Table 2.

OTA occurrence in food products.

Matrix	Country	Number of Sample	Occurrence (%)	Maximum µg/kg	Mean µg/kg	Ref.
Corn, wheat	Pakistan	40	27.5	360	/	[77]
Rice	Iran	65	4.6	11.5	5.02	[78]
Barley and wheat	USA	262	12.2	185.2	/	[79]
Corn, rice, wheat, and oat-based foods	USA	489	41	9.3	/	[80]
Wheat	Canada	232	2.2	/	14.7	[81]
Wheat grain clumps around or under manhole openings of storage bins	Canada	5	100	370		[81]
Wheat and derived samples	Algeria	81	76.54	34.75	/	[82]
Cereal-based foods	Algeria	16.9	50	/	0.15	[83]
Rye	Poland	60	3	2.75	/	[84]
Fermented coffees	Brazil	14	21.4	0.87	0.18	[85]
Roasted and instant coffee	Czech	103	80.6	12.8	/	[86]
Coffee bean roasted coffee and soluble coffee	Argentina	51	69	20.3	/	[87]
Roasted and instant coffee	Chile	63	33	7.25	1.3	[88]
Roasted coffee	Spain	72	48.6	4.21	2.17	[89]
Cocoa bean	Brazil	123	22.8	7.2	1.2	[90]
Cocoa and chocolate	Canada	60	100	7.8	0.95	[91]
Dried figs	Turkey	100	8	1.72	0.64	[92]
Dried grape	Iran	66	40.9	8.4	2.98	[93]
Palm dates	Tunisia and Algeria	27	11	6.07	58.7	[94]
Raisin	USA	40	93	11.4	0.7	[95]
Dried fruit and nuts	China	253	1.6	9.39	6.23	[96]
Chili sauce	Pakistan	252	71	114	/	[97]
Allspice, pepper, chili, cinnamon, ginger, and mixture	Italy	94	30	34	7.1	[98]
Grounded sweet pepper	Italy	8	100	/	23.6	[99]
Dried sweet pepper	Italy	23	39	/	53.9	[99]
Salami	Italy	50	10	103.69	/	[100]
Dry-cured ham	Italy	110	76.4	5.64	/	[101]
Dry-cured ham	Italy	18	22.2	69.3	/	[102]
Cheese	Italy	30	13.3	4.7	/	[102]
Cheese	Italy	84	8.3	22.4	/	[20]
Beef burger	Egypt	25	100	/	4.55	[103]
Chicken meat	India	115	41	/	1.41	[104]
Eggs	India	80	35	/	1.17	[104]
Milk	China	120	25.8	18.8	/	[105]
Red wine	Croatia	110	98.2	0.163	0.040	[106]
Red, rose, and white wine	Serbia	113	52.2	0.134	0.026	[107]
Wine	Spain	40	47	2.28	1.13	[108]
Beer	Mainly Portugal	85	10.6	11.25	/	[85]