Figure 2.

Exosomes serve as a cell-to-cell transit system within the human body, exhibiting diverse and multifunctional roles. These extracellular vesicles, produced by all cells, encapsulate nucleic acids [12,13], proteins [11,14], lipids [15,16], and metabolites [17,18]. Functioning as crucial mediators of intercellular communication, both in close proximity and over long distances, exosomes play pivotal roles in influencing various facets of cell biology. Their impact extends across health and disease, highlighting their significance in orchestrating cellular interactions and contributing to the regulation of cellular processes. Figure is used with permission from the Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA.