Silymarin and polyherbal extract modulated microbiota are related to NAFLD improvement and secondary bile acid biosynthesis. (a) Histogram of LDA score generated by LEfSe depicting the taxonomic contribution between microbiome communities from HF, HSL and PD mice (LDA > 3.0); n = 7. (b) Heatmap shows the correlations between the selected differentially abundant genus and various indicators related to NAFLD in HF and HSL groups; n = 6 and the correlations were analyzed using two-sided Spearman’s correlation, FDR-adjusted p < 0.05 (*, **, and *** indicate adjusted p < 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001, respectively) was shown. (c) Heatmap of KEGG functional pathway clustering (average) analysis reflects the functional composition between five groups based on OTU abundance. (d) The KEGG pathway with significant differences (adjusted p < 0.05) analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis H test among NC, HF, HSL and PD mice was shown; n = 7. LDA linear discriminant analysis, FDR false discovery rate, KEGG Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes.