Skip to main content
PMC home page
PLOS ONE logoLink to PLOS ONE
. 2024 Apr 2;19(4):e0301556. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301556

Retraction: The Significance of Notch1 Compared with Notch3 in High Metastasis and Poor Overall Survival in Hepatocellular Carcinoma

The PLOS ONE Editors
PMCID: PMC10986984  PMID: 38564505

This article [1] was identified as one of a group of articles connected by concerns about image reuse [2, 3, 7–16].

The concerns with this article [1] affect results presented in Figures 2 and 3, as well as cell lines used in this study. Specifically,

  • The Figure 2a MHCC97H NT, MHCC97H CS, and MHCC97H N3S panels appear to partially overlap, despite representing different experimental conditions.

  • The HepG2 panels in Figures 2a and 2d appear similar to panels published in later publications [2, 3] by different research groups and used to represent different experimental conditions, as follows:
    • Figure 2a HepG2 NT panel of [1], Fig 4 F5M2 panel of [2], and Fig 4C Eca-109/pCMV-SOX2 (migrated) panel of [3].
    • Figure 2a HepG2 CS panel of [1], Fig 4 F5M2,NC panel of [2], and Fig 4C Eca-109/pCMV-SOX2-Ctr siRNA (migrated) panel of [3].
    • Figure 2a HepG2 N1S panel of [1], Fig 4 F5M2,Low 144 panel of [2], and Fig 4C Eca-109/pCMV-SOX2-STAT3 siRNA (migrated) panel of [3].
    • Figure 2a HepG2 N3S panel of [1], Fig 4 F5M2,Inhibitor panel of [2], and Fig 4C Eca-109/pCMV-SOX2-Ctr siRNA (invasive) panel of [3].
    • Figure 2d HepG2 NT panel of [1] and Fig 4C Eca-109/pCMV-SOX2 (invasive) panel of [3].
    • Figure 2d HepG2 CS panel of [1] and Fig 4C Eca-109/pCMV-SOX2-HIF-1a siRNA (migrated) panel of [3].
    • Figure 2d HepG2 N1S panel of [1] and Fig 4C Eca-109/pCMV-SOX2-STAT3 siRNA (invasive) panel of [3].
    • Figure 2d HepG2 N3S panel of [1] and Fig 4C Eca-109/pCMV-SOX2-HIF-1a siRNA (invasive) panel of [3].

  • In Figure 3a, there appear to be irregular patterns in the background of the left MMP-9 panel and the right uPA panel.

  • Concerns have been raised about the identity of cell lines reported in the study that raise questions about the relevance of the obtained results for hepatocellular carcinoma.
    • HL-7702: This article [1] presents the HL-7702 cell line as a human non-tumor cell line. However, after the publication of this article [1], the parent cell line for this cell line (L-02) was shown to be a contaminated cell line and is a potential derivative of HeLa [4].
    • SMMC-7221: This article [1] presents the SMMC-7221 cell line as a hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. However, after the publication of this article [1], this cell line was shown to be a contaminated cell line and is a potential derivative of HeLa [4, 5].
    • Hep-G2: This article [1] presents the Hep-G2 cell line as a hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. However, prior to the publication of this article [1], this cell line had been shown to be derived from a hepatoblastoma [6].

First author LZ stated that errors were made during the preparation of the Figure 2A MHCC97H results and provided replacement data. However, upon editorial review of these data, additional partial panel overlap was observed.

In light of the unresolved concerns that question the validity and reliability of the reported data, the PLOS ONE Editors retract this article.

LZ and KD disagreed with the retraction. NZ, WSong, NY, QL, WSun, YZ, and DW either did not respond directly or could not be reached.

References

  • 1.Zhou L, Zhang N, Song W, You N, Li Q, Sun W, et al. (2013) The Significance of Notch1 Compared with Notch3 in High Metastasis and Poor Overall Survival in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. PLoS ONE 8(2): e57382. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057382 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] [Retracted]
  • 2.Cui SQ, Wang H (2015) MicroRNA-144 inhibits the proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and migration of osteosarcoma cell line F5M2. Tumor Biology 36(9): 6949–6958. doi: 10.1007/s13277-015-3396-0 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 3.Gao H, Teng C, Huang W, Peng J, Wang C (2015). SOX2 Promotes the Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition of Esophageal Squamous Cells by Modulating Slug Expression through the Activation of STAT3/HIF-α Signaling. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 16(9): 21643–21657. doi: 10.3390/ijms160921643 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 4.Ye F, Chen C, Qin J, Liu J, Zheng C (2015). Genetic profiling reveals an alarming rate of cross-contamination among human cell lines used in China. The FASEB Journal 29(10): 4268–4272. doi: 10.1096/fj.14-266718 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 5.Rebouissou S, Zucman-Rossi J, Moreau R, Qiu Z, Hui L (2017). Note of caution: Contaminations of hepatocellular cell lines. Journal of Hepatology 67(5): 896–897. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.08.002 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 6.López-Terrada D, Cheung SQ, Finegold MJ, Knowles BB (2009). Hep G2 is a hepatoblastoma-derived cell line. Human Pathology 40(10): 1512–1515. doi: 10.1016/j.humpath.2009.07.003 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 7.Jiang LT, Wan CH, Guo QH, Yang SJ, Wu JD, Cai J (2018) Long Noncoding RNA Metastasis-Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1 (MALAT1) Promotes Renal Cell Carcinoma Progression via Sponging miRNA-429. Medical Science Monitor 24: 1794–1801. doi: 10.12659/MSM.909450 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 8.Wan F, Cheng C, Wang Z, Xiao X, Zeng H, Xing S, et al. (2015) SATB1 Overexpression Regulates the Development and Progression in Bladder Cancer through EMT. PLoS ONE 10(2): e0117518. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117518 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] [Retracted]
  • 9.The PLOS ONE Editors (2024) Retraction: SATB1 Overexpression Regulates the Development and Progression in Bladder Cancer through EMT. PLoS ONE 19(4): e0301572. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301572 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 10.Wang L, Wang YX, Chen LP, Ji ML (2016) Upregulation of microRNA-181b inhibits CCL18-induced breast cancer cell metastasis and invasion via the NF-κB signaling pathway. Oncology Letters 12(6): 4411–4418. doi: 10.3892/ol.2016.5230 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] [Retracted]
  • 11.Shi J, Zhang D, Zhong Z, Zhang W (2019) lncRNA ROR promotes the progression of renal cell carcinoma through the miR-206/VEGF axis. Molecular Medicine Reports 20(4): 3782–3792. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10636 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] [Retracted]
  • 12.Yue D, Qin X (2018) miR-182 regulates trastuzumab resistance by targeting MET in breast cancer cells. Cancer Gene Therapy 26: 1–10. doi: 10.1038/s41417-018-0031-4 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 13.Pei X, Li M, Zhan J, Yu Y, Wei X, Guan L, et al. (2015) Enhanced IMP3 Expression Activates NF-кB Pathway and Promotes Renal Cell Carcinoma Progression. PLoS ONE 10(4): e0124338. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124338 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] [Retracted]
  • 14.The PLOS ONE Editors (2024) Retraction: Enhanced IMP3 Expression Activates NF-кB Pathway and Promotes Renal Cell Carcinoma Progression. PLoS ONE 19(4): e0301575. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301575 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 15.Cheng C, Wan F, Liu L, Zeng F, Xing S, Wu X, et al. (2014) Overexpression of SATB1 Is Associated with Biologic Behavior in Human Renal Cell Carcinoma. PLoS ONE 9(5): e97406. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097406 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] [Retracted]
  • 16.The PLOS ONE Editors (2024) Retraction: Overexpression of SATB1 Is Associated with Biologic Behavior in Human Renal Cell Carcinoma. PLoS ONE 19(4): e0301571. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301571 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from PLOS ONE are provided here courtesy of PLOS

RESOURCES