 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumimmunitum (Vachal, 1895)# | INV13083 | IBIHM654-21 | BOLD:AEW5079' | OR796193 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossuminterruptum (Panzer, 1798) | INV13093 | IBIHM664-21 | BOLD:ABU8540 | OR795984 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossuminterruptum (Panzer, 1798) | INV13290 | IBIHM860-21 | BOLD:ABU8540 | OR795938 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossuminterruptum (Panzer, 1798) | INV12319 | IBIHM390-21 | BOLD:AFK8181 | OR796652 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumlaevigatum (Kirby, 1802) | INV12320 | IBIHM391-21 | BOLD:AAK8392 | OR796656 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumlativentre (Schenck, 1853) | INV12321 | IBIHM392-21 | BOLD:AAE1129 | OR796681 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumleucopus (Kirby, 1802) | INV12614 | IBIHM1015-22 | BOLD:AAF3848 | OR795974 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumleucozonium (Schrank, `78`) | INV13113 | IBIHM684-21 | BOLD:AEN9620 | OR796178 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumleucozonium (Schrank, 1781) | INV13112 | IBIHM683-21 | BOLD:AAA2322 | OR796526 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumleucozonium (Schrank, 1781) | INV12322 | IBIHM393-21 | BOLD:AEN9620 | OR795969 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumleucozonium (Schrank, 1781) | INV13064 | IBIHM635-21 | BOLD:AEN9620 | OR796566 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumleucozonium (Schrank, 1781) | INV13110 | IBIHM681-21 | BOLD:AEN9620 | OR796764 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumleucozonium (Schrank, 1781) | INV13111 | IBIHM682-21 | BOLD:AEN9620 | OR796471 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumlimbellum (Morawitz, 1876) | INV12323 | IBIHM394-21 | BOLD:ADZ7745 | OR796454 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumlittorale (Blüthgen, 1924) | INV12615 | IBIHM1016-22 | BOLD:ADZ2937 | OR795906 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumlittorale (Blüthgen, 1924) | INV12616 | IBIHM1017-22 | BOLD:ADZ2937 | OR796708 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumlucidulum (Schenck, 1861) | INV12338 | IBIHM409-21 | BOLD:AAE5918 | OR796530 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumlucidulum (Schenck, 1861) | INV12617 | IBIHM1018-22 | BOLD:AAE5918 | OR796667 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossummalachurum (Kirby, 1802) | INV12324 | IBIHM395-21 | BOLD:AAE5496 | OR795908 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossummalachurum (Kirby, 1802) | INV13092 | IBIHM663-21 | BOLD:AEO8786' | OR796130 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossummandibulare (Morawitz, 1866) | INV12326 | IBIHM397-21 | BOLD:AEO4941 | OR796211 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossummarginatum (Brullé, 1832) | INV12325 | IBIHM396-21 | BOLD:AFA0740 | OR796273 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossummaurusium (Blüthgen, 1935) | INV12797 | IBIHM1198-22 | BOLD:ADZ2523 | OR795966 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossummediterraneum (Blüthgen, 1926)# | INV12327 | IBIHM398-21 | BOLD:AEO8781 | OR796365 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossummediterraneum (Blüthgen, 1926)# | INV13292 | IBIHM862-21 | BOLD:AEO8781 | OR796599 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumminutissimum (Kirby, 1802) | INV12328 | IBIHM399-21 | BOLD:ACQ8646 | OR796936 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumminutissimum (Kirby, 1802) | INV13094 | IBIHM665-21 | BOLD:ACQ8646 | OR796887 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumminutissimum (Kirby, 1802) | INV13095 | IBIHM666-21 | BOLD:ACQ8646 | OR796063 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossummorio (Fabricius, 1793) | INV12618 | IBIHM1019-22 | BOLD:AAD9335 | OR796267 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossummorio (Fabricius, 1793) | INV12619 | IBIHM1020-22 | BOLD:AAD9335 | OR796671 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossummorio (Fabricius, 1793) | INV13229 | IBIHM800-21 | BOLD:AAD9335 | OR796651 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossummorio (Fabricius, 1793) | INV15678 | IBIHY021-22 | BOLD:AAD9335 | OR796442 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumnitidiusculum (Kirby, 1802) | INV12329 | IBIHM400-21 | BOLD:AAZ9229 | OR796415 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumorihuelicum (Blüthgen, 1924)# | INV12330 | IBIHM401-21 | BOLD:AEO0527' | OR796381 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumpallens (Brullé, 1832) | INV12331 | IBIHM402-21 | BOLD:ADM1219 | OR796492 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumparvulum (Schenck, 1853) | INV12346 | IBIHM417-21 | BOLD:ADT1404 | OR796636 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumpauperatum (Brullé, 1832) | INV01536 | IBIHM004-19 | BOLD:AAK7827 | OR796092 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumpauperatum (Brullé, 1832) | INV02264 | IBIHM008-19 | BOLD:AAK7827 | OR796162 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumpauperatum (Brullé, 1832) | INV02277 | IBIHM009-19 | BOLD:AAK7827 | OR796363 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumpauperatum (Brullé, 1832) | INV12332 | IBIHM403-21 | BOLD:AAK7827 | OR796713 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumpauperatum (Brullé, 1832) | INV13067 | IBIHM638-21 | BOLD:AAK7827 | OR796665 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumpauperatum (Brullé, 1832) | INV13097 | IBIHM668-21 | BOLD:AAK7827 | OR795905 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumpauperatum (Brullé, 1832) | INV13098 | IBIHM669-21 | BOLD:AAK7827 | OR796933 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumpauperatum (Brullé, 1832) | INV13103 | IBIHM674-21 | BOLD:AAK7827 | OR796579 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumpauperatum (Brullé, 1832) | INV13284 | IBIHM854-21 | BOLD:AAK7827 | OR795904 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumpauxillum (Schenck, 1853) | INV12334 | IBIHM405-21 | OR796938 | |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumperclavipes (Blüthgen, 1934)# | INV12333 | IBIHM404-21 | BOLD:AEO0577' | OR796046 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumprasinum (Smith, 1848)# | INV12335 | IBIHM406-21 | BOLD:AEO4817' | OR796466 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumpunctatissimum (Schenck, 1853) | INV01547 | IBIHM030-19 | BOLD:AAF4021 | OR796625 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumpunctatissimum (Schenck, 1853) | INV12336 | IBIHM407-21 | BOLD:AAF4021 | OR796928 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumpunctatissimum (Schenck, 1853) | INV13106 | IBIHM677-21 | BOLD:AAF4021 | OR796663 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumpunctatissimum (Schenck, 1853) | INV13279 | IBIHM849-21 | BOLD:AAF4021 | OR796643 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumpuncticolle (Morawitz, 1872) | INV12337 | IBIHM408-21 | BOLD:AEO0839' | OR796458 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumsexnotatum (Kirby, 1802) | INV12339 | IBIHM410-21 | BOLD:AAW9816 | OR796662 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumsexnotatum (Kirby, 1802) | INV13070 | IBIHM641-21 | BOLD:AAW9816 | OR796422 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumsexnotatum (Kirby, 1802) | INV13078 | IBIHM649-21 | BOLD:AAW9816 | OR796555 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumsphecodimorphum (Vachal, 1892) | INV12341 | IBIHM412-21 | BOLD:AEO3826 | OR796739 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumsphecodimorphum (Vachal, 1892)# | INV13285 | IBIHM855-21 | BOLD:AEO3826 | OR795942 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumstrictifrons (Vachal, 1895) | INV12622 | IBIHM1023-22 | BOLD:AEN9032 | OR796669 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumstrictifrons (Vachal, 1895) | INV13068 | IBIHM639-21 | BOLD:AEN9032 | OR796523 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumstrictifrons (Vachal, 1895) | INV13079 | IBIHM650-21 | BOLD:AEN9032 | OR796628 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumstrictifrons (Vachal, 1895) | INV13099 | IBIHM670-21 | BOLD:AEN9032 | OR796597 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumstrictifrons (Vachal, 1895) | INV13100 | IBIHM671-21 | BOLD:AEN9032 | OR796515 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumstrictifrons (Vachal, 1895) | INV13101 | IBIHM672-21 | BOLD:AEN9032 | OR796716 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumsubhirtum (Lepeletier, 1841) | INV12340 | IBIHM411-21 | BOLD:ADM2541 | OR796753 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumsubhirtum (Lepeletier, 1841) | INV13090 | IBIHM661-21 | BOLD:ADM2541 | OR796338 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumtransitorium (Schenck, 1868) | INV13084 | IBIHM655-21 | BOLD:AEM8844 | OR796539 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumtransitoriumplanulum (Pérez, 1903) | INV12623 | IBIHM1024-22 | BOLD:AEM8844 | OR796531 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumtransitoriumplanulum (Pérez, 1903) | INV12625 | IBIHM1026-22 | BOLD:AEM8844 | OR796478 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumtransitoriumplanulum (Pérez, 1903) | INV12624 | IBIHM1025-22 | BOLD:AER6557 | OR796352 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumvillosulum (Kirby, 1802) | INV12342 | IBIHM413-21 | BOLD:AEW2300 | OR796793 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumvillosulum (Kirby, 1802) | INV13069 | IBIHM640-21 | BOLD:AEW2300 | OR796878 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumvillosulum (Kirby, 1802) | INV13088 | IBIHM659-21 | BOLD:AEW2300 | OR796416 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumvillosulum (Kirby, 1802) | INV13280 | IBIHM850-21 | BOLD:AEW2300 | OR796228 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumvillosulum (Kirby, 1802) | INV13283 | IBIHM853-21 | BOLD:AEW2300 | OR796884 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumvillosulum (Kirby, 1802) | INV15687 | IBIHY028-22 | BOLD:AEW2300 | OR796233 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumvirens (Erichson, 1835)# | INV12839 | IBIHM1240-22 | BOLD:AAZ9232 | OR796242 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumvirens (Erichson, 1835)# | INV12840 | IBIHM1241-22 | BOLD:AAZ9232 | OR796152 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumxanthopus (Kirby, 1802) | INV12344 | IBIHM415-21 | BOLD:AAE1789 | OR796032 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumxanthopus (Kirby, 1802) | INV13278 | IBIHM848-21 | BOLD:AEW1421 | OR795914 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumzonulum (Smith, 1848) | INV12345 | IBIHM416-21 | BOLD:AAB3147 | OR796817 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumzonulum (Smith, 1848) | INV13077 | IBIHM648-21 | BOLD:AAB3147 | OR796309 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumzonulum (Smith, 1848) | INV13080 | IBIHM651-21 | BOLD:AAB3147 | OR796763 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumzonulum (Smith, 1848) | INV13081 | IBIHM652-21 | BOLD:AAB3147 | OR796514 |
| Halictidae | Lasioglossumzonulum (Smith, 1848) | INV13082 | IBIHM653-21 | BOLD:AAB3147 | OR796513 |
| Halictidae | Nomiapisdiversipes (Latreille, 1806) | INV02319 | IBIHM016-19 | BOLD:AAF6016 | OR796483 |
| Halictidae | Nomiapisdiversipes (Latreille, 1806) | INV12278 | IBIHM349-21 | BOLD:AAF6016 | OR796846 |
| Halictidae | Nomiapisdiversipes (Latreille, 1806) | INV13219 | IBIHM790-21 | BOLD:AAF6016 | OR796329 |
| Halictidae | Nomiapisdiversipes (Latreille, 1806) | INV13273 | IBIHM843-21 | BOLD:AAF6016 | OR796328 |
| Halictidae | Nomiapispaulyi Wood & Le Divelec, 2022 | INV13272 | IBIHM842-21 | BOLD:ADD4589 | OR796401 |
| Halictidae | Nomioidesfacilis (Smith, 1853) | INV12280 | IBIHM351-21 | BOLD:AEJ1330 | OR796135 |
| Halictidae | Nomioidesminutissimus (Rossi, 1790) | INV12282 | IBIHM353-21 | BOLD:AEO2657' | OR796520 |
| Halictidae | Sphecodesalbilabris (Fabricius, 1793) | INV12283 | IBIHM354-21 | BOLD:AAI0130 | OR796694 |
| Halictidae | Sphecodesalternatus Smith, 1853 | INV12284 | IBIHM355-21 | BOLD:ACD7802 | OR795918 |
| Halictidae | Sphecodesalternatus Smith, 1853 | INV13303 | IBIHM873-21 | BOLD:AEO6580 | OR795940 |
| Halictidae | Sphecodescrassanus Warncke, 1992 | INV12285 | IBIHM356-21 | BOLD:ACD7802 | OR796474 |
| Halictidae | Sphecodescrassanus Warncke, 1992 | INV13294 | IBIHM864-21 | BOLD:ACD7802 | OR796115 |
| Halictidae | Sphecodescroaticus Meyer, 1922 | INV12286 | IBIHM357-21 | BOLD:ACP5320 | OR796439 |
| Halictidae | Sphecodesephippius (Linnaeus, 1767) | INV12287 | IBIHM358-21 | BOLD:AAD0332 | OR795936 |
| Halictidae | Sphecodesephippius (Linnaeus, 1767) | INV13298 | IBIHM868-21 | BOLD:AAD0332 | OR796660 |
| Halictidae | Sphecodesgibbus (Linnaeus, 1758) | INV12289 | IBIHM360-21 | BOLD:AAD5232 | OR796455 |
| Halictidae | Sphecodeshirtellus Blüthgen, 1923# | INV13117 | IBIHM688-21 | BOLD:AEO0791' | OR796859 |
| Halictidae | Sphecodeslongulus Hagens, 1882 | INV13116 | IBIHM687-21 | BOLD:AFM8564 | OR796939 |
| Halictidae | Sphecodesmarginatus Hagens, 1882 | INV12308 | IBIHM379-21 | BOLD:AAY9961 | OR796732 |
| Halictidae | Sphecodesmarginatus Hagens, 1882 | INV13085 | IBIHM656-21 | BOLD:AAY9961 | OR796758 |
| Halictidae | Sphecodesmarginatus Hagens, 1882 | INV13295 | IBIHM865-21 | BOLD:AAY9961 | OR796911 |
| Halictidae | Sphecodesmonilicornis (Kirby, 1802) | INV12290 | IBIHM361-21 | BOLD:AAI0259 | OR796749 |
| Halictidae | Sphecodesmonilicornis (Kirby, 1802) | INV13121 | IBIHM692-21 | BOLD:AAI0259 | OR796438 |
| Halictidae | Sphecodesmonilicornis (Kirby, 1802) | INV13297 | IBIHM867-21 | BOLD:AAI0259 | OR796947 |
| Halictidae | Sphecodesmonilicornis (Kirby, 1802) | INV13304 | IBIHM874-21 | BOLD:AAI0259 | OR796125 |
| Halictidae | Sphecodesmonilicornis (Kirby, 1802) | INV13305 | IBIHM875-21 | BOLD:AAI0259 | OR796204 |
| Halictidae | Sphecodesniger Hagens, 1874 | INV13115 | IBIHM686-21 | BOLD:AAN0084 | OR796179 |
| Halictidae | Sphecodesolivieri Lepeletier, 1825 | INV12291 | IBIHM362-21 | BOLD:ACR8452 | OR796589 |
| Halictidae | Sphecodespellucidus Smith, 1845 | INV12848 | IBIHM1249-22 | BOLD:AAI0260 | OR796409 |
| Halictidae | Sphecodespseudofasciatus Blüthgen, 1925 | INV13289 | IBIHM859-21 | BOLD:AEO2633' | OR796725 |
| Halictidae | Sphecodespuncticeps Thomson, 1870 | INV12288 | IBIHM359-21 | BOLD:AAY9709 | OR796664 |
| Halictidae | Sphecodespuncticeps Thomson, 1870 | INV12293 | IBIHM364-21 | BOLD:AAY9709 | OR796418 |
| Halictidae | Sphecodespuncticeps Thomson, 1870 | INV13299 | IBIHM869-21 | BOLD:AAY9709 | OR796341 |
| Halictidae | Sphecodespuncticeps Thomson, 1870 | INV13300 | IBIHM870-21 | BOLD:AAY9709 | OR796556 |
| Halictidae | Sphecodespuncticeps Thomson, 1870 | INV13306 | IBIHM876-21 | BOLD:AAY9709 | OR796011 |
| Halictidae | Sphecodesreticulatus Thomson, 1870 | INV12309 | IBIHM380-21 | BOLD:ABV3743 | OR796220 |
| Halictidae | Sphecodesreticulatus Thomson, 1870 | INV13296 | IBIHM866-21 | BOLD:ABV3743 | OR796903 |
| Halictidae | Sphecodesrubicundus Hagens, 1875 | INV13119 | IBIHM690-21 | BOLD:AAJ3388 | OR796026 |
| Halictidae | Sphecodesrubicundus Hagens, 1875 | INV13122 | IBIHM693-21 | BOLD:AAJ3388 | OR796827 |
| Halictidae | Sphecodesrubicundus Hagens, 1875 | INV13302 | IBIHM872-21 | BOLD:AAJ3388 | OR796605 |
| Halictidae | Sphecodesrubripes Spinola, 1838# | INV12294 | IBIHM365-21 | BOLD:AAM4113 | OR796687 |
| Halictidae | Sphecodesruficrus (Erichson, 1835) | INV12296 | IBIHM367-21 | BOLD:AAF2925 | OR795901 |
| Halictidae | Sphecodesruficrus (Erichson, 1835) | INV13120 | IBIHM691-21 | BOLD:AAF2925 | OR796013 |
| Halictidae | Sphecodesruficrus (Erichson, 1835) | INV13123 | IBIHM694-21 | BOLD:AAF2925 | OR796553 |
| Halictidae | Sphecodesruficrus (Erichson, 1835) | INV13124 | IBIHM695-21 | BOLD:AAF2925 | OR796373 |
| Halictidae | Sphecodesruficrus (Erichson, 1835) | INV13301 | IBIHM871-21 | BOLD:AAF2925 | OR796906 |
| Halictidae | Sphecodesrufiventris (Panzer, 1798) | INV12295 | IBIHM366-21 | BOLD:ABA8649 | OR796177 |
| Halictidae | Sphecodesspinulosus Hagens, 1875 | INV12297 | IBIHM368-21 | BOLD:ACQ2281 | OR796564 |
| Halictidae | Systrophagrandimargo Pérez, 1905 | INV12272 | IBIHM343-21 | BOLD:AEO6068' | OR796633 |
| Megachilidae | Afranthidiumcarduelemalacopygum (Gribodo, 1894) | INV12447 | IBIHM1300-22 | BOLD:AEO1769 | OR796464 |
| Megachilidae | Afranthidiumcarduelemalacopygum (Gribodo, 1894) | INV12448 | IBIHM1301-22 | BOLD:AEO1769 | OR796832 |
| Megachilidae | Afranthidiumcarduelemalacopygum (Gribodo, 1894) | INV13349 | IBIHM919-21 | BOLD:AEO1769 | OR796188 |
| Megachilidae | Afranthidiumschulthessii (Friese, 1897) | INV12211 | IBIHM282-21 | BOLD:AEO4048 | OR796024 |
| Megachilidae | Aglaoapistridentata (Nylander, 1848) | INV12022 | IBIHM093-21 | BOLD:AAO2962 | OR796801 |
| Megachilidae | Anthidiellumbreviusculum (Pérez, 1890) | INV12212 | IBIHM283-21 | BOLD:AEN7284 | OR796051 |
| Megachilidae | Anthidiellumstrigatum (Panzer, 1804) | INV02280 | IBIHM010-19 | BOLD:AAY8402 | OR796788 |
| Megachilidae | Anthidiellumstrigatum (Panzer, 1804) | INV12213 | IBIHM284-21 | BOLD:AAY8402 | OR796748 |
| Megachilidae | Anthidiellumstrigatum (Panzer, 1804) | INV13350 | IBIHM920-21 | BOLD:AAY8402 | OR796325 |
| Megachilidae | Anthidiumcingulatum Latreille, 1809 | INV12215 | IBIHM286-21 | BOLD:AAN9423 | OR796467 |
| Megachilidae | Anthidiumdiadema Latreille, 1809 | INV12445 | IBIHM1298-22 | BOLD:AER0584 | OR796499 |
| Megachilidae | Anthidiumdiadema Latreille, 1809 | INV12446 | IBIHM1299-22 | BOLD:AET3713 | OR796149 |
| Megachilidae | Anthidiumflorentinum (Fabricius, 1775) | INV12214 | IBIHM285-21 | BOLD:ABW0328 | OR796484 |
| Megachilidae | Anthidiumflorentinum (Fabricius, 1775) | INV15674 | IBIHY017-22 | BOLD:ABW0328 | OR795941 |
| Megachilidae | Anthidiumloti Perris, 1852 | INV12216 | IBIHM287-21 | BOLD:ACG1108 | OR796007 |
| Megachilidae | Anthidiummanicatum (Linnaeus, 1758) | INV12217 | IBIHM288-21 | BOLD:AAA9946 | OR796247 |
| Megachilidae | Anthidiummanicatum (Linnaeus, 1758) | INV13142 | IBIHM713-21 | BOLD:AAA9946 | OR796417 |
| Megachilidae | Anthidiummanicatum (Linnaeus, 1758) | INV13143 | IBIHM714-21 | BOLD:AAA9946 | OR796645 |
| Megachilidae | Anthidiumoblongatum (Illiger, 1806) | INV12219 | IBIHM290-21 | BOLD:AAC5344 | OR795959 |
| Megachilidae | Anthidiumpunctatum Latreille, 1809 | INV12218 | IBIHM289-21 | BOLD:AEN2704 | OR796680 |
| Megachilidae | Anthidiumtaeniatum Latreille, 1809 | INV12220 | IBIHM291-21 | BOLD:AEO3965 | OR796160 |
| Megachilidae | Anthidiumtaeniatum Latreille, 1809 | INV13341 | IBIHM911-21 | BOLD:AEO3965 | OR796399 |
| Megachilidae | Chelostomacampanularum (Kirby, 1802) | INV13220 | IBIHM791-21 | BOLD:AAB1123 | OR796035 |
| Megachilidae | Chelostomacampanularum (Kirby, 1802) | INV13221 | IBIHM792-21 | BOLD:AAB1123 | OR796600 |
| Megachilidae | Chelostomacampanularum (Kirby, 1802) | INV12443 | IBIHM1296-22 | BOLD:AET7155' | OR796495 |
| Megachilidae | Chelostomacampanularum (Kirby, 1802) | INV12444 | IBIHM1297-22 | BOLD:AET7155' | OR796053 |
| Megachilidae | Chelostomaflorisomne (Linnaeus, 1758) | INV12442 | IBIHM1295-22 | BOLD:AEU4316' | OR796494 |
| Megachilidae | Chelostomarapunculi (Lepeletier, 1841) | INV12400 | IBIHM1253-22 | BOLD:AAA7122 | OR796768 |
| Megachilidae | Chelostomarapunculi (Lepeletier, 1841) | INV12401 | IBIHM1254-22 | BOLD:AAA7122 | OR796371 |
| Megachilidae | Coelioxysacanthurus (Illiger, 1806) | INV12449 | IBIHM1302-22 | BOLD:AET0371 | OR796065 |
| Megachilidae | Coelioxysafer Lepeletier, 1841 | INV12450 | IBIHM1303-22 | BOLD:AAV8048 | OR796344 |
| Megachilidae | Coelioxysafer Lepeletier, 1841 | INV13347 | IBIHM917-21 | BOLD:AAV8048 | OR796385 |
| Megachilidae | Coelioxysargenteus Lepeletier, 1841 | INV01263 | IBIHM023-19 | BOLD:AAV9350 | OR796944 |
| Megachilidae | Coelioxysargenteus Lepeletier, 1841 | INV12031 | IBIHM102-21 | BOLD:AAV9350 | OR796524 |
| Megachilidae | Coelioxysaurolimbatus Förster, 1853 | INV12452 | IBIHM1305-22 | BOLD:AES4301' | OR796710 |
| Megachilidae | Coelioxysbrevis Eversmann, 1852 | INV12032 | IBIHM103-21 | BOLD:ADD7530 | OR796712 |
| Megachilidae | Coelioxysechinatus Förster, 1853 | INV12034 | IBIHM105-21 | BOLD:AET4410' | OR796408 |
| Megachilidae | Coelioxysechinatus Förster, 1853 | INV12451 | IBIHM1304-22 | BOLD:AET4410' | OR796886 |
| Megachilidae | Coelioxyshaemorrhoa Förster, 1853 | INV12033 | IBIHM104-21 | BOLD:ADC9939 | OR796175 |
| Megachilidae | Coelioxyshaemorrhoa Förster, 1853 | INV12453 | IBIHM1306-22 | BOLD:ADC9939 | OR796411 |
| Megachilidae | Coelioxyshaemorrhoa Förster, 1853 | INV12454 | IBIHM1307-22 | BOLD:ADC9939 | OR796918 |
| Megachilidae | Coelioxysobtusus Pérez, 1884 | INV12455 | IBIHM1308-22 | BOLD:AEO4483' | OR795979 |
| Megachilidae | Coelioxysobtusus Pérez, 1884 | INV13345 | IBIHM915-21 | BOLD:AEO4483' | OR796752 |
| Megachilidae | Coelioxysobtusus Pérez, 1884 | INV13346 | IBIHM916-21 | BOLD:AEO4483' | OR796683 |
| Megachilidae | Dioxyscinctus (Jurine, 1807) | INV12017 | IBIHM088-21 | BOLD:AAY8179 | OR795977 |
| Megachilidae | Dioxyscinctus (Jurine, 1807) | INV12018 | IBIHM089-21 | BOLD:AAY8179 | OR796094 |
| Megachilidae | Dioxyspumilus Gerstäcker, 1869 | INV12019 | IBIHM090-21 | BOLD:AEO4333' | OR796459 |
| Megachilidae | Dioxyspumilus Gerstäcker, 1869 | INV12020 | IBIHM091-21 | BOLD:AEO4333' | OR796017 |
| Megachilidae | Dioxyspumilus Gerstäcker, 1869 | INV12021 | IBIHM092-21 | BOLD:AEO4333' | OR796503 |
| Megachilidae | Enslinianabidentata (Friese, 1899)# | INV12016 | IBIHM087-21 | BOLD:AEN9289' | OR796930 |
| Megachilidae | Heriadescrenulata Nylander, 1856 | INV12579 | IBIHM550-21 | BOLD:AAO0527 | OR796208 |
| Megachilidae | Heriadescrenulata Nylander, 1856 | INV13355 | IBIHM925-21 | BOLD:AAO0527 | OR795921 |
| Megachilidae | Heriadesrubicola Pérez, 1890 | INV12578 | IBIHM549-21 | BOLD:ABV4003 | OR796690 |
| Megachilidae | Heriadesrubicola Pérez, 1890 | INV13354 | IBIHM924-21 | BOLD:ABV4003 | OR796343 |
| Megachilidae | Heriadestruncorum (Linnaeus, 1758) | INV12596 | IBIHM567-21 | BOLD:AAI8422 | OR796706 |
| Megachilidae | Heriadestruncorum (Linnaeus, 1758) | INV13125 | IBIHM696-21 | BOLD:AAI8422 | OR796003 |
| Megachilidae | Heriadestruncorum (Linnaeus, 1758) | INV13356 | IBIHM926-21 | BOLD:AAI8422 | OR796811 |
| Megachilidae | Hoplitisacuticornis (Dufour & Perris, 1840) | INV12386 | IBIHM457-21 | BOLD:AAK6030 | OR796711 |
| Megachilidae | Hoplitisadunca (Panzer, 1798) | INV12421 | IBIHM1274-22 | BOLD:AAI1794 | OR796834 |
| Megachilidae | Hoplitisalbiscopa (Friese, 1899)# | INV12411 | IBIHM1264-22 | BOLD:AEO0400' | OR796864 |
| Megachilidae | Hoplitisalbiscopa (Friese, 1899)# | INV12412 | IBIHM1265-22 | BOLD:AEO0400' | OR796350 |
| Megachilidae | Hoplitisalbiscopa (Friese, 1899)# | INV13368 | IBIHM938-21 | BOLD:AEO0400' | OR796606 |
| Megachilidae | Hoplitisannulata (Latreille, 1811) | INV12383 | IBIHM454-21 | BOLD:ADD6906 | OR796334 |
| Megachilidae | Hoplitisannulata (Latreille, 1811) | INV13366 | IBIHM936-21 | BOLD:ADD6906 | OR796278 |
| Megachilidae | Hoplitisanthocopoides (Schenck, 1853) | INV12422 | IBIHM1275-22 | BOLD:AAC3950 | OR796540 |
| Megachilidae | Hoplitisantigae (Pérez, 1895) | INV12416 | IBIHM1269-22 | BOLD:AEN2131 | OR796920 |
| Megachilidae | Hoplitisantigae (Pérez, 1895) | INV12599 | IBIHM570-21 | BOLD:AEN2131 | OR796927 |
| Megachilidae | Hoplitisantigae (Pérez, 1895) | INV13369 | IBIHM939-21 | BOLD:AEN2131 | OR796276 |
| Megachilidae | Hoplitisbenoisti (Alfken, 1935) | INV12423 | IBIHM1276-22 | BOLD:AEV6823' | OR796146 |
| Megachilidae | Hoplitisbisulca (Gerstäcker, 1869) | INV12588 | IBIHM559-21 | BOLD:AEO0529 | OR796955 |
| Megachilidae | Hoplitisbrachypogon (Pérez, 1879)# | INV12393 | IBIHM464-21 | BOLD:AEP1421 | OR796219 |
| Megachilidae | Hoplitisbrachypogon (Pérez, 1879)# | INV13367 | IBIHM937-21 | BOLD:AEP1421 | OR795944 |
| Megachilidae | Hoplitiscadiza (Warncke, 1991)# | INV12419 | IBIHM1272-22 | BOLD:AER8784' | OR796351 |
| Megachilidae | Hoplitiscadiza (Warncke, 1991)# | INV12420 | IBIHM1273-22 | BOLD:AER8784' | OR796941 |
| Megachilidae | Hoplitiscampanularis (Morawitz, 1879)# | INV12413 | IBIHM1266-22 | BOLD:AES6061' | OR796849 |
| Megachilidae | Hoplitiscampanularis (Morawitz, 1879)# | INV12414 | IBIHM1267-22 | BOLD:AES6061' | OR796517 |
| Megachilidae | Hoplitisclaviventris (Thomson, 1872) | INV12402 | IBIHM1255-22 | BOLD:AAE5480 | OR796781 |
| Megachilidae | Hoplitiscristatula (van der Zanden, 1990) | INV12593 | IBIHM564-21 | BOLD:AEL6177 | OR796087 |
| Megachilidae | Hoplitisgrumi (Morawitz, 1894)# | INV12403 | IBIHM1256-22 | BOLD:AET3653' | OR796482 |
| Megachilidae | Hoplitisleucomelana (Kirby, 1802) | INV12398 | IBIHM469-21 | BOLD:AEL2158 | OR796262 |
| Megachilidae | Hoplitismarchali (Pérez, 1902) | INV12404 | IBIHM1257-22 | BOLD:AET3654' | OR796375 |
| Megachilidae | Hoplitisochraceicornis (Ferton, 1902)# | INV12424 | IBIHM1277-22 | BOLD:AER7475' | OR796745 |
| Megachilidae | Hoplitisochraceicornis (Ferton, 1902)# | INV12425 | IBIHM1278-22 | BOLD:AER7475' | OR796551 |
| Megachilidae | Hoplitispraestans (Morawitz, 1894) | INV12415 | IBIHM1268-22 | BOLD:AER7476' | OR796883 |
| Megachilidae | Hoplitisravouxi (Pérez, 1902) | INV12417 | IBIHM1270-22 | BOLD:AAI1840 | OR796297 |
| Megachilidae | Hoplitisravouxi (Pérez, 1902) | INV12418 | IBIHM1271-22 | BOLD:AET2330' | OR796284 |
| Megachilidae | Hoplitisstecki (Frey-Gessner, 1908) | INV02288 | IBIHM012-19 | BOLD:ACF9884 | OR796747 |
| Megachilidae | Hoplitisstecki (Frey-Gessner, 1908) | INV12577 | IBIHM548-21 | BOLD:ACF9884 | OR796934 |
| Megachilidae | Hoplitistridentata (Dufour & Perris, 1840) | INV12592 | IBIHM563-21 | BOLD:AAF2246 | OR796545 |
| Megachilidae | Icteranthidiumgrohmanni (Spinola, 1838) | INV12221 | IBIHM292-21 | BOLD:AEH0395 | OR796554 |
| Megachilidae | Icteranthidiumgrohmanni (Spinola, 1838) | INV13353 | IBIHM923-21 | BOLD:AEH0395 | OR796612 |
| Megachilidae | Lithurguschrysurus Fonscolombe, 1834 | INV12234 | IBIHM305-21 | BOLD:AAY7690 | OR796128 |
| Megachilidae | Lithurgustibialis Morawitz, 1875 | INV12235 | IBIHM306-21 | BOLD:ABW1174 | OR796131 |
| Megachilidae | Megachilealbisecta (Klug, 1817) | INV12237 | IBIHM308-21 | BOLD:AEO5749 | OR796529 |
| Megachilidae | Megachilealbisecta (Klug, 1817) | INV02293 | IBIHM043-19 | BOLD:AEO5750 | OR796820 |
| Megachilidae | Megachilealbonotata Radoszkowski, 1886# | INV12236 | IBIHM307-21 | BOLD:AAY7863 | OR796644 |
| Megachilidae | Megachileapicalis Spinola, 1808 | INV12238 | IBIHM309-21 | BOLD:AAF4159 | OR796843 |
| Megachilidae | Megachileapicalis Spinola, 1808 | INV13127 | IBIHM698-21 | BOLD:AAF4159 | OR796073 |
| Megachilidae | Megachileapicalis Spinola, 1808 | INV13342 | IBIHM912-21 | BOLD:AAF4159 | OR796453 |
| Megachilidae | Megachileargentata (Fabricius, 1793) | INV03735 | IBIHM048-19 | BOLD:AAD7803 | OR796463 |
| Megachilidae | Megachileargentata (Fabricius, 1793) | INV12437 | IBIHM1290-22 | BOLD:AAD7803 | OR796168 |
| Megachilidae | Megachileargentata (Fabricius, 1793) | INV12438 | IBIHM1291-22 | BOLD:AAD7803 | OR796062 |
| Megachilidae | Megachileargentata (Fabricius, 1793) | INV13129 | IBIHM700-21 | BOLD:AAD7803 | OR796759 |
| Megachilidae | Megachileargentata (Fabricius, 1793) | INV13343 | IBIHM913-21 | BOLD:AAD7803 | OR796717 |
| Megachilidae | Megachileargentata (Fabricius, 1793) | INV13348 | IBIHM918-21 | BOLD:AAD7803 | OR795928 |
| Megachilidae | Megachileargentata (Fabricius, 1793) | INV15662 | IBIHY006-22 | BOLD:AAD7803 | OR796548 |
| Megachilidae | Megachileargentata (Fabricius, 1793) | INV15675 | IBIHY018-22 | BOLD:AAD7803 | OR796040 |
| Megachilidae | Megachilecentuncularis (Linnaeus, 1758) | INV12239 | IBIHM310-21 | BOLD:AAA8356 | OR796591 |
| Megachilidae | Megachilecentuncularis (Linnaeus, 1758) | INV13130 | IBIHM701-21 | BOLD:AAA8356 | OR796214 |
| Megachilidae | Megachilecentuncularis (Linnaeus, 1758) | INV15682 | IBIHY024-22 | BOLD:AAA8356 | OR795976 |
| Megachilidae | Megachilecircumcincta (Kirby, 1802) | INV12240 | IBIHM311-21 | BOLD:AAC0049 | OR796424 |
| Megachilidae | Megachileericetorum Lepeletier, 1841 | INV12241 | IBIHM312-21 | BOLD:AEA9090 | OR796315 |
| Megachilidae | Megachilegiraudi Gerstäcker, 1869 | INV12242 | IBIHM313-21 | BOLD:AAY7848 | OR796814 |
| Megachilidae | Megachilegiraudi Gerstäcker, 1869 | INV12250 | IBIHM321-21 | BOLD:AAY7848 | OR795983 |
| Megachilidae | Megachilelagopoda (Linnaeus, 1761) | INV12243 | IBIHM314-21 | BOLD:AAE8874 | OR796800 |
| Megachilidae | Megachileleachella Curtis, 1828 | INV12244 | IBIHM315-21 | BOLD:AAD2767 | OR796799 |
| Megachilidae | Megachileleachella Curtis, 1828 | INV13126 | IBIHM697-21 | BOLD:AAD2767 | OR796560 |
| Megachilidae | Megachilelefebvrei (Lepeletier, 1841) | INV12245 | IBIHM316-21 | BOLD:ABW1753 | OR796585 |
| Megachilidae | Megachilemarginata Smith, 1853 | INV12256 | IBIHM327-21 | BOLD:AAK6960 | OR796666 |
| Megachilidae | Megachilemaritima (Kirby, 1802) | INV12246 | IBIHM317-21 | BOLD:AAD7888 | OR796336 |
| Megachilidae | Megachilemelanopyga Costa, 1863 | INV12247 | IBIHM318-21 | BOLD:AAE8870 | OR796688 |
| Megachilidae | Megachilemelanopyga Costa, 1863 | INV13128 | IBIHM699-21 | BOLD:AAE8870 | OR796692 |
| Megachilidae | Megachileoctosignata Nylander, 1852 | INV12248 | IBIHM319-21 | BOLD:ADM5545 | OR796519 |
| Megachilidae | Megachileopacifrons Pérez, 1897 | INV12249 | IBIHM320-21 | BOLD:ACF9800 | OR796342 |
| Megachilidae | Megachilepusilla Pérez, 1884 | INV12254 | IBIHM325-21 | BOLD:AAQ0516 | OR796440 |
| Megachilidae | Megachilepusilla Pérez, 1884 | INV15709 | IBIHY032-22 | BOLD:AAQ0516 | OR796806 |
| Megachilidae | Megachilepyrenaica Lepeletier, 1841 | INV12251 | IBIHM322-21 | BOLD:AAO0637 | OR795950 |
| Megachilidae | Megachilerotundata (Fabricius, 1787) | INV12252 | IBIHM323-21 | BOLD:AEO2625' | OR796888 |
| Megachilidae | Megachilesicula (Rossi, 1792) | INV12253 | IBIHM324-21 | BOLD:AEO4733 | OR796310 |
| Megachilidae | Megachilethevestensis Ferton, 1909# | INV12439 | IBIHM1292-22 | BOLD:AEU0213' | OR796095 |
| Megachilidae | Megachileversicolor Smith, 1844 | INV12440 | IBIHM1293-22 | BOLD:AAD5414 | OR796286 |
| Megachilidae | Megachileversicolor Smith, 1844 | INV12441 | IBIHM1294-22 | BOLD:AAD5414 | OR796813 |
| Megachilidae | Megachilewillughbiella (Kirby, 1802) | INV12255 | IBIHM326-21 | BOLD:ACE6545 | OR796784 |
| Megachilidae | Osmiaanceyi Pérez, 1879# | INV12435 | IBIHM1288-22 | BOLD:AEO4345' | OR795934 |
| Megachilidae | Osmiaanceyi Pérez, 1879# | INV12436 | IBIHM1289-22 | BOLD:AEO4345' | OR796078 |
| Megachilidae | Osmiaanceyi Pérez, 1879# | INV13361 | IBIHM931-21 | BOLD:AEO4345' | OR796194 |
| Megachilidae | Osmiaandrenoides Spinola, 1808 | INV12585 | IBIHM556-21 | BOLD:AEO0032' | OR796613 |
| Megachilidae | Osmiaargyropyga Pérez, 1879# | INV12582 | IBIHM553-21 | BOLD:AEO4346' | OR796318 |
| Megachilidae | Osmiaaurulenta (Panzer, 1799) | INV12580 | IBIHM551-21 | BOLD:AAE5409 | OR796218 |
| Megachilidae | Osmiaaurulenta (Panzer, 1799) | INV13131 | IBIHM702-21 | BOLD:AAE5409 | OR796819 |
| Megachilidae | Osmiabicornis (Linnaeus, 1758) | INV12434 | IBIHM1287-22 | BOLD:AAD6282 | OR796570 |
| Megachilidae | Osmiabicornis (Linnaeus, 1758) | INV12590 | IBIHM561-21 | BOLD:AAD6282 | OR796571 |
| Megachilidae | Osmiabicornis (Linnaeus, 1758) | INV13140 | IBIHM711-21 | BOLD:AAD6282 | OR796206 |
| Megachilidae | Osmiabicornis (Linnaeus, 1758) | INV13141 | IBIHM712-21 | BOLD:AAD6282 | OR796069 |
| Megachilidae | Osmiabrevicornis (Fabricius, 1798) | INV12586 | IBIHM557-21 | BOLD:AEF6206 | OR796722 |
| Megachilidae | Osmiacaerulescens (Linnaeus, 1758) | INV01272 | IBIHM024-19 | BOLD:AAD0313 | OR796932 |
| Megachilidae | Osmiacaerulescens (Linnaeus, 1758) | INV12389 | IBIHM460-21 | BOLD:AAD0313 | OR796122 |
| Megachilidae | Osmiacaerulescens (Linnaeus, 1758) | INV13132 | IBIHM703-21 | BOLD:AAD0313 | OR796264 |
| Megachilidae | Osmiacaerulescens (Linnaeus, 1758) | INV13133 | IBIHM704-21 | BOLD:AAD0313 | OR796121 |
| Megachilidae | Osmiacaerulescens (Linnaeus, 1758) | INV13136 | IBIHM707-21 | BOLD:AAD0313 | OR796831 |
| Megachilidae | Osmiacaerulescens (Linnaeus, 1758) | INV13362 | IBIHM932-21 | BOLD:AAD0313 | OR796700 |
| Megachilidae | Osmiacaerulescens (Linnaeus, 1758) | INV13364 | IBIHM934-21 | BOLD:AAD0313 | OR796822 |
| Megachilidae | Osmiacephalotes Morawitz, 1870 | INV12584 | IBIHM555-21 | BOLD:AEN9982' | OR796902 |
| Megachilidae | Osmiacyanoxantha Pérez, 1879# | INV12387 | IBIHM458-21 | BOLD:AEO1610' | OR796769 |
| Megachilidae | Osmiadimidiata Morawitz, 1870 | INV12583 | IBIHM554-21 | BOLD:AEO3684 | OR796840 |
| Megachilidae | Osmiaemarginata Lepeletier, 1841 | INV12589 | IBIHM560-21 | BOLD:AAE4126 | OR796550 |
| Megachilidae | Osmiaferruginea Latreille, 1811 | INV12390 | IBIHM461-21 | BOLD:AEN8200' | OR796956 |
| Megachilidae | Osmiagallarum Spinola, 1808 | INV12388 | IBIHM459-21 | BOLD:AAO8736 | OR796919 |
| Megachilidae | Osmiaiberica van der Zanden, 1987# | INV12581 | IBIHM552-21 | BOLD:AEN8862' | OR796166 |
| Megachilidae | Osmialabialis Pérez, 1879 | INV12591 | IBIHM562-21 | BOLD:ADY8979 | OR796634 |
| Megachilidae | Osmialabialis Pérez, 1879 | INV13360 | IBIHM930-21 | BOLD:ADY8979 | OR796812 |
| Megachilidae | Osmialatreillei (Spinola, 1806) | INV12397 | IBIHM468-21 | BOLD:AAZ7870 | OR796226 |
| Megachilidae | Osmialeaiana (Kirby, 1802) | INV12433 | IBIHM1286-22 | BOLD:AAI1846 | OR795900 |
| Megachilidae | Osmialigurica Morawitz, 1868 | INV12391 | IBIHM462-21 | BOLD:ADH8891 | OR796157 |
| Megachilidae | Osmialigurica Morawitz, 1868 | INV13134 | IBIHM705-21 | BOLD:ADH8891 | OR796542 |
| Megachilidae | Osmialunata Benoist, 1928# | INV12594 | IBIHM565-21 | BOLD:AEO3079' | OR796181 |
| Megachilidae | Osmiamelanogaster Spinola, 1808 | INV12392 | IBIHM463-21 | BOLD:AEN4264 | OR796787 |
| Megachilidae | Osmianiveata (Fabricius, 1804) | INV12399 | IBIHM470-21 | BOLD:AAP2416 | OR796451 |
| Megachilidae | Osmianiveata (Fabricius, 1804) | INV13137 | IBIHM708-21 | BOLD:AAP2416 | OR796054 |
| Megachilidae | Osmianiveata (Fabricius, 1804) | INV13138 | IBIHM709-21 | BOLD:AAP2416 | OR796289 |
| Megachilidae | Osmianiveata (Fabricius, 1804) | INV13363 | IBIHM933-21 | BOLD:AAP2416 | OR796743 |
| Megachilidae | Osmianiveocincta Pérez, 1879# | INV12394 | IBIHM465-21 | BOLD:AEO5031' | OR796088 |
| Megachilidae | Osmianiveocincta Pérez, 1879# | INV12432 | IBIHM1285-22 | BOLD:AEO5031' | OR796215 |
| Megachilidae | Osmiarufohirta Latreille, 1811 | INV12396 | IBIHM467-21 | BOLD:AEO0004' | OR796661 |
| Megachilidae | Osmiascutellaris Morawitz, 1868 | INV12428 | IBIHM1281-22 | BOLD:AEJ4270 | OR795981 |
| Megachilidae | Osmiascutellaris Morawitz, 1868 | INV12429 | IBIHM1282-22 | BOLD:AEJ4270 | OR796066 |
| Megachilidae | Osmiasignata Erichson, 1839 | INV12395 | IBIHM466-21 | BOLD:AEA2838 | OR796369 |
| Megachilidae | Osmiasignata Erichson, 1839 | INV13139 | IBIHM710-21 | BOLD:AEA2838 | OR796012 |
| Megachilidae | Osmiasubmicans Morawitz, 1870 | INV12385 | IBIHM456-21 | BOLD:AAK5820 | OR796167 |
| Megachilidae | Osmiasubmicans Morawitz, 1870 | INV13135 | IBIHM706-21 | BOLD:AAK5820 | OR796821 |
| Megachilidae | Osmiatergestensis Ducke, 1897 | INV12426 | IBIHM1279-22 | BOLD:AES2567 | OR796151 |
| Megachilidae | Osmiatergestensis Ducke, 1897 | INV12427 | IBIHM1280-22 | BOLD:AES2567 | OR796693 |
| Megachilidae | Osmiatricornis Latreille, 1811 | INV12587 | IBIHM558-21 | BOLD:AEN7876 | OR796603 |
| Megachilidae | Osmiauncicornis Pérez, 1895# | INV12430 | IBIHM1283-22 | BOLD:AET6037' | OR796119 |
| Megachilidae | Osmiauncicornis Pérez, 1895# | INV12431 | IBIHM1284-22 | BOLD:AET6037' | OR796632 |
| Megachilidae | Osmiaversicolor Latreille, 1811 | INV12384 | IBIHM455-21 | BOLD:AAZ7638 | OR796491 |
| Megachilidae | Protosmiaasensioi Griswold & Parker, 1987# | INV12409 | IBIHM1262-22 | BOLD:AET0069' | OR796232 |
| Megachilidae | Protosmiacapitata (Schletterer, 1889)# | INV12595 | IBIHM566-21 | BOLD:AEO6065' | OR796234 |
| Megachilidae | Protosmiaexenterata (Pérez, 1895)# | INV12407 | IBIHM1260-22 | BOLD:ACL7801 | OR796481 |
| Megachilidae | Protosmiaexenterata (Pérez, 1895)# | INV12408 | IBIHM1261-22 | BOLD:ACL7801 | OR796034 |
| Megachilidae | Protosmiaglutinosa (Giraud, 1871)# | INV12405 | IBIHM1258-22 | BOLD:AET0068' | OR796626 |
| Megachilidae | Protosmiaglutinosa (Giraud, 1871)# | INV12406 | IBIHM1259-22 | BOLD:AET0068' | OR796923 |
| Megachilidae | Pseudoanthidiumeximium (Giraud, 1863) | INV12222 | IBIHM293-21 | BOLD:AEO0467 | OR796544 |
| Megachilidae | Pseudoanthidiummelanurum (Klug, 1832) | INV12223 | IBIHM294-21 | BOLD:AEN8472' | OR796397 |
| Megachilidae | Pseudoanthidiumreticulatum (Mocsáry, 1884) | INV12226 | IBIHM297-21 | BOLD:AEO1983 | OR796518 |
| Megachilidae | Pseudoanthidiumscapulare (Latreille, 1809) | INV12224 | IBIHM295-21 | BOLD:AAK2762 | OR796572 |
| Megachilidae | Pseudoanthidiumscapulare (Latreille, 1809) | INV13351 | IBIHM921-21 | BOLD:AAK2762 | OR796139 |
| Megachilidae | Pseudoanthidiumscapulare (Latreille, 1809) | INV13352 | IBIHM922-21 | BOLD:AAK2762 | OR796446 |
| Megachilidae | Pseudoanthidiumstigmaticorne (Dours, 1873) | INV12225 | IBIHM296-21 | BOLD:ABV1020 | OR795943 |
| Megachilidae | Rhodanthidiuminfuscatum (Erichson, 1839) | INV12233 | IBIHM304-21 | BOLD:AEO5272 | OR796410 |
| Megachilidae | Rhodanthidiumseptemdentatum (Latreille, 1809) | INV12232 | IBIHM303-21 | BOLD:AAY5674 | OR796686 |
| Megachilidae | Rhodanthidiumsiculum (Spinola, 1838) | INV12230 | IBIHM301-21 | BOLD:AEA0375 | OR796863 |
| Megachilidae | Rhodanthidiumsticticum (Fabricius, 1787) | INV12231 | IBIHM302-21 | BOLD:AEH2459 | OR796679 |
| Megachilidae | Stelisbreviuscula (Nylander, 1848) | INV12026 | IBIHM097-21 | BOLD:ACE4655 | OR796532 |
| Megachilidae | Stelisbreviuscula (Nylander, 1848) | INV13357 | IBIHM927-21 | BOLD:ACE4655 | OR796105 |
| Megachilidae | Stelisnasuta (Latreille, 1809) | INV12000 | IBIHM071-21 | BOLD:AEC4732 | OR796907 |
| Megachilidae | Stelisortizi M.Schwarz & Gusenleitner, 2010# | INV12023 | IBIHM094-21 | BOLD:AEO2242' | OR796249 |
| Megachilidae | Stelisphaeoptera (Kirby, 1802) | INV12024 | IBIHM095-21 | BOLD:AAY9796 | OR796535 |
| Megachilidae | Stelispunctulatissima (Kirby, 1802) | INV12025 | IBIHM096-21 | BOLD:AAJ4972 | OR795972 |
| Megachilidae | Trachusabyssina (Panzer, 1798) | INV12228 | IBIHM299-21 | BOLD:AAF1587 | OR796792 |
| Megachilidae | Trachusainterrupta (Fabricius, 1781) | INV12229 | IBIHM300-21 | BOLD:ACW1366 | OR796154 |
| Megachilidae | Trachusalaeviventris (Dours, 1873) | INV12227 | IBIHM298-21 | BOLD:AEN7816 | OR796437 |
| Melittidae | Dasypodacingulata Erichson, 1835 | INV12480 | IBIHM1333-22 | BOLD:ACK7071 | OR796071 |
| Melittidae | Dasypodacingulata Erichson, 1835 | INV12481 | IBIHM1334-22 | BOLD:ACK7071 | OR796577 |
| Melittidae | Dasypodacingulata Erichson, 1835 | INV13148 | IBIHM719-21 | BOLD:ACK7071 | OR796207 |
| Melittidae | Dasypodacrassicornis Friese, 1896 | INV12366 | IBIHM437-21 | BOLD:AEO3711 | OR795961 |
| Melittidae | Dasypodacrassicornis Friese, 1896 | INV13311 | IBIHM881-21 | BOLD:AEO3711 | OR796874 |
| Melittidae | Dasypodacrassicornis Friese, 1896 | INV13313 | IBIHM883-21 | BOLD:AEO3711 | OR796331 |
| Melittidae | Dasypodadusmeti Quilis, 1928 | INV12363 | IBIHM434-21 | BOLD:ACK5966 | OR796505 |
| Melittidae | Dasypodadusmeti Quilis, 1928 | INV13144 | IBIHM715-21 | BOLD:ACK5966 | OR796584 |
| Melittidae | Dasypodadusmeti Quilis, 1928 | INV13152 | IBIHM723-21 | BOLD:ACK5966 | OR796682 |
| Melittidae | Dasypodahirtipes (Fabricius, 1793) | INV12365 | IBIHM436-21 | BOLD:AEO2254' | OR796810 |
| Melittidae | Dasypodahirtipes (Fabricius, 1793) | INV13145 | IBIHM716-21 | BOLD:AEO2254' | OR796001 |
| Melittidae | Dasypodahirtipes (Fabricius, 1793) | INV13151 | IBIHM722-21 | BOLD:AEO2254' | OR796845 |
| Melittidae | Dasypodamorotei Quilis, 1928 | INV12362 | IBIHM433-21 | BOLD:AEN9179 | OR796897 |
| Melittidae | Dasypodamorotei Quilis, 1928 | INV12478 | IBIHM1331-22 | BOLD:AEN9179 | OR796496 |
| Melittidae | Dasypodamorotei Quilis, 1928 | INV12479 | IBIHM1332-22 | BOLD:AEN9179 | OR795926 |
| Melittidae | Dasypodamorotei Quilis, 1928 | INV13312 | IBIHM882-21 | BOLD:AEN9179 | OR796109 |
| Melittidae | Dasypodapyrotrichia Förster, 1855 | INV12476 | IBIHM1329-22 | BOLD:AES3843' | OR796042 |
| Melittidae | Dasypodaradchenkoi Ghisbain & Wood, 2023 | INV12361 | IBIHM432-21 | BOLD:AEO4511' | OR796794 |
| Melittidae | Dasypodaradchenkoi Ghisbain & Wood, 2023 | INV12477 | IBIHM1330-22 | BOLD:AEO4511' | OR796019 |
| Melittidae | Dasypodavisnaga (Rossi, 1790) | INV12367 | IBIHM438-21 | BOLD:AEO0075 | OR796650 |
| Melittidae | Macropisfulvipes (Fabricius, 1804) | INV12360 | IBIHM431-21 | BOLD:AAJ1462 | OR795995 |
| Melittidae | Macropisfulvipes (Fabricius, 1804) | INV13321 | IBIHM891-21 | BOLD:AAJ1462 | OR796427 |
| Melittidae | Melittaleporina (Panzer, 1799) | INV12368 | IBIHM439-21 | BOLD:AAF4411 | OR796838 |
The BOLD BIN system uses algorithms to cluster sequences into operational taxonomic units (OTUs) that closely correspond to species (Ratnasingham and Hebert 2013). A total of 535 BINs were retrieved by BOLD (Ratnasingham and Hebert 2007) and 112 BINs are unique to our dataset (Table 1, Suppl. material 1). Sequences from two specimens were not attributed to BINs as their sequences were only 418 or 326 base pairs in length (Suppl. material 1). To our knowledge, this is the first study to systematically focus on DNA barcoding bees in the Iberian Peninsula. This study shows that DNA barcode sequences, based on the COI mitochondrial gene fragment, can be highly useful in identifying Iberian bee samples to species level with 486 of the 514 species (94.9%) assigned to unique BINs. However, 27 species were assigned to at least two BINS (Table 2); these cases are discussed below.
Table 2.
Bee species from Iberia that were assigned to two or more BINs. Percentage of divergence represents the maximum sequence distance between specimens from our dataset in the BINs nominally comprising a species.
| No. | Species | No. of BINs | % Divergence | Sympatric | Geographic origin | BIN |
| 1 | Amegillaalbigena (Lepeletier, 1841) | 2 | 14.02 | No | Spain (Murcia) | BOLD:AEL4482 |
| Portugal (Castelo Branco), Spain (Granada) | BOLD:AEO2968 | |||||
| 2 | Andrenaampla Warncke, 1967 | 2 | 2.81 | No | Portugal (Aveiro) | BOLD:ABA2611 |
| Spain (Ávila) | BOLD:AES0278 | |||||
| 3 | Andrenahesperia Smith, 1853 | 2 | 10.20 | Yes | Portugal (Beja) | BOLD:AEN4997 |
| Portugal (Beja; Castelo Branco) | BOLD:AEO5653 | |||||
| 4 | Andrenalimata Smith, 1853 | 2 | 3.77 | Yes | Portugal (Castelo Branco), Spain (Girona) | BOLD:AAE1815 |
| Portugal (Castelo Branco) | BOLD:AEX3903 | |||||
| 5 | Andrenamorio Brullé, 1832 | 2 | 2.64 | Yes | Portugal (Faro, Castelo Branco) | BOLD:AAJ2141 |
| Portugal (Castelo Branco) | BOLD:AER2061 | |||||
| 6 | Andrenapropinqua Schenck, 1853 | 2 | 5.41 | Yes | Portugal (Castelo Branco, Coimbra), Spain (Málaga) | BOLD:AAJ2115 |
| Portugal (Aveiro, Castelo Branco, Coimbra) | BOLD:AEN9473 | |||||
| 7 | Andrenarussula Lepeletier, 1841 | 2 | 5.60 | No | Portugal (Castelo Branco, Santarém) | BOLD:AAZ1205 |
| Portugal (Faro, Setubal) | BOLD:AEN8931 | |||||
| 8 | Anthidiumdiadema Latreille, 1809 | 2 | 2.81 | Yes | Spain (Madrid) | BOLD:AER0584 |
| Spain (Madrid) | BOLD:AET3713 | |||||
| 9 | Anthophoraplumipes (Pallas, 1772) | 2 | 5.86 | No | Portugal (Coimbra), Spain (Cádiz) | BOLD:AEN8725 |
| Portugal (Braga) | BOLD:AEO1358 | |||||
| 10 | Chelostomacampanularum (Kirby, 1802) | 2 | 4.25 | No | Portugal (Viseu) | BOLD:AAB1123 |
| Spain (Granada, Málaga) | BOLD:AET7155 | |||||
| 11 | Colleteshylaeiformis Eversmann, 1852 | 2 | 4.70 | No | Portugal (Castelo Branco) | BOLD:AEU8542 |
| Spain (Ávila) | BOLD:AEW0951 | |||||
| 12 | Flavipanurgusgranadensis (Warncke, 1987) | 2 | 5.93 | No | Spain (Cádiz) | BOLD:AEO4846 |
| Spain (Murcia) | BOLD:AEO4847 | |||||
| 13 | Halictusmaculatus Smith, 1848 | 2 | 3.60 | No | Portugal (Porto) | BOLD:ACH4344 |
| Spain (Granada) | BOLD:AEO0160 | |||||
| 14 | Hoplitisravouxi (Pérez, 1902) | 2 | 2.64 | No | Spain (Teruel) | BOLD:AAI1840 |
| Spain (Málaga) | BOLD:AET2330 | |||||
| 15 | Hylaeusangustatus (Schenck, 1861) | 2 | 6.84% | No | Spain (León, Teruel) | BOLD:AAK3477 |
| Portugal (Castelo Branco, Viseu) | BOLD:AEN9677 | |||||
| 16 | Lasioglossumcalceatum (Scopoli, 1763) | 2 | 6.55 | No | Portugal (Aveiro, Viana do Castelo) | BOLD:AAB0353 |
| Spain (Málaga) | BOLD:AEO1453 | |||||
| 17 | Lasioglossumleucozonium (Schrank, 1781) | 2 | 6.42 | Yes | Portugal (Aveiro) | BOLD:AAA2322 |
| Portugal (Aveiro, Leiria), Spain (Granada) | BOLD:AEN9620 | |||||
| 18 | Lasioglossummalachurum (Kirby, 1802) | 2 | 13.66 | No | Spain (Málaga) | BOLD:AAE5496 |
| Portugal (Aveiro) | BOLD:AEO8786 | |||||
| 19 | Lasioglossumtransitorium (Schenck, 1868) | 2 | 2.01 | No | Portugal (Aveiro), Spain (Cuenca, Granada) | BOLD:AEM8844 |
| Spain (Lleida) | BOLD:AER6557 | |||||
| 20 | Lasioglossumxanthopus (Kirby, 1802) | 2 | 2.01 | No | Spain (Granada) | BOLD:AAE1789 |
| Portugal (Castelo Branco) | BOLD:AEW1421 | |||||
| 21 | Megachilealbisecta (Klug, 1817) | 2 | 2.17 | No | Spain (Granada) | BOLD:AEO5749 |
| Portugal (Bragança) | BOLD:AEO5750 | |||||
| 22 | Nomadabasalis Herrich-Schäffer, 1839 | 3 | 5.71 | No | Portugal (Castelo Branco) | BOLD:AEK6178 |
| Spain (Cuenca) | BOLD:AEN3462 | |||||
| Portugal (Lisbon), Spain (Madrid, Málaga) | BOLD:AEO4155 | |||||
| 23 | Nomadadistinguenda Morawitz, 1874 | 2 | 3.60 | No | Portugal (Aveiro) | BOLD:ACY0250 |
| Portugal (Bragança) | BOLD:AET5764 | |||||
| 24 | Nomadafemoralis Morawitz, 1869 | 2 | 7.05 | No | Spain (Granada) | BOLD:AAI2830 |
| Portugal (Aveiro, Faro), Spain (Ávila) | BOLD:AEO6156 | |||||
| 25 | Nomadaglaucopis Pérez, 1890 | 2 | 3.11 | No | Portugal (Castelo Branco) | BOLD:AEJ1237 |
| Spain (Granada, Guadalajara, Madrid, Málaga) | BOLD:AEO3423 | |||||
| 26 | Nomadaintegra Brullé, 1832 | 3 | 3.43 | No | Spain (Ávila) | BOLD:ABZ1320 |
| Portugal (Castelo Branco), Spain (Málaga) | BOLD:AEN8926 | |||||
| Spain (Segovia) | BOLD:AEO3904 | |||||
| 27 | Sphecodesalternatus Smith, 1853 | 2 | 7.97 | Yes | Portugal (Castelo Branco), Spain (Madrid, Granada) | BOLD:ACD7802 |
| Portugal (Castelo Branco) | BOLD:AEO6580 |
While is possible to consider that the taxonomy of Iberian Bees is currently better understood than in its recent past and the number of species currently known is close to the real number of species of the region, there are still some groups that require further research. High genetic diversity within a nominal species might be a signal of unresolved taxonomy, cryptic diversity or a signature of evolutionary history of the group that lead to the differentiation of isolated populations within the same species. These phenomena are well known for many organisms in the Iberian Peninsula as a result of the occurrence of several refugia within the Peninsula itself, referred to as “refugia within refugia” (Gómez and Lunt 2007, Abellán and Svenning 2014, de Sousa et al. 2023). Therefore, several species that present a rather homegeneous genetic signature across their European ranges can exhibit more than one genetically differentiated population within the Iberian Peninsula, potentially resulting in the classification of specimens in more than one BIN.
In this context, it is important to note immediately that the placement of nominal species into multiple BINs can only be considered an initial step in the recognition of potential overlooked or cryptic diversity. There are multiple cases within the global (e.g. Gibbs (2018)) or European (Gueuning et al. 2020) bee faunas where barcodes cannot resolve taxonomic issues alone and each problem must be dealt with on a case-by-case basis due to the variation in mechanisms underpinning each species or species-complex.
Overall, our results confirm that a DNA barcode library is an essential tool for incorporating DNA metabarcoding and environmental DNA techniques in biodiversity monitoring and to unveil the networks of species interactions that drive ecological and evolutionary dynamics in the ecosystems. Our results constitute a first and major step in the construction of a DNA barcode database of Iberian bee species.
Outstanding taxonomic uncertainties
As noted above, 27 nominal species were assigned to at least two BINs. The greatest number of cases were found in the genera Andrena (six species), Lasioglossum (five species) and Nomada (five species), which is not surprising since these are the three largest genera in Iberia and those that present the most difficult taxonomy.
Amegillaalbigena (Lepeletier, 1841)
Three specimens of Amegillaalbigena are separated in two BINs, one that we consider to be the true A.albigena (BOLD:AEL4482) (Wood & Rasmont, additional unpublished data) and the other considered to be A.talaris (Pérez, 1895) (BOLD:AEO2968) that is not currently recognised as a species (Ghisbain & Rosa et al. 2023), but is clearly separated genetically from Amegillaalbigena by a maximum genetic distance of 14.02%. In the key of Ortiz-Sánchez and Jiménez-Rodríguez (1991), specimens of A.talaris key out as A.fasciata (Fabricius, 1775). True A.fasciata (sequenced here, BOLD:AEN9315) keys out as A.andresi Friese, 1914, but this species appears to be absent from Iberia (Wood & Rasmont, unpublished data). The formal elevation and recognition of A.talaris as a good species will be carried out in a future work; both A.albigena and A.talaris are widespread throughout Iberia.
Andrenaampla Warncke, 1967
The BOLD system identified two BINs for Andrenaampla, BOLD:ABA2611 from northern Portugal and BOLD:AES0278 from central Spain. The status of the species within the Andrenaproxima-group (including A.ampla, the only member of the group present in Iberia) has recently been conclusively resolved in Central Europe (McLaughlin et al. 2022). The BIN BOLD:ABA2611 containing the sequence from northern Portugal is the typical Central European BIN for A.ampla containing around 35 other sequences from Morocco, Spain (Granada, not sequenced in this study, published in dataset attached to Wood (2023)), France, Switzerland, Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom. The sequence from central Spain falling into BIN BOLD:AES0278 is unique and contains only this sequence. Whilst the genetic distance between the two specimens presented here (central Spain and northern Portugal) is 2.81%, the smallest distance between the sequence from central Spain and other members of the A.ampla BIN BOLD:AES0278 is 1.68%.
Since the overall geographic distribution of the typical A.ampla BIN (BOLD:AES0278) encompasses that of the unique specimen from central Spain and there do not appear to be morphological differences between specimens from central Spain and elsewhere, this observed genetic distance could simply be variation. Alternatively, the unique sequence could be a NUMT (nuclear-embedded mitochondrial DNA sequence) and, thus, does not represent a genuine mitochondrial sequence. Given these points, specimens from central Spain are considered to be conspecific with A.ampla pending further study.
AndrenahesperiaSmith, 1853
Four sequences of this widely-distributed species were generated. Two sequences from southern Portugal (Beja) fell into BOLD:AEN4997, which also includes a sequence from south-western Morocco (WPATW632-22). These sequences were strongly separated (maximum genetic distance of 10.20%) from two sequences from southern (Beja) and central (Castelo Branco) Portugal which fell into BOLD:AEO5653, with this BIN also containing three sequences from Spain (Granada, Málaga, Toledo) generated by Wood (2023). Barcoding members of the subgenusChrysandrena Hedicke, 1933, to which Andrenahesperia belongs, does not appear to be straightforward, with multiple mitochondrial lineages present in addition to those presented here (Wood, unpublished data). The three specimens from southern Portugal (Beja) were collected from the same site on the same day, with two mitochondrial lineages present and no apparent morphological differences. Further study is required, but based on morphology, the judgement is made that, at the present time, there is no justification to split up A.hesperia.
Andrenalimata Smith, 1853 and A.thoracica (Kirby, 1802)
Andrena (Melandrena) species often present complex COI data (Wood 2023). Specimens identified in our study as Andrenalimata and Andrenathoracica were found to share a BIN (BOLD:AAE1815) and A.limata sequences were also placed in an additional BIN (BOLD:AEX3903). These two BINs were separated by a maximum genetic distance of 3.77%. Though we did not sequence any Iberian specimens of A.nitida (Müller, 1766), these three species combined present serious taxonomic problems regarding their consistent recognition across their range due to variable expression of morphological characters. Analysis of additional sequences from inside and outside of Iberia (Wood 2023) identified five mitochondrial clades covering these three nominal species, one for A.thoracica, one for A.nitida and three for A.limata.
From the data we present here, the A.limata/A.thoracica BIN BOLD:AAE1815 contains sequences from Portugal, Spain, Italy, Germany, Austria, Poland, Romania, Turkey, Lebanon, Israel and Kazakhstan and corresponds to the limata #1 + thoracica lineages of Wood (2023). The A.limata BIN BOLD:AEX3903 contains sequences from Morocco, Portugal, Spain and France and corresponds to the limata #2 lineage of Wood (2023). Though none of the data we presented fell into this BIN, an additional BIN BOLD:AEW6788 is available containing A.limata/A.nitida sequences from Spain, France, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Austria, Finland and Russia and corresponding to the limata #3 + nitida lineages of Wood (2023). The five clades of Wood (2023), therefore, fall into three BINs, but without agreement with the existing morphological concepts.
In this context, the results presented here fit into this broader pattern of complex COI data. It is clear that more powerful genetic techniques are required to resolve species boundaries in this difficult group of species and, thus, no action is taken here.
Andrenamorio Brullé, 1832
Sequences of Andrenamorio produced two BINs, with specimens from central Portugal (Castelo Branco) falling into both BINs, which were minimally separated by a maximum genetic distance of 2.64%. Andrenamorio produces a range of barcodes, with a broad species concept followed by Wood (2023) who synonymised the predominantly Iberian A.hispania Warncke, 1967 with it. The genetic distances reported here are considered to represent variation when considered across the entire range of A.morio and the genetic differentiation that it presents (Wood 2023).
Andrenapropinqua Schenck, 1853
Andrenapropinqua has been a somewhat controversial taxon and has been placed either in synonymy with or as a subspecies of A.dorsata (Kirby, 1802) in the past. The current evidence supports its species status, based on analysis of Ultra-conserved Elements (Gueuning et al. 2020), as barcodes alone are insufficient to allow for consistent separation. Sequences from central Portugal (Castelo Branco and Coimbra) and southern Spain (Málaga) fell into BOLD:AAJ2115 which contains a mixture of A.dorsata and A.propinqua sequences from across Europe, whereas sequences from central and northern Portugal (Aveiro, Castelo Branco, Coimbra) fell into BOLD:AEN9473 which currently contains five sequences from Iberia only. The two BINs were separated by a maximum genetic distance of 5.41%. Based on morphological analysis, A.dorsata is restricted in Iberia to northern Spain, from Galicia across the Cantabrian mountains to the Pyrenees (Wood 2023). Given the complexity present, no taxonomic action is taken, as these variable barcodes are considered to represent only variation, following the study of Gueuning et al. (2020).
AndrenarussulaLepeletier, 1841
Praz et al. (2022) recently resolved many classification issues within the subgenusTaeniandrena Hedicke, 1933, including for Andrenarussula. Sequences of the true A.russula were generated from central Portugal (Castelo Branco, Santarém), falling into BOLD:AAZ1205, along with sequences from Portugal, Spain, Morocco and Italy. More broadly, these sequences correspond to the A.russula of Praz et al. (2022) and the A.russula #1 of Wood (2023). However, in southern Portugal (Faro, Setubal), this mitochondrial lineage is replaced by BOLD:AEN8931 which is strongly separated from the previous BIN (maximum genetic distance of 5.60%) and which conforms to the "sp. nov. 2" lineage of Praz et al. (2022) and the A.russula #2 lineage of Wood (2023). Morphologically, there are no apparent differences between the two lineages. Interestingly, BOLD:AEN8931 contains four currently unpublished sequences from France. Taxonomic revision is required to determine how to recognise this divergent mitochondrial lineage morphologically, as it likely represents yet another cryptic and undescribed Taeniandrena species in the west Mediterranean (Wood et al. 2021, Wood 2022, Praz et al. 2022). Given the occurrence in France, this lineage should be present also in southern and eastern Spain. No concrete action is taken here.
AnthidiumdiademaLatreille, 1809
Two specimens of Anthidiumdiadema, both from Madrid, were separated by a genetic distance of 2.81% and consequently fell into separate BINs. The two specimens were male and female, so a comparison of morphological differences is not possible. No further action is taken here without further genetic sampling.
Anthophoraplumipes (Pallas, 1772)
Anthophoraplumipes is the most abundant anthophorine species in the West Palaearctic. Specimens from central Portugal (Coimbra) and southern Spain (Cádiz) fell into BOLD:AEN8725 which so far contains sequences from Iberia only. A specimen from northern Portugal (Braga) produced a sequence which fell into BOLD:AEO1358 which contains sequences from across the West Palaearctic. Whilst the sequences were moderately separated (maximum genetic distance of 5.86%), in a broader analysis of samples of A.plumipes from across the West Palaearctic (Wood, Boustani & Rasmont, unpublished data), no clear geographically consistent clades could be observed. Moreover, the morphology of specimens was consistent across this range, with variation predominantly comprising hair colour. A broad species concept is, therefore, retained for A.plumipes.
Chelostomacampanularum (Kirby, 1802)
Two specimens from northern Portugal (Viseu) fell into BOLD:AAB1123 which contains typical Chelostomacampanularum sequences from across Europe (and Canada where the species is introduced). However, two specimens from southern Spain (Granada, Málaga) fell into BOLD:AET7155 which was separated by a maximum genetic distance of 4.25%. These divergent sequences merit further study, as the taxonomy of the small-bodied Chelostoma species around C.campanularum (subgenusFoveosmia) is challenging; no action is taken at the present time.
Colleteshylaeiformis Eversmann, 1852
Specimens from central Portugal (Castelo Branco, BOLD:AEU8542) and central Spain (Ávila, BOLD:AEW0951) were assigned to different BINS (maximum genetic distance 4.70%). Both BINs contained only a single sequence and neither BIN matched BOLD:AAJ7533 which is the BIN for Colleteshylaeiformis sequences from Austria, France, Germany and Hungary. Further study is required to establish if Iberian material is simply genetically differentiated due to isolation by distance or whether these differences are more substantive.
Flavipanurgusgranadensis(Warncke, 1987)
Flavipanurgusgranadensis was described with a locus typicus in the Sierra Nevada (Granada) in southern Spain. Sequences from south-western Spain (Cádiz, BOLD:AEO4846) and south-eastern Spain (Murcia, BOLD:AEO4847) fell into distinct BINs and were separated by a maximum genetic distance of 5.93%. The BOLD:AEO4846 BIN additionally contains three sequences from Málaga and Cuenca (Wood & Boustani, unpublished data). Given the taxonomic complexity within Flavipanurgus (Cross and Wood 2018), it is not impossible that the specimen from Murcia represents an additional cryptic species, but dedicated study is necessary, as well as genotyping the population present on the Sierra Nevada.
HalictusmaculatusSmith, 1848
Halictusmaculatus is a widespread species and a sequence from northern Portugal (Porto) fell into BOLD:ACH4344 which contains sequences from Austria, France, Italy and Russia. However, a sequence from southern Spain (Granada) fell into BOLD:AEO0160 which is a unique BIN, separated by a maximum genetic distance of 3.6%. The specimen is a female and it is not impossible that it represents the Spanish endemic species H.toparensis Ortiz-Sánchez & Pauly, 2017 which was described from a single male from southern Spain (Almería) and which is morphologically close to H.maculatus (Ortiz-Sánchez and Pauly 2017). This species has recently been found to be more widespread in central Spain (Álvarez Fidalgo et al. 2023) and so is presence also in Granada is possible. Further barcoding of H.toparensis males is required in order to definitively associate the female sex for this species. It should also be noted that none of our material fell into BOLD:AAY5383 which is the principal European BIN for H.maculatus (by number of sequences and geographical distribution), containing sequences from Austria, France, Italy, Germany and Switzerland. Further study is required.
Hoplitisravouxi(Pérez, 1902)
Hoplitisravouxi is a widespread European species. A sequence from eastern Spain (Teruel, BOLD:AAI1840) fell into a BIN with sequences from France and Germany. A sequence from southern Spain (Málaga, BOLD:AET2330) was separated by a maximum genetic distance of 2.64%, with the resulting BIN being unique. Further study is required, as this southern sequence may simply represent separation by distance.
Hylaeusangustatus(Schenck, 1861)
Four specimens of Hylaeusangustatus were separated in two BINs, one that we consider to be the true H.angustatus (BOLD:AAK3477) containing specimens from northern and eastern Spain (León, Teruel, as well as other sequences from France, Italy, Germany and Austria) and the other containing specimens from Portugal (Castelo Branco, Viseu; BIN known from Iberia only) considered to be what was reported from Iberia as H.angustatuspunctifrons (Pérez, 1903) (BOLD:AEN9677) that is not currently recognised at the species level (Ghisbain & Rosa et al. 2023). However, this BIN was strongly separated genetically from Hylaeusangustatus by a high genetic distance of 6.84%. Hylaeusangustatus is a morphologically and genetically very variable species that most probably represents a species complex currently including two described species, H.angustatus and H.mariannae Theunert, 2013, this latter species being represented by an additional highly divergent BIN (Le Divelec, unpublished data) and which cannot be associated with Iberian material morphologically or genetically. The morphological boundaries of the two Iberian forms of H.angustatus are still unclear and further work is needed to clarify the taxonomy and nomenclature of this species group.
Lasioglossumcalceatum (Scopoli, 1763)
For this extremely common and widespread species, sequences from northern Portugal (Aveiro, Viana do Castelo, BOLD:AAB0353) fell into the typical BIN for this species with hundreds of sequences from across the Palaearctic. However, a sequence from southern Spain (Málaga, BOLD:AEO1453) was placed in a unique BIN which was actually genetically closer to L.albipes (Fabricius, 1781). This BIN was separated from our typical L.calceatum BIN by a maximum genetic distance of 6.55%. Both L.calceatum and L.albipes are very rare in southern Iberia (Ortiz-Sánchez and Pauly 2017) and are more or less restricted to mountains. The specimen producing the unique BIN was collected at high altitude in the Sierra de las Nieves (between 1200 and 1600 m) and may represent an isolated population of L.calceatum or perhaps an undescribed species. Further study is required.
Lasioglossumleucozonium (Schrank, 1781) and Lasioglossumleucozoniumcedri Ebmer, 1976
Lasioglossumleucozonium is a widespread Palaearctic species and a sequence from northern Portugal (Aveiro, BOLD:AAA2322) fell into the typical L.leucozonium BIN with hundreds of sequences from Europe to Central Asia, as well as North America where it is introduced. However, sequences from northern and central Portugal (Aveiro, Leiria) and southern Spain (Granada) fell into BOLD:AEN9620 which contains sequences from Portugal, Spain and Morocco. This BIN was separated by a maximum genetic distance of 6.42% and represents the taxon ssp. cedri which is not currently recognised at species level. A revision of the subgenusLeuchalictus Warncke, 1975 to which these taxa belong is currently in preparation (S. Flaminio, pers. comm.) and so no taxonomic action is taken here.
Lasioglossummalachurum (Kirby, 1802)
A sequence from southern Spain (Málaga, BOLD:AAE5496) fell into the typical L.malachurum BIN with hundreds of sequences from the West Palaearctic. Surprisingly, a specimen from northern Portugal (Aveiro, BOLD:AEO8786) was strongly separated by a maximum genetic distance of 13.66%, though it was closest to the typical L.malachurum BIN. Further study is required.
Lasioglossumtransitorium(Schenck, 1868) and L.transitoriumplanulum (Pérez, 1903)
Lasioglossumtransitoriumplanulum is the western subspecies of L.transitorium and is found across Iberia (Ortiz-Sánchez and Pauly 2017). Sequences from northern Portugal (Aveiro) and eastern and southern Spain (Cuenca, Granada) fell into BOLD:AEM8844 that contains sequences from only Spain and Portugal. However, a specimen from north-eastern Spain (Lleida) fell into BOLD:AER6557 (containing additional sequences from France and Switzerland) which was separated by a maximum genetic distance of 2.01%. Detailed study is required to establish whether these represent the taxa L.transitoriumplanulum and L.transitorium s. str., respectively and whether they should be treated as distinct species or not.
Lasioglossumxanthopus(Kirby, 1802) and L.xanthopussoreli (Dours, 1872)
A sequence from southern Spain (Granada, BOLD:AAE1789) fell into the typical L.xanthopus BIN with sequences from Belgium, France, Germany, Kyrgyzstan, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. A sequence from central Portugal (Castelo Branco) fell into BOLD:AEW1421 which contains one other sequence from Morocco (Wood, unpublished data) and which was separated by a maximum genetic distance of 2.01%. Further study is required to establish whether this material represents a distinct species and whether it could be referrable to the concept of L.xanthopussoreli (for which the type material is lost). Lasioglossumsoreli was described from Algeria and, although the type material is lost, if further genetic analysis of Iberian and North African xanthopus sensu lato is conducted, the taxon soreli can be newly delineated.
Megachilealbisecta (Klug, 1817)
Sequences from southern Spain (Granada, BOLD:AEO5749) and northern Portugal (Bragança, BOLD:AEO5750) were separated by a maximum genetic distance of 2.17%. Both BINs also contained sequences from France and Italy in addition to the Spanish sequences. Given the low genetic distance, this is considered to simply represent variation.
NomadabasalisHerrich-Schäffer, 1839
This morphologically highly variable species was placed in three BINs, specifically specimens from central Portugal (Castelo Branco, BOLD:AEK6178, sequences also from France and Italy), eastern Spain (Cuenca, BOLD:AEN3462, Iberia only) and central Portugal (Lisbon) and central and southern Spain (Madrid, Málaga, BOLD:AEO4155, Iberia only). The maximum gentic distance between members of these BINs was 5.71%. BOLD:AEK6178 also contains sequences from France and Italy, but the two other BINs are currently known only from Iberia. Nomadabasalis is the brood-parasite of Eucera (Hetereucera) species, such as E.elongatula Vachal, 1907 (Baldock et al. 2018); this subgenus is diversified and species-rich in Iberia, offering many potential hosts for N.basalis and possibly unknown related taxa. A large number of names are available for N.basalis as, due to its morphological variation, it was described many times (Smit 2018). Taxonomic revision is required to establish whether N.basalis represents a species complex or whether it is simply a highly variable species.
NomadadistinguendaMorawitz, 1874
A sequence from northern Portugal (Aveiro, BOLD:ACY0250) clustered with N.distinguenda from France, Italy and the Netherlands. However, an additional sequence from northern Portugal (Bragança, BOLD:AET5764) formed a unique BIN. The maximum genetic distance between these BINs was 3.6%. Importantly, none of the Iberian material fell into BOLD:AAO6546 which contains N.distinguenda sequences from Bulgaria, France, Germany and Hungary or BOLD:AEA0257 which contains N.distinguenda sequences from Austria, Israel and Italy. Detailed taxonomic revision is clearly required to resolve species concepts within N.distinguenda given the genetic variation visible here.
Nomadafemoralis Morawitz, 1869
A sequence from a female specimen from southern Spain (Granada, BOLD:AAI2830) clustered with N.femoralis sequences from Austria, France, Germany, Italy and Morocco. However, specimens from northern and southern Portugal (Aveiro, Faro) and central Spain (Ávila, BOLD:AEO6156) formed a distinct BIN, with an additional specimen from Morocco (Wood, unpublished data). The maximum genetic distance between the two BINs was 7.05%. This result is surprising, as N.femoralis is nominally one of the easiest European Nomada species to recognise in the male sex due to the form of shape of the anterior femorae which are produced ventrally into long triangular shapes (Smit 2018). The male specimen IBIHM124-21 from Ávila morphologically appears inseparable from typical N.femoralis from Central Europe, presenting these modified anterior femorae. Adding complexity, the two female specimens that fell into this BIN were originally identified as N.femoralis (IBIHM599-21, northern Portugal, Aveiro) and N.corcyraea Schmiedeknecht, 1882 (IBIHM1246-22, southern Portugal, Faro). The morphological characters allowing recognition of the females are therefore unclear and a revision of this group of species is required. The aberrant "femoralis" BIN (BOLD:AEO6156) is genetically closest to N.armata Herrich-Schäffer, 1839 and is strongly differentiated from typical N.femoralis, at least based on these barcoding results.
Nomadaglaucopis Pérez, 1890
Most of the sequences we generated from across Spain (Granada, Guadalajara, Madrid, Málaga, BOLD:AEO3423) formed a BIN with additional sequences from France. However, a single sequence from central Portugal (Castelo Branco, BOLD:AEJ1237) was separated by a maximum genetic distance of 3.11%. Further study is required.
Nomadaintegra Brullé, 1832
Nomadaintegra sequences were placed into three BINs, specifically with sequences from central Spain (Ávila, BOLD:ABZ1320), central Portugal (Castelo Branco) and southern Spain (Málaga, BOLD:AEN8926) and central Spain (Segovia, BOLD:AEO3904). The maximum genetic distance between these BINs was 3.43%. The sequence from Ávila (BOLD:ABZ1320) probably represents the true N.integra, with additional sequences from Austria, Belgium, Germany and Greece. The sequences from Portugal and southern Spain form a BIN (BOLD:AEN8926) with additional sequences from France and the sequence from Segovia (BOLD:AEO3904) forms a unique BIN. Nomadaintegra is a brood-parasite of members of the AndrenasubgenusChlorandrena Pérez, 1890 (Smit 2018), a subgenus that is highly diversified in Iberia (Wood 2023). Several lineages of N.integra may exist, possibly representing distinct species, all of which attack different Chlorandrena species. Detailed study is required to demonstrate this; for now, our data are presented simply as N.integra.
Sphecodesalternatus Smith, 1853 and S.crassanus Warncke, 1992
Warncke (1992) described S.crassanus as distinct from S.alternatus, a position that has been largely followed by subsequent authors (Amiet et al. 2007, Bogusch and Straka 2012, Ghisbain et al. 2023b). In the female sex, S.crassanus can be separated from S.alternatus due to the denser punctation anterior to the ocellar triangle, which is slightly convex and more sparsely punctate in S.alternatus (Bogusch and Straka 2012). However, two specimens of S.crassanus showed minimal genetic differentiation from a specimen of S.alternatus despite this clear morphological difference and were placed in the same BIN (BOLD:ACD7802). Furthermore, an additional specimen of "S.alternatus" from central Portugal was strongly separated genetically from both S.crassanus + S.alternatus. This latter Portuguese specimen represents S.algeriensis Alfken, 1914 (considered as a subspecies of S.alternatus by Warncke (1992)), based on its morphology with a more densely punctate frons than typical S.alternatus and also because the BIN (BOLD:AEO6580) includes an unpublished sequence from Egypt; S.algeriensis is not currently recognised as a good species and focused taxonomic work is required to formally establish its status. The maximum genetic distance between the two BINs was 7.97%.
Species that cannot currently be identified
A single Melecta specimen from the Sierra Nevada (Granada, IBIHM072-21) fell into a unique BIN (BOLD:AEO2855) containing another unpublished sequence from Spain. The taxonomy of melectine bees is complicated and a full molecular revision is required to ensure that morphological concepts (Lieftinck 1980) actually work consistently given the extreme difficulty in species identification in this group.
Confirmed or suspected synonymies
Euceralongicornis (Linnaeus, 1758) and Eucerahispaliensis Pérez, 1902
Dorchin (2023) concluded that E.hispaliensis was a junior synonym of the widespread E.longicornis. In line with this, sequences of "E.hispaliensis" generated from Portugal (Castelo Branco, Vila Real) and Spain (Granada, Málaga) fell into BOLD:ABZ4790, which contains E.longicornis sequences from across Europe. The synonymy of Dorchin (2023) is, therefore, further supported by this genetic evidence.
Euceranigrescens Pérez, 1879 and Euceracodinai Dusmet y Alonso, 1926
It is suspected that E.codinai is a junior synonym of the widespread E.nigrescens (E. Dorchin, pers. comm.). The Iberian distribution appears to be that E.nigrescens is present in the north, being replaced in central and southern Iberia by E.codinai (Baldock et al. 2018). Morphological differences are minor and are predominantly based on changes in hair colour. Analysis of "E.codinai" sequences from southern Spain (Cádiz) and central Portugal (Castelo Branco) showed that they fell into BOLD:ABZ2397 which contains many sequences of E.nigrescens from across Europe eastwards to Japan. All our data are, therefore, presented as E.nigrescens and the formal synonymy of E.codinai with E.nigrescens is likely to be made in the future following type revision.
Different species assigned to the same BIN
Finally, in addition to the nominal species which were assigned to multiple BINs, there are a few species that unexpectedly fell into the same BIN despite some morphological differences. These are highlighted here.
ColletesmarginatusSmith, 1846 and Colletespulchellus Pérez, 1903
These two species are challenging to separate morphologically and old records of C.marginatus from Iberia can be impossible to assign to either C.marginatus or C.pulchellus without a morphological re-examination of the specimens in question (Baldock et al. 2018, M. Kuhlmann, pers. comm.). Three specimens nominally belonging to C.marginatus and C.pulchellus produced sequences that fell into the same BIN (BOLD:AAN3911). The specimens comprised two specimens identified as C.pulchellus (IBIHM1342-22; one male from Granada, IBIHM1341-22; one female from Girona; both det. M. Kuhlmann) and one specimen identified as C.marginatus (IBIHM429-21; one female from Segovia, det. M. Kuhlmann). This BIN contains specimens from Germany, the Netherlands, Finland, Norway, Spain and France and, thus, would certainly include sequences of the true C.marginatus which was described from Britain. Further study is required, as several Colletes species are very difficult to recognise through DNA barcoding alone, such as the succinctus-group (Kuhlmann et al. 2007, Zenz et al. 2021).
Nomadasheppardana (Kirby, 1802) and Nomadaminuscula Noskiewicz, 1930
The species status of N.minuscula has proven controversial, more and more authors have recognised N.minuscula as distinct (e.g. Scheuchl 2000, Amiet et al. 2007, Schmidt et al. 2015, Scheuchl and Willner 2016, Smit 2018, Ghisbain et al. 2023b) . Schmidt et al. (2015) found that specimens belonging to these two species were assigned to two BINs - BOLD:AAP1578 for N.minuscula and BOLD:ABA2390 for N.sheppardana - and, hence, the authors supported a position of two distinct species.
Analysis of one female of "N.sheppardana" from central Spain (IBIMH160-21; Ávila) and one female of "N.minuscula" from southern Spain (IBIHM146-21; Málaga) produced sequences that fell into the same BIN (BOLD:AAP1578), i.e. the BIN of N.minuscula only. The two specimens clearly differ morphologically and conform to the morphological concepts of N.sheppardana and N.minuscula. The same problem occurs in other parts of Europe, with all Swiss members of this species pair producing the same barcode and falling into the N.minuscula BIN (Praz et al. 2023: Figure 7). It is not clear why this is occurring or why specimens of "N.sheppardana" from Germany represent a distinct BIN. Dedicated taxonomic work is required, including generating sequences from the United Kingdom, from which N.sheppardana was originally described.
Hylaeusincongruus Förster, 1871
The taxonomy of the Hylaeusgibbus-group has a long and confused history (Dathe 1980, Straka and Bogusch 2011, Le Divelec 2022). Barcoding specimens of this group from Iberia produced sequences that fell into two BINs corresponding to Hylaeusconfusus Nylander, 1852 (BOLD:AAD9315) and H.incongruus (BOLD:ABU9205) in Central Europe. This caveat is important, as the scale of the analysis can impact interpretation, for example, when including data from the east Mediterranean (Le Divelec, unpublished data).
We sequenced one specimen morphologically identified as H.confusus from northern Spain (León) and this sequence clearly clusters with H.confusus sequences from across Europe (France, Switzerland, Belgium, the Netherlands, Ireland, United Kingdom, Germany, Austria, Denmark, Norway and Finland). In this context, the identification and genetic identity of H.confusus in Iberia does not appear to be problematic.
However, the situation with the remaining sequences generated from members of the gibbus-group is more challenging. A total of eight sequences were generated from across central and northern Iberia. Two sequences from north-western Iberia (INV12201; Bragança and INV12200; Ourense) were generated from specimens displaying red-markings on tergum 1 and were originally identified as H.praenotatus Förster, 1871. However, H.praenotatus as reported from Iberia by Ortiz-Sánchez et al. (2002) and Baldock et al. (2018) are H.praenotatus auctorum. True H.praenotatus is a synonym of H.gibbus Saunders, 1850 (Le Divelec 2022, see also Ghisbain et al. 2023b) which does not appear to occur in Iberia. The two sequences fell into the H.incongruus BIN BOLD:ABU9205 (additional sequences from Morocco, France, Switzerland, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany, Austria, Czechia, Norway, Finland, Greece, Cyprus, Lebanon and Egypt). Morphologically, these H.praenotatus auctorum specimens do not meaningfully differ from H.incongruus morphologically, except in the colour of tergum 1.
Sequencing of six additional specimens with entirely dark terga from Portugal (Aveiro, Bragança, Viana do Castelo and Viseu) and Spain (Lleida) that were originally identified as H.gibbus produced sequences that also fell into the same H.incongruus BIN BOLD:ABU9205. Therefore, none of the eight specimens originally identified as either H.praenotatus or H.gibbus genetically matched with H.gibbus as currently delineated genetically (BIN BOLD:AAE1200, sequences from France, Switerland, Belgium, Italy, Germany, Austria and Hungary). There was a slight, but consistent genetic difference between the red-marked and dark specimens. This dark clade represents H.purpurissatus (Vachal, 1895), a taxon which was recently recognised at a specific level (Straka and Bogusch 2011, Le Divelec 2022). However, the morphological differences are small and inconsistent and may not represent good species (Le Divelec, unpublished data). Given these challenges associated with morphological delineation with species within the gibbus-group and these molecular results, we present all eight sequences from Iberia as H.incongruus; dedicated study of the gibbus-group across the Mediterranean Basin is required.
Project description
Title
The InBIO Barcoding Initiative Database: DNA Barcodes of Iberian bees
Personnel
Thomas Wood , Romain Le Divelec and Denis Michez (taxonomists) are affiliated with the University of Mons; Hugo Gaspar (taxonomist), Sílvia Castro (ecologist) and João Loureiro (ecologist) are affiliated with the University of Coimbra; Pedro Beja (project coordinator), Sónia Ferreira (molecular biologist and IBI manager), Vanessa Mata (molecular biologist), Joana Veríssimo (molecular biologist), Teresa Luísa Silva (molecular biologist) are affiliated with the Associação BIOPOLIS / CIBIO-InBIO, University of Porto.
Study area description
The Iberian Peninsula (Fig. 1)
Figure 1.
Sampling localities of the bees specimens analysed in this study.
Design description
Specimens were collected during field expeditions in the Iberian Peninsula, from 2014 to 2022 (n = 1,059 Fig. 1, Suppl. material 1), with nearly 90% of specimens collected in the period between 2019 and 2022. The majority of the specimens are deposited in the research collection of Thomas Wood (soon to be moved to the Naturalis Biodiversity Center, the Netherlands) (60%) and in the FLOWer Lab collection at the University of Coimbra (Portugal) (34%). Additional specimens are deposited in the Andreia Penado collection at the Natural History and Science Museum of the University of Porto (MHNC-UP) (Portugal) and in the InBIO Barcoding Initiative (IBI) reference collection (Vairão, Portugal).
DNA was extracted using two different kits: 96-Well Plate Animal Genomic DNA Mini-Preps Kit (Bio Basic, Ontario, Canada) or QIAmp DNA Micro Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). QIAmpDNA Micro Kit is designed to extract higher concentrations of genetic material from samples with small amounts of DNA. DNA amplification was performed using two different primer pairs, that amplify two overlapping fragments of the same 658 bp region of the COI mitochondrial gene. We used two primer pairs, LCO1490) Folmer et al. 1994) +Ill_C_R (Shokralla et al. 2015) and BF3 (Elbrecht et al. 2019) + BR2 (Elbrecht and Leese 2017) (henceforth referred to as LC and B3, respectively) to amplify two overlapping fragments of 325 bp and 418 bp, respectively. PCRs were performed in 10 μl reactions, containing 5 μl of Multiplex PCRMaster Mix (Qiagen, Germany), 0.3 – 0.4 mM of each primer and 1-2 μl ofDNA, with the remaining volume in water. PCR reactions were performed in T100 Thermal Cycler (Bio-Rad, California, USA) and carried out with an initial denaturation at 95ºC for 15 min, followed by 45 cycles at 95ºC for 30 sec, 45ºC for 45 sec, 72ºC for 45 sec; and a final elongation step at 60ºC for 10 min. All PCR products were analysed by agarose gel electrophoresis and samples selected for sequencing proceeded for a indexing PCR. One of two types of index was used for each sequencing run. For Nextera indexes (Illumina, USA), PCR products were previously pooled into one plate as described in Shokralla et al. (2015) and then the indexing PCR was performed according to the manufacturer's instructions. When using custom indexes, based on Meyer and Kircher (2010), no pooling was required. A second PCR was then performed where the indexes and Illumina sequencing adapters were attached to the PCR product. The index PCR was performed in a volume of 10 μl, including 5 μl of Phusion® High-Fidelity PCR Kit (NewEngland Biolabs, U.S.A.) or KAPA HiFi PCR Kit (KAPA Biosystems, U.S.A.), 0.5 μl of each index and 2 μl of diluted PCR product (usually 1:4). This PCR reaction runs for 10 cycle at an annealing temperature of 55ºC. The amplicons were purified using AMPure XP beads (Beckman Coulter Genomics, Massachusetts, United States) before quantification using NanoDrop 1000 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Massachusetts, USA). Concentrations between samples were then normalised and samples were pooled, based on used primer sets. Quantification of final pools was assessed through qPCR using the KAPA Library Quantification Kit Illumina® Platforms (Kapa Biosystems) and the 2200 Tapestation System (Agilent Technologies, California, USA) was used for fragment length analysis as described by Paupério et al. (2018). Sequencing was conducted at CIBIO facilities in an Illumina MiSeq benchtop system, using V2 MiSeq sequencing kits (2x 250 bp). Illumina sequencing reads were processed using OBITools (Boyer et al. 2015) and VSEARCH (Rognes et al. 2016). Briefly, paired-end reads were aligned, collapsed into exact sequence variants, filtered by length, denoised and checked for chimeras. The resulting sequences from both LC and BH fragments of each sample were further assembled using CAP3 (Huang and Madan 1999) to produce a single 658 bp contig per sample. The obtained DNA sequences were then compared against the Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD) database (Ratnasingham and Hebert 2007) using the built-in identification engine, based on the BLAST algorithm. Sequences were submitted to the BOLD database and the Barcode Index Numbers (BIN) for every sequence were retrieved and analysed (Suppl. materials 2, 1Suppl. materials 1, 2, 3).
Funding
The present work was funded by National Funds through FCT-Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia in the scope of the project LA/P/0048/2020. InBIO Barcoding Initiative is co-funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement No 668981 and the project PORBIOTA—Portuguese E-Infrastructure for Information and Research on Biodiversity (POCI-01-0145- FEDER-022127), supported by Operational Thematic Program for Competitiveness and Internationalization (POCI), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) and by Horizon Europe under the Biodiversity, Circular Economy and Environment call (REA.B.3); co-funded by the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contract number 22.00173; and by the UK Research and Innovation under the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy’s Horizon Europe Guarantee Scheme. JL, HG and SC were funded by the Integrated Program of Scientific Research and Technological Development CULTIVAR (CENTRO- 01- 0145-FEDER-000020), co-financed by the Regional Operational Programme Centro 2020, Portugal 2020 and European Union, through the European Fund for Regional Development (ERDF) and by The Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P.) within the project UID/BIA/04004/2020. SF, VM and SC were funded by the FCT through the programme ‘Stimulus of Scientific Employment, Individual Support—3rd Edition (https://doi.org/10.54499/2020.03526.CEECIND/CP1601/CT0010; https://doi.org/10.54499/2020.02547.CEECIND/CP1601/CT0006; 2021.02697.CEECIND). JV and HG were funded by PhD grants (SFRH/BD/133159/2017; 2023.01736.BD) from FCT. PR is supported by the EU Project ORBIT (DG Env 09.029901/2021/848268/SER/ENV.D.2). TJW is supported by an F.R.S.-FNRS Fellowship “Chargé de recherches”. DM, RLD and TJM are supported by SPRING - Strengthening Pollinator Recovery through Indicators and Monitoring, EC DG ENV project Contract No: 09.02001/2021/847887/SER/ENV.D.2; ORBIT- Taxonomic resources for European bees, EC DG Env project Contract No 09.029901/2021/848268/SER/ENV.D.2; PULSE - Providing technical and scientific support in measuring the pulse of European biodiversity using the Red List Index, EC DG ENV project Contract No 07.027755/2020/840209/SER/ENV.D.2; SAFEGUARD - Safeguarding European wild pollinators, H2020 grant agreement No. 101003476.
Sampling methods
Sampling description
Specimens were captured during direct searches of the environment, using mainly aerial-nets and hand-held sweep-nets. Specimens were euthanised, often through exposure to ethyl acetate, either subsequently pinned and dried immediately (the same day) or kept at -4ºC for some days until pinning and drying. From each specimen, one tissue sample (a leg, sometimes two legs depending on specimen size) was removed and stored in 96% ethanol for DNA extraction at the IBI collection. Photos of vouchers of all new species /BINs to BOLD will be made publicly available later in the year.
Quality control
All DNA barcode sequences were compared against the BOLD database and the 99 top results were inspected in order to detect possible problems due to contaminations or misidentifications. Prior to GBIF submission, data were checked for errors and inconsistencies with OpenRefine 3.3 (http://openrefine.org).
Step description
Specimens were collected in 140 different localities in Portugal and 120 localities in Spain. Collections were carried out between 2014 and 2022. Specimens were collected during fieldwork by direct search of specimens, by sweeping the vegetation with a hand-net. Captured specimens were deposited in reference collections at the Naturalis Biodiversity Center (the Netherlands) (60%) and in the FLOWer Lab collection at the University of Coimbra (Portugal) (34%). Additional specimens are deposited in the Andreia Penado collection at the Natural History and Science Museum of the University of Porto (MHNC-UP) (Portugal) and in the InBIO Barcoding Initiative (IBI) reference collection (Vairão, Portugal). Specimens were morphologically identified using stereoscopic microscopes (Wild Heerbrugg M5). DNA barcodes were sequenced from all specimens. For this, one leg (sometimes two legs depending on specimen size) was removed from each individual, DNA was then extracted and two overlying DNA fragments were amplified and sequenced to 658 bp COI DNA barcode fragment. All obtained sequences were submitted to BOLD and GenBank databases and, to each sequenced specimen, the morphological identification, was contrasted with the results of the BLAST of the newly-generated DNA barcodes in the BOLD Identification Engine. Prior to submission to GBIF, data were checked for errors and inconsistencies with OpenRefine 3.3 (http://openrefine.org/).
Geographic coverage
Description
Specimens were collected in the Iberian Peninsula, 590 specimens from 140 localities in mainland Portugal and 469 specimens from 120 localities in mainland Spain (Fig. 1, Suppl. material 1).
Coordinates
0.691 and -9.484 Latitude; 42.983 and 36.268 Longitude.
Taxonomic coverage
Description
This dataset is composed of data relating to 1,059 bee specimens. All specimens were determined to species level. Overall, 514 described species are represented in the dataset. These species belong to six families: Andrenidae, Apidae, Colletidae, Halictidae, Megachilidae and Melittidae.
Collection data
Collection name
InBIO Barcoding Initiative
Collection identifier
4ec2b246-f5fa-4b90-9a8d-ddafc2a3f970
Specimen preservation method
Dry
Curatorial unit
DNA extractions - 1 to 1,059.
Usage licence
Usage licence
Creative Commons Public Domain Waiver (CC-Zero)
Data resources
Data package title
The InBIO Barcoding Initiative Database: DNA barcodes of Iberian bees
Resource link
Number of data sets
1
Data set 1.
Data set name
DS-IBIHY01 IBI Bees of Iberia
Data format
dwc, xml, tsv, fasta
Download URL
http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_SearchTerms?query=DS-IBIHY01
Description
The InBIO Barcoding Initiative Database: DNA Barcodes of Iberian bees dataset can be downloaded from the Public Data Portal of BOLD (http://www.boldsystems.org/index.php/Public_SearchTerms?query=DS-IBIHY01) in different formats (data as dwc, xml or tsv and sequences as fasta files). Alternatively, BOLD users can log-in and access the dataset via the Workbench platform of BOLD. All records are also searchable within BOLD, using the research function of the database.
Data set 1.
| Column label | Column description |
|---|---|
| processid | Unique identifier for the sample. |
| sampleid | Identifier for the sample being sequenced, i.e. IBI catalogue number at Cibio-InBIO, Porto University. Often identical to the "Field ID" or "Museum ID". |
| recordID | Identifier for specimen assigned in the field. |
| catalognum | Catalogue number. |
| fieldnum | Field number. |
| institution_storing | The full name of the institution that has physical possession of the voucher specimen. |
| bin_uri | Barcode Index Number system identifier. |
| phylum_taxID | Phylum taxonomic numeric code. |
| phylum_name | Phylum name. |
| class_taxID | Class taxonomic numeric code. |
| class_name | class_name. |
| order_taxID | Order taxonomic numeric code. |
| order_name | Order name. |
| family_taxID | Family taxonomic numeric code. |
| family_name | Family name. |
| subfamily_taxID | Subfamily taxonomic numeric code. |
| subfamily_name | Subfamily name. |
| genus_taxID | Genus taxonomic numeric code. |
| genus_name | Genus name. |
| species_taxID | Species taxonomic numeric code. |
| species_name | Species name. |
| identification_provided_by | Full name of primary individual who assigned the specimen to a taxonomic group. |
| identification_method | The method used to identify the specimen. |
| voucher_status | Status of the specimen in an accessioning process (BOLD controlled vocabulary). |
| tissue_type | A brief description of the type of tissue or material analysed. |
| collectors | The full or abbreviated names of the individuals or team responsible for collecting the sample in the field. |
| lifestage | The age class or life stage of the specimen at the time of sampling. |
| sex | The sex of the specimen. |
| lat | The geographical latitude (in decimal degrees) of the geographic centre of a location. |
| lon | The geographical longitude (in decimal degrees) of the geographic centre of a location. |
| elev | Elevation of sampling site (in metres above sea level). |
| country | The full, unabbreviated name of the country where the organism was collected. |
| province_state | The full, unabbreviated name of the province ("Distrito" in Portugal) where the organism was collected. |
| region | The full, unabbreviated name of the municipality ("Concelho" in Portugal) where the organism was collected. |
| exactsite | Additional name/text description regarding the exact location of the collection site relative to a geographic relevant landmark. |
| habitat | A category or description of the habitat in which the event occurred. |
| sampling_protocol | The name of, reference to, or description of the method or protocol used during an event. |
| subspecies_taxID | subspecies taxonomic numeric code. |
| subspecies_name | subspecies name. |
Supplementary Material
DS-IBIHY01 IBI Bees of Iberia library - Specimen details
Thomas Wood, Hugo Gaspar, Romain Le Divelec, Andreia Penado, Teresa Luisa Silva, Vanessa Mata, Joana Veríssimo, Deniz Michez, Silvia Castro, João Loureiro, Pedro Beja, Sónia Ferreira
Data type
Record information - specimen data
Brief description
The file includes information about all records in BOLD for the DS-IBIHY01 IBI Bees of Iberia library. It contains collection and identification data.
File: oo_949902.txt
DS-IBIHY01 IBI Bees of Iberia library - DNA sequences
Thomas Wood, Hugo Gaspar, Romain Le Divelec, Andreia Penado, Teresa Luisa Silva, Vanessa Mata, Joana Veríssimo, Deniz Michez, Silvia Castro, João Loureiro, Pedro Beja, Sónia Ferreira
Data type
Genomic data, DNA sequences
Brief description
COI sequences in fasta format. Each sequence is identified by the BOLD ProcessID, species name, marker and GenBank accession number, separated by pipe.
File: oo_949900.fas
DS-IBIHY01 IBI Bees of Iberia library - Darwin Core Standard
Thomas Wood, Hugo Gaspar, Romain Le Divelec, Andreia Penado, Teresa Luisa Silva, Vanessa Mata, Joana Veríssimo, Deniz Michez, Silvia Castro, João Loureiro, Pedro Beja, Sónia Ferreira
Data type
Record information - specimen data in Darwin Core Standard format
Brief description
The file includes information about all records in BOLD for the DS-IBIHY01 IBI Bees of Iberia library. It contains collection and identification data.
File: oo_950147.txt
NJ tree of bee DNA barcodes
Thomas Wood, Hugo Gaspar, Romain Le Divelec, Andreia Penado, Teresa Luisa Silva, Vanessa Mata, Joana Veríssimo, Deniz Michez, Silvia Castro, João Loureiro, Pedro Beja, Sónia Ferreira
Data type
Phylogenetic tree
Brief description
NJ tree of all Bee DNA barcodes generated in the InBIO Barcoding Initiative Database: DNA barcodes of Iberian Bees.
File: oo_980838.pdf
BOLD Systems Hitlist of Portuguese Bees
Thomas Wood, Sónia Ferreira
Data type
Species list
Brief description
List of bee species with occurrence known in Portugal, but lacking specimens and/or sequences and/or DNA barcodes in BOLD database on 8 February 2024.
File: oo_984354.xlsx
Acknowledgements
The present work was funded by National Funds through FCT-Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia in the scope of the project LA/P/0048/2020. InBIO Barcoding Initiative is co-funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under grant agreement No 668981 and the project PORBIOTA—Portuguese E-Infrastructure for Information and Research on Biodiversity (POCI-01-0145- FEDER-022127), supported by Operational Thematic Program for Competitiveness and Internationalization (POCI), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) and by Horizon Europe under the Biodiversity, Circular Economy and Environment call (REA.B.3); co-funded by the Swiss State Secretariat for Education, Research and Innovation (SERI) under contract number 22.00173; and by the UK Research and Innovation under the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy’s Horizon Europe Guarantee Scheme. JL, HG and SC were funded by the Integrated Program of Scientific Research and Technological Development CULTIVAR (CENTRO- 01- 0145-FEDER-000020), co-financed by the Regional Operational Programme Centro 2020, Portugal 2020 and European Union, through the European Fund for Regional Development (ERDF) and by The Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P.) within the project UID/BIA/04004/2020. SF, VM and SC were funded by the FCT through the programme ‘Stimulus of Scientific Employment, Individual Support—3rd Edition (https://doi.org/10.54499/2020.03526.CEECIND/CP1601/CT0010; https://doi.org/10.54499/2020.02547.CEECIND/CP1601/CT0006; 2021.02697.CEECIND). JV and HG were funded by PhD grants (SFRH/BD/133159/2017; 2023.01736.BD) from FCT. PR is supported by the EU Project ORBIT (DG Env 09.029901/2021/848268/SER/ENV.D.2). TJW is supported by an F.R.S.-FNRS fellowship “Chargé de recherches”. DM, RLD and TJM are supported by SPRING - Strengthening Pollinator Recovery through Indicators and monitoring, EC DG ENV project Contract No: 09.02001/2021/847887/SER/ENV.D.2; ORBIT- Taxonomic resources for European bees, EC DG Env project Contract No 09.029901/2021/848268/SER/ENV.D.2; PULSE - Providing technical and scientific support in measuring the pulse of European biodiversity using the Red List Index, EC DG ENV project Contract No 07.027755/2020/840209/SER/ENV.D.2; SAFEGUARD - Safeguarding European wild pollinators, H2020 grant agreement No. 101003476. We also thank Ian Cross (United Kingdom) for sharing rare specimens of Iberian bees with us and Alain Pauly (Belgium), Andreas Müller (Switzerland), Michael Kuhlmann (Germany), Jakub Straka (Czechia) and Jan Smit (Netherlands) for determining challenging bee specimens.
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Associated Data
This section collects any data citations, data availability statements, or supplementary materials included in this article.
Supplementary Materials
DS-IBIHY01 IBI Bees of Iberia library - Specimen details
Thomas Wood, Hugo Gaspar, Romain Le Divelec, Andreia Penado, Teresa Luisa Silva, Vanessa Mata, Joana Veríssimo, Deniz Michez, Silvia Castro, João Loureiro, Pedro Beja, Sónia Ferreira
Data type
Record information - specimen data
Brief description
The file includes information about all records in BOLD for the DS-IBIHY01 IBI Bees of Iberia library. It contains collection and identification data.
File: oo_949902.txt
DS-IBIHY01 IBI Bees of Iberia library - DNA sequences
Thomas Wood, Hugo Gaspar, Romain Le Divelec, Andreia Penado, Teresa Luisa Silva, Vanessa Mata, Joana Veríssimo, Deniz Michez, Silvia Castro, João Loureiro, Pedro Beja, Sónia Ferreira
Data type
Genomic data, DNA sequences
Brief description
COI sequences in fasta format. Each sequence is identified by the BOLD ProcessID, species name, marker and GenBank accession number, separated by pipe.
File: oo_949900.fas
DS-IBIHY01 IBI Bees of Iberia library - Darwin Core Standard
Thomas Wood, Hugo Gaspar, Romain Le Divelec, Andreia Penado, Teresa Luisa Silva, Vanessa Mata, Joana Veríssimo, Deniz Michez, Silvia Castro, João Loureiro, Pedro Beja, Sónia Ferreira
Data type
Record information - specimen data in Darwin Core Standard format
Brief description
The file includes information about all records in BOLD for the DS-IBIHY01 IBI Bees of Iberia library. It contains collection and identification data.
File: oo_950147.txt
NJ tree of bee DNA barcodes
Thomas Wood, Hugo Gaspar, Romain Le Divelec, Andreia Penado, Teresa Luisa Silva, Vanessa Mata, Joana Veríssimo, Deniz Michez, Silvia Castro, João Loureiro, Pedro Beja, Sónia Ferreira
Data type
Phylogenetic tree
Brief description
NJ tree of all Bee DNA barcodes generated in the InBIO Barcoding Initiative Database: DNA barcodes of Iberian Bees.
File: oo_980838.pdf
BOLD Systems Hitlist of Portuguese Bees
Thomas Wood, Sónia Ferreira
Data type
Species list
Brief description
List of bee species with occurrence known in Portugal, but lacking specimens and/or sequences and/or DNA barcodes in BOLD database on 8 February 2024.
File: oo_984354.xlsx