. 2024 Mar 26;9(4):e00294-24. doi: 10.1128/msystems.00294-24

TABLE 1.

Ileum villi height (µm) and cecum gland length (µm) of Germ-Free mice at day 35 of age colonized with microbiota from infants consuming milk from secretor or non-secretor mothers or those consuming dairy-based formula^a

Location	SMM	SMM + HMOs	NSM	NSM + HMOs	MFM	MFM + HMOs
Ileum
Mean	147.95^abc	165.55^bd	142.96^cd	190.53^b	120.89^ac	145.8^abc
SEM	8.66	9.27	7.71	10.67	7.07	8.53
Cecum
Mean	145.6^ab	137.4^ab	118.94^a	132.7^ab	163.96^b	168.07^b
SEM	8.52	7.94	6.08	6.9	9.6	9.84

^{^a}

Multiple comparison-adjusted pairwise contrasts were performed. P-value < 0.05 was considered a significant difference among the groups. Means in the same row without a common letter differ significantly.