Figure 7.

The ADRB2 inhibitor propranolol reverses the ameliorative cognitive dysfunction and pathological impairment in APP-PSEN1 mice after AE. (A and B) escape latency to the hidden platform between days 1 and 5 and the AUC. (C) swimming pathway traveled to locate the platform on day 6. (D) escape latency and (E) number of crossings of the original position of the platform on day 6. (F-I) effect of foot shock-induced contextual fear freezing test. (J and K) the amount of soluble Aβ fractions extracted from the hippocampus was examined by western blot analyses and quantification of soluble Aβ intensity using ImageJ. (L and M) Representative images of Aβ plaques by 4G8 staining and thioflavin staining and quantification of the percentage of area occupied by Aβ plaques in the hippocampus and cortex. n = 6 mice per group. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001. The data are presented as the means ± SEMs. Two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc test was used to analyze the data in (A), one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc test was used to analyze the data in (B-I), and Student’s t tests were used to analyze the data in (K and M).