Gomes, D. E., & Witwer, K. W. (2022). L1CAM‐associated extracellular vesicles: A systematic review of nomenclature, sources, separation, and characterization. Journal of Extracellular Biology, 1, e35. https://doi.org/10.1002/jex2.35
Tables 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 in the article were formatted incorrectly so that the references cited in each table could not be identified in conjunction with the article's reference list. The correct tables are included below.
TABLE 1.
Nomenclature in EV L1CAM studies
| Term | Number | References |
| EV | 20 | Athauda et al.; 2019; Bhargava et al., 2021; Cha et al., 2019; Chawla et al.; 2019; Cressati et al., 2021; Dagur et al., 2020; Eitan et al., 2017; Fu et al., 2020; Gomes et al., 2015; Kodidela et al., 2020; Kumar et al., 2021; Mansur et al., 2021; Nasca et al., 2021; Norman et al., 2021; Pulliam et al., 2020; Suire et al., 2017; Winston et al.,2016; Zhao et al., 2020; Zou et al., 2020 |
| Exosome | 32 | Anastasi et al., 2021; Athauda et al., 2019; Dagur et al., 2020; Fauré et al., 2006; Goetzl et al., 2020; Gu et al., 2020; Gutwein et al., 2005; Herrero et al., 2019; Jiang et al., 2020; Jiang et al., 2021; Keller et al., 2009; Kodidela et al., 2020; Mullins et al., 2017; Nogueras‐Ortiz et al., 2020; Pace et al., 2019; Patterson et al., 2018; Peltz et al., 2020; Rani et al., 2019; Shi et al., 2014; Shi et al., 2016; Si et al., 2019; Stoeck et al., 2006; Sun et al., 2017; Sun et al., 2019; Trnka et al., 2012; Walker et al., 2021; Webber et al., 2014; Winston et al., 2019; Yang et al., 2009; Yang et al., 2011; Yuyama et al., 2019 |
| Other | 4 | Gutwein et al., 2003; Keller et al., 2009; Shi et al., 2016; Stoeck et al., 2006 |
TABLE 2.
Sources of EVs in L1CAM EV studies
| Source | n (of 51) | References |
| Blood products (plasma, serum) | 40 | |
| Serum | 10 | Athauda et al., 2019; Chawla et al., 2019; Cressatti et al., 2021; Dagur et al., 2020; Jiang et al., 2020; Jiang et al., 2021; Keller et al., 2009; Si et al., 2019; Walker et al., 2021; Yuyama et al., 2019 |
| Plasma | 31 | Anastasi et al., 2021; Bhargava et al/, 2021; Cha et al., 2019; Cressatti et al., 2021; Eitan et al., 2017; Goetzl et al., 2015; Goetzl et al., 2019; Goetzl et al., 2020; Gu et al., 2020; Herrero et al., 2019; Jiang et al., 2020; Kodidela et al., 2020; Kumar et al. 2021; Mansur et al., 2021; Mullins et al., 2017; Nasca et al., 2021; Nogueras‐Ortiz et al., 2020; Norman et al., 2021; Patterson et al., 2018; Peltz et al., 2020; Pulliam et al., 2020; Shi et al., 2014; Shi et al., 2016; Suire et al., 2017; Sun et al., 2018; Sun et al., 2019; Walker et al., 2021; Winston et al., 2016; Winston et al., 2018; Winston et al., 2019; Zhao et al., 2020 |
| Blood + Other | 10 | |
| Cell culture‐conditioned medium | 14 | Anastasi et al., 2021; Dagur et al., 2020; Faure et al., 2006; Gomes et al., 2015; Gutwein et al., 2003; Herrero et al., 2021; Keller et al., 2009; Nogueras‐Ortiz et al., 2020; Pace et al., 2019; Stoeck et al., 2006; Webber et al., 2014; Winston et al., 2019; Yang et al., 2009; Yang et al., 2011 |
| Brain tissue | 2 | Dagur et al., 2020; Yuyama et al., 2019 |
| CSF | 2 | Cressatti et al., 2021; Norman et al., 2021 |
| Urine | 2 | Cressatti et al., 2021; Trnka et al., 2012 |
| Ascites | 2 | Gutwein et al., 2005; Kellar et al., 2009 |
| Saliva | 2 | Cressatti et al., 2021; Rani et al., 2019 |
TABLE 3.
Separation and concentration methods
| Separation/concentration method | n (of 51) | References |
| Affinity (immunoprecipitation/capture, FACS) | 35 | Anastasi et al., 2021; Athauda et al., 2019; Bhargava et al., 2021; Cha et al., 2019; Chawla et al., 2019; Cressatti et al., 2021; Dagur et al., 2020; Eitan et al., 2017; Fu et al., 2020; Goetzl et al., 2015; Goetzl et al., 2019; Goetzl et al., 2020; Gu et al., 2020; Jiang et al., 2020; Jiang et al., 2021; Kumar et al., 2021; Mansur et al., 2021; Mullins et al., 2017; Nasca et al., 2021; Nogueras‐Ortiz et al., 2020; Norman et a., 2021; Patterson et al., 2018; Peltz et al., 2020; Pulliam et al., 2020; Shi et al., 2014; Si et al., 2019; Suire et al., 2017; Sun et al., 2018; Sun et al., 2019; Winston et al., 2016; Winston et al., 2018; Winston et al., 2019; Zhao et al., 2020; Zou et al., 2020 |
| PEG or PEG‐based kit | 30 (26 combining PEG and IP) | Altevogt et al., 2020; Alvarez‐Erviti et al., 2011; Angiolini et al., 2019; Athauda et al., 2019; Bhargava et al., 2021; Campbell et al., 2021; Cha et al., 2019; Chawla et al., 2019; Cocucci et al., 2015; Coleman et al., 2015; Colombo et al., 2015; Cressatti et al., 2021; Dagur et al., 2020; Dickens et al., 2017; Eitan et al., 2017; Faissner et al.; 1984; Fogel et al., 2003; Gavert et al., 2008; Goetzl et al., 2015; Goetzl et al., 2019; Goetzl et al., 2020; Gu et al., 2020; Gutwein et al., 2000; Gutwein et al., 2003; Gutwein et al., 2005; Harding et al., 1983; Herrero et al., 2019; Hill, 2019; Jiang et al., 2020; Johnstone, 1991; Kodidela et al., 2020; Kumar et al., 2021; Li et al., 2010; Linneberg et al., 2019; Lötvall et al., 2014; Maness et al., 2007; Mansur et al., 2021; Manu et al., 2021; Mateescu et al., 2017; Meldolesi, 2021; Mullins et al., 2017; Nasca et al., 2021; Nogueras‐Ortiz et al., 2020; Norman et al., 2021; Patterson et al., 2018; Peltz et al., 2020; Pulliam et al., 2019; Pulliam et al., 2020; Rani et al., 2019; Russell et al., 2019; Samatov et al.; 2016; Shankar et al.; 2017; Si et al., 2019; Sugawa et al., 1997; Suire et al., 2017; Sun et al., 2017; Sun et al., 2019; Théry et al., 2018; Thompson et al., 2016; Upadhya et al., 2021; Vandendriessche et al., 2020; Vassileff et al., 2020; Verweij et al., 2021; Walker et al., 2021; Winston et al., 2016; Winston et al., 2018; Winston et al., 2019; Witwer et al., 2019; Witwer et al., 2021; Yang et al., 2009; Yuyama et al., 2019; Zhao et al., 2020; Zou et al., 2020 |
| Differential ultracentrifugation | 17 | Dagur et al., 2020; Faure et al., 2006; Gomes et al., 2015; Gutwein et al., 2003; Gutwein et al., 2005; Herrero et al., 2019; Keller et al., 2009; Norman et al., 2021; Pace et al., 2019; Patterson et al., 2018; Shi et al., 2016; Stoeck et al., 2006; Trnka et al., 2012; Webber et al., 2014; Yang et al., 2009; yang et al., 2011; Yuyama et al., 2019 |
| Density gradient or cushion ultracentrifugation | 9 | Dagur et al., 2020; Faure et al., 2006; Gutwein et al., 2003; Gutwein et al., 2005; Keller et al., 2009; Norman et al., 2021; Stoeck et al., 2006; Webber et al., 2014; Yuyama et al., 2019 |
| Size exclusion chromatography | 3 | Anastasi et al., 2021; Herrero et al., 2019; Norman et al., 2021 |
Distribution of concentration/separation methods in n=51 publications. Several studies used multiple workflows. Some combined more than one method in at least one workflow (n=39), and these were counted in all respective categories. FACS=fluorescence‐activated cell sorting; PEG=polyethylene glycol. Ultrafiltration of various types was also an occasional component of EV workflows (not shown).
TABLE 4.
Anti‐L1CAM antibodies used for reported capture of EVs
| L1CAM antibody clone | n (of 35) | Epitope | Example references |
| 5G3 | 19 | Ectodomain, immunoglobulin‐like domains 1 to 2; near N‐terminus | Anastasi et al., 2021; Chawla et al., 2019; Cressati et al., 2021; Eitan et al., 2017; Goetzl et al., 2015; Goetzl et al., 2019; Goetzl et al., 2020; Gu et al., 2020; Kumar et al., 2021; Mansur et al., 2021; Mullins et al., 2017; Nasca et al., 2021; Nogueras‐Ortiz et al., 2020; Patterson et al., 2018; Suire et al., 2017; Sun et al., 2017; Walker et al., 2021; Winston et al., 2018; Winston et al., 2019 |
| EPR23241‐224 | 1 | Similar epitope to 5G3 | Norman et al., 2021 |
| UJ127 (UJ127.11) | 7 | Ectodomain, fibronectin type III repeats | Anastasi et al., 2021; Fu et al., 2020; Jiang et al., 2020; Jiang et al., 2021; Shi et al., 2014; Shi et al., 2016; Si et al., 2019 |
| C2C (or 2C2) | 1 | Intracellular, C‐terminus; cross‐reactive with CHL1 | Zou et al., 2020 |
| LS‐C470565 | 1 | Intracellular, C‐terminus | Dagur et al., 2020 |
| Unspecified | 7 | N/A | Athauda et al., Bhargava et al., 2021; Cha et al., 2019; Peltz et al., 2020; Pulliam et al., 2020; Sun et al., 2019; Zhao et al., 2020 |
TABLE 5.
Use of physical characterization techniques
| Technique | n (of 51) | References |
| Optical/Electrical Methods (OEM): RPS, NTA, DLS | 22 | Anastasi et al., 2021; Bhargava et al., 2021; Chawla et al., 2019; Cressatti et al., 2021; Dagur et al., 2020; Eitan et al., 2017; Gomes et al., 2015; Gu et al., 2020; Herrero et al., 2019; Kodidela et al., 2020; Kumar et al., 2021; Mansur et al., 2021; Nogueras‐Ortiz et al., 2020; Pulliam et al., 2020; Rani et al., 2019; Shi et al., 2016; Sun et al., 2017; Sun et al., 2019; Webber et al., 2014; Winston et al., 2016; Zhao et al., 2020; Zou et al., 2020 |
| Non‐Optical Microscopy (NOM): TEM, SEM, AFM | 19 | Anastasi et al., 2021; Dagur et al., 2020; Faure et al., 2006; Fu et al., 2021; Gutwein et al., 2003; Herrero et al., 2019; Jiang et al., 2020; Kodidela et al., 2020; Nogueras‐Ortiz et al., 2020; Norman et al., 2021; Pace et al., 2019; Shi et al., 2014; Shi et al., 2016; Si et al., 2019; Winston et al., 2016; Yang et al., 2011; Yuyama et al., 2019; Zhao et al., 2020; Zou et al., 2020 |
| Multiple | 10 | Anastasi et al., 2021; Dagur et al., 2020; Fu et al., 2021; Gomes et al., 2015; Herrero et al., 2019; Kodidela et al., 2020; Nogueras‐Ortiz et al., 2020; Shi et al., 2016; Winston et al., 2016; Zhao et al., 2020; Zou et al., 2020 |
| None (in several cases, techniques were mentioned but results not reported) | 19 | Athauda et al., 2019; Cha et al., 2019; Goetzle et al., 2019; Goetzl et al., 2015; Goetzle et al., 2020; Gutwein et al., 2005; Jiang et al., 2021; keller et al., 2009; Mullins et al., 2017; Nasca et al., 2021; Patterson et al., 2018; Peltz et al., 2020; Stoeck et al., 2006; Suire et al., 2017; Trnka et al., 2012; Walker et al., 2021; Winston et al., 2018; Winston et al., 2019; Yang et al., 2009 |
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