Table 7.

Cardiovascular effects of Leonurus cardiaca L. (motherwort), Lamiaceae family—ex vivo studies.

Herbal Raw Material	Active Compounds	Functions	Mechanism of Action	Model	Dose	References
ND 1	Stachydrine	Cardioprotective Antioxidant Anti-inflammatory	↓ NF–κB and JAK/STAT	male Sprague–Dawley rats	10 and 40 mg/kg b.w. for 21 days p.o.	[76]
Herb	Leonurine	Antiapoptotic Cardioprotective	↑ PI3K/AKT/GSK3β	male Sprague–Dawley rats	15 mg/ kg b.w. for 28 days p.o.	[77]
	Labdane diterpenes: leosibirin, leosibiricin, 19–acetoxypregaleopsin Flavonoid glycosides based on querectin and apigenin, phenylpropanoids: eugenol, lavandulifolioside, alkaloids: stachydrine, betonicine, leonurine, iridoids: ajugol, ajugoside, harpagide	Antihypertensive Psycho-neurological	ND 1	male and female patients	1200 mg per day for 28 days	[71]

¹ND—not determined. ↑—increased, ↓—decreased.