Figure 4.

Pathological hypoxia/hypoperfusion induces microbiome dysbiosis and gut barrier dysfunction. Pathological hypoxia/hypoperfusion can result in an alteration of gut barrier integrity. The protective peptide in the mucus barrier and the tight junction between epithelial cells are important components for maintaining gut homeostasis. A weakened gut barrier may facilitate the translocation of bacteria and/or their byproducts from the gut lumen into the surrounding tissues, triggering an amplified inflammatory response. CLDN, claudin; HIF, hypoxia‐inducible factor; TJ, tight junction.