Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2024 Mar 6;627(8004):572–578. doi: 10.1038/s41586-024-07126-4

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 2 — a, Demonstrator opening index. The demonstrator opening index was calculated for each dyad as the total incidence of box-opening by the demonstrator/number of joint foraging sessions. b, Observer following index. Following behaviour was defined as the observer being present on the surface of the box, within a bee’s length of the demonstrator, while the demonstrator performed box-opening. The observer following index was calculated as the total duration of following behaviour/number of joint foraging sessions. Data in a,b were analysed using one-way ANOVA and are presented as box plots. The bounds of the box are drawn from quartile 1 to quartile 3 (showing the interquartile range), the horizontal line within shows the median value and the whiskers extend to the most extreme data point that is no more than 1.5 × the interquartile range from the edge of the box. n = 15 independent experiments (squeezing-pass group, n = 5; squeezing-fail group, n = 5; and staggered-pushing-fail (stagger-fail) group, n = 5). c, Duration of following behaviour over the dyad joint foraging sessions. Following behaviour significantly increased with the number of joint foraging sessions, with the sharpest increase seen in dyads that included a squeezing demonstrator and an observer that successfully acquired two-step box-opening. Data were analysed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient tests (two-tailed), and the figures show measures taken from each observer in each group. Data for individual observers are presented in Supplementary Fig. 1.