Abstract
The monotypic genus Ogdenia Peckham, 1908, is redefined based on the redescription of the holotype of O.mutilla (Peckham & Peckham, 1907), along with the newly discovered male specimens and intraspecific variation from China, Malaysia, Singapore, and Vietnam. Description, illustrations, and photographs are provided.
Key words: Chrysillini, Ogdeniamutilla , redescription, Southeast Asia
Introduction
In 1907, G.W. Peckham and E.G. Peckham established the monotypic genus Rooseveltia with the type species Rooseveltiamutilla Peckham & Peckham, 1907, based on a single female holotype from Borneo, Kuching, Malaysia (Peckham and Peckham 1907). Rooseveltia was later renamed Ogdenia due to its homonymy with Rooseveltia Jordan & Evermann, 1906 in Pisces (Peckham 1908). With the absence of diagnostic illustration in the original description, this genus long remained enigmatic until Prószyński (1984) provided drawings for the epigyne and retromarginal tooth based on the holotype of the type species. In addition, photographs of living females of O.mutilla from Singapore and Malaysia (Johor and Sarawak) were recently provided in "A Photographic Guide to Singapore Spiders" (Joseph et al. 2022). Although the information about Ogdenia has been accumulated in past decades, the male of this genus remained unknown.
Herein, we redescribe O.mutilla and provide photographs of the habitus and epigyne of the holotype specimen. In addition, we document the male for the first time. Furthermore, intraspecific variation based on specimens from China, Malaysia, Singapore, and Vietnam is presented.
Materials and methods
Specimens preserved in 75% or 95% ethanol were examined and measured under a Leica M205A stereomicroscope. All measurements are in millimetres using the associated Leica LAS v. 4.3 software. Photographs of living specimens were captured using a Canon 80D camera equipped with a Laowa 100 mm f/2.8 macro 2× lens and a KR-888 flash, a Sony ILCE-7RM2 camera with a Laowa 90 mm f/2.8 macro 2× lens and a KR-808 flash, and a Nikon D7200 camera with an AF-S DX Macro Nikkor 40 mm f/2.8G lens and a KR-888 flash. Ethanol-immersed body and genitalia photos were taken by a Kuy Nice CCD camera mounted on an Olympus BX53 microscope and then stacked by the Helicon Focus v. 7 software. Final photographs were retouched in Adobe Photoshop CC 2021. The male palp was macerated in clove oil to observe the trajectory of the spermophor, while the female vulva was cleaned with pancreatin. The holotype specimen is preserved in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, USA (MCZ); the examined specimens from China are preserved in the Museum of Hebei University, Baoding, China (MHBU), those from Vietnam are preserved at the Tay Nguyen University, Buon Ma Thuot, Vietnam (TNU), and those from Singapore and Malaysia are preserved in the Beaty Biodiversity Museum, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (UBCZ).
Abbreviations used: AG, accessory gland; ALE, anterior lateral eye; AME, anterior median eye; BH, basal haematodocha; C, cymbium; CD, copulatory duct; CO, copulatory opening; E, embolus; FD, fertilization duct; IZ, Invertebrate Zoology; PL, posterior tegular lobe; PLE, posterior lateral eye; PME, posterior median eye; RTA, retrolateral tibial apophysis; S, spermatheca; SM, spermophor; TB, tegular bump; XTBG, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden.
Taxonomy
Genus. Ogdenia
Peckham, 1908
6B5105E7-5AD5-59C7-A880-C1486459CB67
Rooseveltia Peckham & Peckham, 1907: 614; type species: Rooseveltiamutilla Peckham & Peckham, 1907, by original designation and monotypy.
Ogdenia Peckham, 1908: 171 (generic replacement name).
Diagnosis.
The genus closely resembles Siler Simon, 1889, but can be distinguished by: (1) the larger body size (6–10 mm); (2) the male femur I with only sparse setae (Figs 4B, E, F, 5O; femur I and tibia I covered with dense setae in Siler); (3) the male palp with a blunt posterior tegular lobe (PL) (Figs 8B, C, 10A, 11E, 12D; PL longer and narrower in Siler); (4) the chelicerae with dense brown setae on the front surface (Figs 1B, D, 5M, N, P, Q, T, U, 6E, F, 7A, C, E; setae sparse in Siler); (5) the presence of accessory glands (AGs) (Figs 9B–F, 10D, 11B, D; AG not observed in Siler).
Figure 4.
Ogdeniamutilla (Peckham & Peckham, 1907) from China A–G, L living males H–K living females.
Figure 5.
Ogdeniamutilla (Peckham & Peckham, 1907), male (A, B, E–M, O–R) and female (C, D, N, S–U) from China A–D habitus, dorsal (A, C) and lateral (B, D) views E–L claws I (G, J), II (H, K), III (I, L), IV (E, F), prolateral (F–I) and retrolateral (E, J–L) views M, N prosomas O left leg I, front view P, Q, T, U chelicerae, front (P, T) and prolateral (Q, U) views R, S teeth of chelicerae, back views.
Figure 8.
Ogdeniamutilla (Peckham & Peckham, 1907) from China A–C, E, F male left palp, prolateral (A), ventral (B, C), pro-ventral (E) and retrolateral (F) views D spermophor, ventral view B, C showing the intraspecific variation of the male palp.
Figure 10.
Ogdeniamutilla (Peckham & Peckham, 1907) from Vietnam (©2023 Q.D. Hoang) A, B male left palp, ventral (A) and retrolateral (B) views C epigyne, ventral view D vulva, dorsal view.
Figure 11.
Ogdeniamutilla (Peckham & Peckham, 1907) from Singapore (A–D) and Malaysia (E) (©2024 W.P. Maddison) A, C epigynes, ventral views B, D vulvae, dorsal views E male left palp, ventral view.
Figure 12.
Ogdeniamutilla (Peckham & Peckham, 1907) from China A epigyne, ventral view B vulva, dorsal view C–E male left palp, prolateral (C), ventral (D) and retrolateral (E) views.
Figure 1.
Ogdeniamutilla (Peckham & Peckham, 1907), female holotype (©2024 W.P. Maddison) A habitus, dorsal view B prosoma C, D chelicerae, front (D) and back (C) views E, F epigyne, ventral views.
Figure 6.
Ogdeniamutilla (Peckham & Peckham, 1907), male (C, D, F) and female (A, B, E) from Vietnam (©2023 Q.D. Hoang) A–D habitus, dorsal (A, C) and lateral (B, D) views E, F prosomas.
Figure 7.
Ogdeniamutilla (Peckham & Peckham, 1907), male (E, F) and female (A–D) from Singapore (A–D) and Malaysia (E, F) (©2024 W.P. Maddison) A, C, E prosomas B, D, F habitus, dorsal views.
Figure 9.
Ogdeniamutilla (Peckham & Peckham, 1907) from China. A epigyne, ventral view B–G vulvae, dorsal (B–E), front (G) and back (F) views C–E showing the intraspecific variation of the detailed structures of the vulvae.
Description.
Medium-sized spiders (total length 6.51–8.00 in males, 7.98–10.00 in females). Body dark with pale yellow patches, covered with dense scales (Figs 3A, B, 4A–L, 5A–D, 6A–D, 7B, D, F). Chelicerae with brown setae on front surface (male also with sparse blue scales), with two promarginal teeth and one retromarginal tooth (Figs 1C, D, 3C, 4B, E, F, H, 5P–U). Femur I of male covered with short and sparse setae (Figs 4B, E, F, 5O). Male palp (Figs 8A–F, 10A, B, 11E, 12C–E) with short embolus, palpal bulb with tegular bump at lower right corner. Female epigyne large, copulatory ducts short (Figs 9A–G, 10C, D, 11A–D, 12A, B).
Figure 3.
Living males of Ogdeniamutilla (Peckham & Peckham, 1907) from China (©2023 Q. Lu).
Distribution.
China (Yunnan), Malaysia (Borneo, Johor, and Sarawak), Singapore (Bukit Timah Nature Reserve), Vietnam (Dak Lak).
. Ogdenia mutilla
(Peckham & Peckham, 1907)
F545DC8E-AB61-5C1B-B9A7-D3C2C8BEF137
Figs 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 缪恐翠蛛
Figure 2.
Habitats of Ogdeniamutilla (Peckham & Peckham, 1907) in XTBG, Yunnan, China.
Rooseveltia mutilla Peckham & Peckham, 1907: 614; Prószyński 1984: 125.
Ogdenia mutilla : Peckham, 1908: 171; Prószyński 2017: 129, fig. 56I.
Type material.
Holotype: Malaysia • ♀; Borneo, Kuching; 1 Jan. 1897; R. Shelford & Peckham leg.; MCZ: IZ: 22236, examined.
Other material examined.
China – Yunnan Province • 7♂♂ 2♀♀; Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Mengla County, Menglun Town, XTBG; 21.9080°N, 101.2845°E, 669 m a.s.l.; 21 Apr. 2023; W. Wang & Z. Yang leg.; MHBU-ARA-00025193, 00025196, 00026514–00026517 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 21.9077°N, 101.2824°E, 677 m a.s.l.; 17 Dec. 2022; W. Wang, B. Liu & Z. Yang leg.; MHBU-ARA-00025194 • 2♀♀; same collection data as for preceding; 21.9108°N, 101.2833°E, 669 m a.s.l.; 2 Aug. 2021; J. Zhang, Y. Mu, K. Yu, L. Zhang & W. Wang leg.; MHBU-ARA-00022704, 00022804 • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 21.9092°N, 101.2805°E, 605 m a.s.l.; 12 Jul. 2018; C. Jin & C. Zhang leg.; MHBU-ARA-00020807 • 1♂; Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Mengla County, Wangtianshu scenic area; 21.6223°N, 101.5892°E, 700 m a.s.l.; 23 Apr. 2023; L. Wang & Q. Lu leg.; MHBU-ARA-00025195.
Malaysia – 1♂; Johor, Gunung Belemut Forest, Lata Tengkorak; 2.0550°N, 103.5430°E, 250 m a.s.l.;16 Jun. 2019; W.P. Maddison, N.I. Morehouse et al. leg.; UBCZ.
Singapore – 1♀; Bukit Timah Nature Reserve, South Jungle Falls Path; 1.3551°N, 103.7739°E, 150 m a.s.l.; 5 Jun. 2019; W.P. Maddison leg.; UBCZ • 1♀; same collection data as for preceding; 1.3550°N, 103.7740°E–1.3570°N, 103.7750°E, 150–160 m a.s.l.; 12–14 Jun. 2019; W.P. Maddison, N.I. Morehouse et al. leg.; UBCZ.
Vietnam – Dak Lak Province • 1♂; Buon Don District, Yok Don National Park; 12.8641°N, 107.7961°E, 180 m a.s.l.; 24 Apr. 2022; Q.D. Hoang leg.; TNU • 1♀ Krong Bong District, Chu Yang Sin National Park; 12.4796°N, 108.3391°E, 430 m a.s.l.; 14 May 2022; Q.D. Hoang leg.; TNU.
Diagnosis.
See the diagnosis of the genus.
Description.
Male. Habitus as shown in Figs 3A–C, 4A–G, L, 5A, B, 6C, D, 7F). Measurements (MHBU-ARA-00025193): carapace 3.27 long, 2.65 wide, abdomen 4.19 long, 2.39 wide; measurements of eyes: AME 0.55, ALE 0.31, PME 0.09, PLE 0.34; measurements of legs: I 10.52 (3.42, 1.30, 2.91, 1.80, 1.09), II 6.92 (2.20, 0.97, 1.67, 1.19, 0.89), III 7.54 (2.18, 0.90, 1.60, 1.72, 1.14), IV 10.07 (3.07, 1.03, 2.36, 2.47, 1.14); leg formula 1432. Body black and pale yellow except for blue carapace edge, covered with dense scales (Figs 3A–C, 4A–G, L, 5A, B, 6C, D, 7F). Chelicerae claybank color, with sparse blue scales (alive) and relatively dense setae on front surface, with two promarginal and one retromarginal tooth (Figs 5M, P–R, 6F, 7E). Femur I covered with short setae (Figs 4B, E, F, 5O). Number of teeth in each tarsal claw varied (Fig. 5E–L).
Palp (Figs 8A–F, 10A, B, 11E, 12C–E): embolus short; cymbium yellow, longer than wide; retrolateral tibia apophysis around one-third of bulb length; palpal bulb like wax apple, with tegular bump at lower right corner.
Female. Habitus as shown in Figs 1A, 4H–K, 5C, D, 6A, B, 7B, D. Measurements (MHBU-ARA-00025194): carapace 3.45 long, 2.81 wide; abdomen 4.70 long, 3.04 wide; measurements of eyes: AME 0.58, ALE 0.35, PME 0.10, PLE 0.30; measurements of legs: I 8.11 (2.54, 0.96, 2.15, 1.47, 0.99), II 6.72 (2.18, 0.84, 1.62, 1.20, 0.88), III 7.71 (2.27, 0.94, 1.67, 1.87, 0.96), IV 10.5 (3.15, 0.91, 2.52, 2.87, 1.05); leg formula 4132. Body form and color pattern same as male, but without short setae on femur I. Chelicerae lacking blue scales, with slightly different shapes of teeth from males (Figs 1C, D, 4H, 5S–U, 6E, 7A, C).
Epigyne (Figs 1E, F, 9A–G, 10C, D, 11A–D, 12A, B): copulatory openings elongate like curved butterfly antennae; copulatory ducts short; fertilization ducts at anterior of spermathecae; accessory glands small, located close to the junction between spermathecae and copulatory ducts.
Variation.
The transition from the base of the embolus to the tegulum is smoother in some specimens (Figs 8B, 11E), but has an obvious junction in others (Figs 8C, 10A). For the females, differences in the size of accessory glands, the shape of spermathecae, copulatory openings and middle rim of epigyne are observed among different individuals (Figs 1E, F, 9A–E, 10C, D, 11A–D, 12A, B).
Natural history.
Specimens were discovered on the surface of leaf litter or in shrubs within tropical forests (Fig. 2A–D), moving actively and quickly. These specimens were collected during relatively dry seasons, and the subsequent lab observations showed that they may not prefer highly humid environments. While the original description of O.mutilla suggested that the species mimics Mutilla Linnaeus, 1758, a genus of parasitoid wasps (Peckham and Peckham 1907), our field observations indicated that O.mutilla possibly mimics large sympatric ants, similar to the imperfect ant-mimicry phenomenon reported in some species of Siler (Zeng et al. 2023).
Distribution.
China, Malaysia, Singapore, and Vietnam.
Supplementary Material
Acknowledgements
We thank Dr Gonazalo Giribet, Laura Leibensperger, Shahan Derkarabetian and Adam Baldinger for assistance with the loan of the type specimen of O.mutilla; Bo Liu, Kun Yu, Yannan Mu, Lu Zhang, Chi Jin, Nathan I. Morehouse, Chen Zhang, Luyu Wang, and Qianle Lu for collecting the specimens for this study. Also, we would like to extend our gratitude to Qianle Lu for providing some of the living spider photographs of the species, and to Kiran Marathe for assistance with photographs of specimens from Singapore and Malaysia. Thank the two reviewers, Dr John T.D. Caleb and Cheng Wang, the subject editor, Dr Shuqiang Li, and the copy editors, Dr Robert Forsyth and Polina Petrakieva for their valuable comments that helped to improve the manuscript.
Citation
Yang Z, Hoang QD, Wang W, Maddison WP, Zhang J (2024) On the enigmatic jumping spider genus Ogdenia Peckham, 1908 (Araneae, Salticidae, Chrysillini). ZooKeys 1202: 155–168. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1202.124199
Additional information
Conflict of interest
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
Ethical statement
No ethical statement was reported.
Funding
This work was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China to Junxia Zhang (no. 32070422), a grant (code B2024-TTN-05) from the Ministry of Education and Training, Vietnam to Quang Duy Hoang, and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council Canada to Wayne P. Maddison (Discovery Grant RGPIN 2018-05055).
Author contributions
All authors have contributed equally.
Author ORCIDs
Zhiyong Yang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7610-6843
Quang Duy Hoang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1672-7960
Weihang Wang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2460-4514
Wayne P. Maddison https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4953-4575
Junxia Zhang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2179-3954
Data availability
All of the data that support the findings of this study are available in the main text.
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Associated Data
This section collects any data citations, data availability statements, or supplementary materials included in this article.
Supplementary Materials
Data Availability Statement
All of the data that support the findings of this study are available in the main text.