Table 2.
Comparison of pregnant women with and without large-for-gestational-age offspring.
| Women with LGA Newborns | Women without LGA Newborns | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 35.1 ± 5.9 | 34.9 ± 5.5 | 0.892 |
| Multiparity | 61.1% (11/18) | 47.6% (39/82) | 0.436 |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) * | 31.6 (25.6–38.1) | 25.0 (22.9–29.7) | 0.002 |
| Percentage of gestational weight gain (%) | 14.7 ± 13.1 | 16.3 ± 10.2 | 0.579 |
| Metformin therapy + | 50.0% (9/18) | 15.9% (13/82) | 0.004 |
| Insulin therapy + | 50.0% (9/18) | 17.1% (14/82) | 0.005 |
| Adverse neonatal outcome 1 | 61.1% (11/18) | 30.8% (24/78) | 0.028 |
| Third-trimester fasting glucose (mg/dL) * | 83 (72–92) | 74 (70–79) | 0.011 |
| Third-trimester HbA1c (%) | 5.4 ± 0.4 | 5.2 ± 0.4 | 0.030 |
| Third-trimester TG (mg/dL) * | 296 (187–354) | 208 (171–253) | 0.027 |
| Third-trimester HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 64.8 ± 14.4 | 67.9 ± 12.7 | 0.362 |
| Third-trimester LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) * | 149 (118–154) | 146 (115–180) | 0.507 |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, unless otherwise indicated by * corresponding to data presented as median, with 25th and 75th percentiles. + Six patients were treated with metformin and insulin. BMI: body mass index; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; LGA: large for gestational age; TG: triglycerides. 1 At least one adverse neonatal outcome: neonatal respiratory distress, neonatal jaundice (requiring phototherapy), neonatal hypoglycemia, shoulder dystocia, clavicle fracture, Erb’s palsy, sepsis, or admission to the neonatal intensive care unit.