| Inclusion Criteria |
Exclusion criteria |
| Randomized controlled trials, clinical trials, cohort studies, and observational studies |
Case reports, case series, and case studies. |
| Studies examining the efficacy of kangaroo mother care (KMC) in term and late preterm neonates |
Studies focusing solely on preterm neonates without term neonates |
| Studies published between 2017 and 2023 |
Studies with insufficient data or unclear methodology |
| Studies reporting outcomes such as serum bilirubin levels, pain scores, hypothermia prevention, and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes |
Studies with conflicts of interest or funding bias |
| Studies with clear intervention protocols and outcome measures |
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