Table II. —Evidence map of interventions for dysphagia symptoms compared to control, sham intervention, no therapy.
| Treatment | Acute and subacute stroke | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aspiration | Case fatality | Chest infection or pneumonia | Disability | Dysphagia | Institutionalization | Length of stay | Nutritional (albumin) |
Pharyngeal transit | Swallowing ability | |
| Acupuncture | Na* | Na** | ||||||||
| Behavioral intervention | Na* | Na** | Na** | M** | Na* | Na** | Na** | Na** | Na* | |
| Neuromuscular electrical stimulation | Na** | Na** | Na** | Na* | Na** | |||||
| Pharyngeal electrical stimulation | Na** | Na** | Na** | Na** | Na** | Na** | Na** | Na** | Na** | |
| Physical stimulation (thermal, tactile) | Na** | Na** | Na* | Na** | ||||||
| Swallowing therapy | L* | M** | VL* | L* | Na** | M* | Na** | Na* | VL* | |
| Transcranial direct current stimulation | Na** | |||||||||
| Transcranial magnetic stimulation | Na** | Na** | Na** | Na* | ||||||
Lines represent the interventions. Columns represent the health conditions where the searched outcome has been considered. Quality of evidence was reported into each cell with the following acronyms: VL: very low-quality; L: low-quality; M: moderate-quality; H: high-quality; Na: not available. *Effect in favor of the intervention; **no definite results.
