Comprehensive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of a new multi‐component anti‐aging topical eye cream

Abstract

Background

The delicate periorbital region is susceptible to skin dehydration, wrinkles, and loss of elasticity. Thus, targeted and effective anti‐aging interventions are necessary for the periorbital area.

Aim

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new anti‐aging eye cream formulated with the active complex (Yeast/rice fermentation filtrate, N‐acetylneuraminic acid, palmityl tripeptide‐1, and palmitoyl tetrapeptide‐7).

Methods

The cell viability and expressions of key extracellular matrix (ECM) components of the active complex were evaluated using a human skin fibroblast model. In the 12‐week clinical trial, skin hydration, elasticity, facial photographs, and collagen density following eye cream application were assessed using Corneometer, Cutometer, VISIA, and ultrasound device, respectively. Dermatologists and participants evaluated clinical efficacy and safety at baseline, and after 4, 8, and 12 weeks.

Results

PCR and immunofluorescent analyses revealed that the active complex significantly stimulated fibroblast proliferation (p < 0.05) and markedly promote the synthesis of collagen and elastin. Clinical findings exhibited a substantial enhancement in skin hydration (28.12%), elasticity (18.81%), and collagen production (54.99%) following 12 weeks of eye cream application. Dermatological evaluations and participants’ assessments reported a significant improvement in skin moisture, roughness, elasticity, as well as fine lines and wrinkles by week 8.

Conclusion

The new anti‐aging eye cream, enriched with the active complex, demonstrates comprehensive rejuvenating effects, effectively addressing aging concerns in the periorbital area, coupled with a high safety profile.

1. INTRODUCTION

The periorbital skin region, characterized by its delicate nature, is especially vulnerable to early signs of aging, including skin dehydration, fine lines, wrinkles, and reduced elasticity. ¹ , ² These manifestations of aging not only affect one's appearance but also contribute to a perception of fatigue and diminished vitality. ³ , ⁴ Therefore, the intricacies of periorbital skin aging necessitate targeted and effective anti‐aging interventions to tackle the distinct challenges encountered in the eye area.

The aging of periorbital skin, similar to other body parts, is a natural phenomenon influenced by a complex interplay of intrinsic factors (e.g., hormones and genetic factors) and extrinsic factors (including UV irradiation and pollution). ⁵ , ⁶ Notably, the degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a pivotal role in periorbital skin aging. ⁷ , ⁸ Consisting primarily of collagen, elastin, and fibronectin, the ECM serves as the supportive structure of the skin. ⁹ , ¹⁰ ECM deterioration significantly contributes to periorbital skin aging, marked by collagen degradation, elastin depletion, and decreased moisture content. ¹¹ , ¹² Therefore, the consideration of cosmetic ingredients with the capability to rejuvenate the ECM presents a rational approach in the formulation of effective anti‐aging eye creams.

To date, numerous cosmetic ingredients capable of enhancing ECM synthesis have been extensively utilized in anti‐aging formulations. Signaling peptides, which play a crucial role in cellular activities, stand out as notable examples. ¹³ For instance, Palmityl Tripeptide‐1, a signaling peptide operating within the dermal layer, promotes the synthesis of ECM components such as types I and III collagen, elastin, and structural glycoproteins like fibronectin. ¹⁴ It also facilitates tissue regeneration, strengthen the dermal layer, resulting in more resilient skin with reduced wrinkles and enhanced UV resistance. ¹⁵ Another promising signaling peptide is Palmitoyl tetrapeptide‐7. Palmitoyl tetrapeptide‐7 exhibits the capability to reduce fine lines, improve skin elasticity, and promote skin repair by stimulating collagen fiber regeneration in the dermis. ¹⁶ N‐acetylneuraminic acid (AA), also known as sialic acid, emerges as a promising anti‐aging ingredient due to its remarkable ability to stimulate collagen synthesis. ¹⁷ Moreover, previous studies have reported that N‐acetylneuraminic acid exhibits anti‐aging, anti‐inflammatory, and wound‐healing activities in human skin keratinocytes and fibroblasts. ¹⁸

Yeast/rice fermentation filtrate (RFF), a naturally derived fermentative product rich in amino acids, polysaccharides, and minerals, has gained widespread recognition for its moisturizing and skin‐repairing properties in anti‐aging formulations. ¹⁹ Our previous study has also demonstrated that a lotion product containing RFF can increase skin barrier function and reduce extrinsic photoaging in clinical trials. ²⁰ Herein, we present a novel anti‐aging eye cream formulated with RFF, AA, palmitoyl tripeptide‐1 and palmitoyl tetrapeptide‐7 to rejuvenate the periorbital ECM. Both the in‐vitro and clinical evaluations affirm the cream's effectiveness in increasing hydration, reducing wrinkles, and improving the elasticity of periorbital skin. This eye cream provides a compelling approach to addressing signs of aging in the delicate periorbital skin region.

2. MATERIALS AND METHODS

2.1. Cell viability

Human skin fibroblast (HSF) cells were obtained from China Center for Type Culture Collection. These cells were cultivated at 37°C with 5% CO₂ until they reached the exponential growth phase. Then, they were seeded onto a 96‐well plate at a density of 1 × 10⁴ cells/well. Following that, the HSF cells were cultured in medium with 10% fetal bovine serum at 37°C overnight. After removing the supernatant, serum‐free samples (0.25% RFF, peptides (0.0002% palmitoyl tripeptide‐1 and 0.0001% palmitoyl tetrapeptide‐7), 0.1% AA, and their complex) were added and incubated for 24 h. Subsequently, 10 µL of CCK‐8 solution (Beyotime Biotechnology Co., China) was added to each well, vortexed, and further incubated at 37°C. After 2 h, the absorbance OD value was measured at a wavelength of 450 nm to evaluate the effect of the test samples on cell viability.

2.2. In vitro antiaging genes expressions evaluation

HSF cells in the exponential growth phase were plated onto a 6‐well dish at a concentration of 1 × 10⁵ cells/mL and cultivated in medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum at 37°C for 24 h. Active complex (containing 0.25% RFF, peptides (0.0002% palmitoyl tripeptide‐1 and 0.0001% palmitoyl tetrapeptide‐7), 0.1% AA) were then applied and allowed to incubate for an additional 24 h. Subsequently, the total cellular RNA was extracted from each well, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was employed to quantify the mRNA expressions of collagen type I (Col I A1), collagen type III (Col III A1), collagen type IV (Col IV A1), elastin, and fibronectin.

2.3. Immunofluorescence staining

HDF cells were seeded onto glass coverslips, placed in a 12‐well plate, and allowed to adhere overnight in culture. Cells were incubated with the active complex for 24 h, followed by fixation of the treated cells in 4% paraformaldehyde for 20 min at room temperature. Subsequently, the coverslips were washed three times with PBS. Following that, coverslips were treated overnight at 4°C with mouse anti‐human COL1A1 monoclonal antibody (1:300 dilution), rabbit anti‐human COL3A1 monoclonal antibody (1:200 dilution), or rabbit anti‐human elastin polyclonal antibody (1:200 dilution) in 5% BSA. The coverslips were then washed three times by PBS for 5 min each. Subsequently, coverslips were treated at room temperature for 40 min with Cy3‐labeled goat anti‐rabbit IgG (for Col I and elastin staining) or Cy3‐labeled goat anti‐mouse IgG (for Col III staining) (Aspen Biotechnology, China) in a 1:200 dilution in 5% BSA. Coverslips were washed three times with PBS for 5 min, removed from the 12‐well plates, and mounted on microscope slides for fluorescence imaging with DAPI. Finally, coverslips were sealed with anti‐fluorescence quenched solution, and the fluorescent staining was visualized using an Olympus fluorescent microscope. Fluorescence intensity was quantified using Image J software.

2.4. Formulation of the eye cream

The product was provided by Mageline Biology Tech Co., Ltd., and commercially available as a multi‐component eye cream containing RFF, AA, Palmitoyl Tripeptide‐1, and Palmitoyl tetrapeptide‐7 as active ingredients. The ingredients of the eye cream also contained acetylated sodium hyaluronate, polydimethylsiloxane, cellulose acetate, glycerol, butanediol, vinyl dimethylsiloxane/polymethylsiloxane cross‐linked polymer, Lactococcus ferment lysate, hydroxypropyl tetrahydropyrantriol, sodium chloride, tocopherol, Mauritia flexuosa fruit oil. To ensure the quality and safety of the product throughout its shelf life, a safe preservative combination (0.45% 4‐hydroxyacetophenone and 0.45% hexylene glycol) has been incorporated into the eye cream formulation. Patch test and microbiological test of the product were conducted, with the results indicating excellent safety.

2.5. Clinical study

The clinical study was carried out at the Shanghai Skinshield Clinical Testing and Technological Research Co., Ltd. The research protocol for this study (No. FD‐SCT20230113A) received approval from Skinshield Ethics Committee for clinical research. The possible benefits, risks, and complications were explained to the participants. All participants recruited for this research received a written consent form and demonstrated comprehension.

2.5.1. Subjects and study protocol

A total of 37 healthy female participants, aged 20–55 years (average age: 44.6 ± 6.2 years) were recruited for this clinical trial. Inclusion criteria for subjects included: (1) voluntary participation in this trial and signing the informed consent form; (2) willingness to follow the instructions from the researchers and doctors throughout the study; (3) female participants aged 20–55; (4) Fitzpatrick skin types II–IV; and (5) periorbital wrinkle grade exceeding level 2, with or without periorbital skin sensitivity. Exclusion criteria were as follows: individuals allergic to the test product or prone to allergies with new products; those with mental health disorders, facial skin lesions (including dermatitis and acne) or discomfort; recent use of facial anti‐inflammatory medications or antihistamines within a week before the study; ongoing dermatological treatment or skin conditions; severe liver, kidney, or autoimmune diseases; recent facial surgery (including minimally invasive procedures); history of facial diseases (e.g., psoriasis, eczema, or rosacea) that could impact study results; pregnancy and breastfeeding; use of other allergy medications during the observation period; injections (e.g., botulinum toxin, fillers) within the past 4 weeks; topical or systemic retinoids and their derivatives in the past 3 months; participation in any clinical trials within the past month; oral or topical corticosteroids or other anti‐inflammatory drugs in the past month.

During the experiment, participants were instructed to apply the eye cream to one side of the periorbital area twice daily (designated as the treatment side, with the other side serving as the control), both in the morning and evening, consistently for 12 weeks.

2.5.2. Instrumental assessment

The measurements were performed under air conditioning (temperature: 20°C∼22°C, relative humidity: 40%∼60%) following a minimum 30‐min acclimatization period. Various biophysical techniques were used to assess the clinical skin parameters. The skin hydration was evaluated using a Corneometer (Courage & Khazaka GmbH, CM 825, Cologne, Germany). Skin elasticity was assessed using a Cutometer (Courage & Khazaka GmbH, Cologne, Germany). Facial photographs were captured using VISIA (Canfield, VISIA7®) and ANTERA 3D (Miravex). Ultrasound images were obtained using an ultrasound device (Cortex Technology, Denmark). The variation of skin parameters was calculated using the following formula:

$$Variation\left(\%\right)=\left|\frac{\left(\mathrm{Treatment}\mathrm{side}\mathrm{value}-\mathrm{Control}\mathrm{side}\mathrm{value}\right)}{\mathrm{Control}\mathrm{side}\mathrm{value}}\right|\times 100\%$$

2.5.3. Clinical evaluation of dermatologists

Clinical dermatologists performed a comprehensive visual and sensory assessment of the eye cream's effectiveness and safety, focusing on the periocular condition of the subjects. Evaluations were conducted at the beginning and after using the eye cream for 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Evaluation indicators include outer eyelid drooping, under‐eye wrinkles, crow's feet, periocular elasticity, firmness, and fullness. The scores for skin elasticity, firmness, and fullness range from 0 to 9, with higher scores indicating tighter skin. The evaluation of outer eyelid drooping, under‐eye wrinkles, and crow's feet on the skin is also on a scale of 0 to 9, while with higher scores indicating more severe signs of aging. The improvement rate of the indicators can be calculated using the following formula:

$$Improvementrate\left(\%\right)=\left|\frac{\left(\mathrm{Treatment}\mathrm{side}\mathrm{score}-\mathrm{Control}\mathrm{side}\mathrm{score}\right)}{\mathrm{Control}\mathrm{side}\mathrm{score}}\right|\times 100\%$$

2.5.4. Subject self‐assessment

All participants completed self‐assessment questionnaires regarding the effectiveness and safety of the eye cream, both at baseline and after using the eye cream for 4, 8, and 12 weeks.

2.6. Statistical analysis

Statistical analysis was performed using R‐3.6.3 and GraphPad Prism software. For in vitro tests, two‐tailed t‐tests were conducted, presenting data as mean ± standard deviation (SD). In clinical evaluation, paired t‐tests were utilized to compare self‐differences before and after treatment, as well as inter‐group differences between the product and control groups, with data presented as mean ± standard error (SEM). A significance level of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

3. RESULTS

3.1. Cell viability

The CCK8 assay was conducted to assess the cell viability of active ingredients in the eye cream. Human fibroblasts were treated with RFF, peptides, AA, and their complex for 24 h, and the cell viability results were presented in Figure 1. The result revealed that all samples exhibited cell viability exceeding 90%, indicating no toxicity to human fibroblasts. Moreover, the active complex containing RFF, peptides and AA could significantly promote fibroblast proliferation compared to the untreated control (p < 0.05).

FIGURE 1.

Cell viability of different active ingredients (*, p < 0.05 compared with the control). The results were presented as mean ± SD of three independent experiments.

3.2. Promotion of the synthesis of ECM components

To study the effect of the active complex containing RFF, peptides and AA on the promotion of ECM components, PCR was initially employed. Figure 2 shows that after 24 h of active complex treatment, the expressions of Col I A1, Col III A1, and Col IV A1 mRNA increased by 1.8, 2.5, and 2.8 times, respectively (p < 0.01). Notably, the elastin mRNA expression in human fibroblasts treated with active complex increased to approximately fivefold compared to the untreated control (p < 0.001). Furthermore, the active complex treatment increased the mRNA expression of fibronectin, a glycoprotein crucial for maintaining the structural integrity of the ECM, by 1.6 times (p < 0.01).

FIGURE 2.

Fold change in mRNA expression levels following treatment with the complex, relative to the untreated control after normalization to GAPDH expression. The results were presented as mean ± SD of three independent experiments (**, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001 compared with the control).

Immunofluorescence staining was also utilized to visualize the collagen and elastin synthesis capacity of the complex. In Figure 3A, the complex treatment markedly elevated the expression of Col I and Col III in HDFs compared to the control, as indicated by enhanced red fluorescence. Remarkably, elastin expression showed a substantial improvement following the complex treatment. Furthermore, quantitative analysis revealed a significant promotion in the expression of Col I, Col III, and elastin after the complex treatment (Figure 3B).

FIGURE 3.

(A) Immunofluorescence staining for collagen (Col I and Col III) and elastin in untreated and complex‐treated HDFs. Cell nuclei were labeled with DAPI (blue fluorescence), while collagen and elastin were labeled with Cy3 (red fluorescence). (B) Quantitative analysis of Col I, Col III, and elastin expression levels in untreated and complex‐treated HDFs (*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001 compared with the control).

3.3. Clinical instrument results

The clinical efficacy of the active complex‐containing eye cream was further evaluated in a 12‐week randomized, double‐blind, controlled trial. Figure 4 illustrates that applying the eye cream for 2 weeks resulted in a significant 5.8% increase in skin hydration on the treated side compared to the control side (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the hydration further increased by 14.1%, 20.9%, and 28.1% after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of using the eye cream (p < 0.001), respectively. These results demonstrate that the eye cream significantly enhanced periorbital skin moisture, confirming its efficacy in moisturizing the skin.

FIGURE 4.

The stratum corneum hydration of participants before and after eye cream usage. Results were presented as mean ± SEM, n = 37 (ns, p > 0.05; *, p < 0.05; ***, p < 0.001 compared with the control side).

Figure 5A illustrates a significant 7.3% increase in collagen density on the treated side compared to the control side after 2 weeks (p < 0.01). Extended eye cream use for 4, 8, and 12 weeks resulted in additional collagen density increases of 17.5%, 20.0%, and 55.0%, respectively (p < 0.001). The representative ultrasound images in Figure 5B further confirmed effective collagen production after 12 weeks of eye cream use.

FIGURE 5.

(A) Variations in collagen density in participants before and after product usage. Results were presented as mean ± SEM, n = 37 (ns, p > 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001 compared with the control side). (B) Ultrasonic images illustrating collagen changes at baseline and after 12 weeks.

Moreover, there was a significant improvement in skin elasticity after 4 weeks of using the eye cream, as indicated by increased values of R2, R5, and R7 (Figure 6). Continued use of the eye cream could further enhance skin elasticity in the periorbital area. After 12 weeks of using the eye cream, R2, R5, and R7 values increased by 14.1%, 20.9%, and 28.1%, respectively (p < 0.001). Figure 7 displays the representative VISIA images after using the eye cream for 12 weeks, demonstrating the effective reduction of fine lines and wrinkles around the eyes.

FIGURE 6.

Variations in R2, R5, and R7 values following eye cream usage over varying time intervals. Results were presented as mean ± SEM, n = 37 (ns, p > 0.05; *, p < 0.05; ***, p < 0.001 compared with the control side).

FIGURE 7.

Representative VISIA photographs of participant No. 14 (left) and No. 28 (right) captured at baseline and at week 12.

3.4. Clinical evaluation of dermatologists

The clinical assessment results (Table 1) indicated a significant improvement in aging indicators, such as outer eyelid drooping, under‐eye wrinkles, crow's feet, periorbital elasticity, firmness, and fullness, after 8 weeks of using the eye cream compared to the control side (p < 0.05). Furthermore, as the duration of eye cream usage increased to 12 weeks, the results became more pronounced. Throughout the entire experiment period, dermatologists observed no adverse reactions in participants, such as skin papules, erythema, scabbing, or desquamation.

TABLE 1.

A summary of clinical evaluations from dermatologists.

Aging parameter	Time point	Mean variation	p value	Aging parameter	Time point	Mean variation	p value
Outer eyelid drooping	W4	−2.27%	0.2625		W4	+10.08%	0.0074
	W8	−9.85%	0.0034	Elasticity	W8	+28.00%	0.0000
	W12	−12.78%	0.0003		W12	+43.55%	0.0000
Crow's feet	W4	−3.80%	0.0963		W4	+21.74%	0.0000
	W8 W12	−10.33% −13.51%	0.0030 0.0000	Firmness	W8 W12	+29.93% +52.63%	0.0000 0.0000
Under‐eye wrinkle	W4	−0.72	0.8902		W4	+1.49%	0.1601
	W8	−8.76	0.0427	Fullness	W8	+5.97%	0.0187
	W12	−20.69	0.0000		W12	+30.08%	0.0000

3.5. Subject assessment

After 4 weeks of use, the majority of participants reported significant improvements in skin glossiness, moisture content, brightness, and roughness (Table 2). Moreover, the majority of participants expressed high satisfaction with the eye cream's effectiveness in improving elasticity and firmness, decreasing fine lines and wrinkles around the eyes after 8 and 12 weeks of use. All participants reported experiencing mildness and comfort upon using the eye cream. Furthermore, those participants with sensitive skin around the eyes noted significant reductions in skin burning, itching, stinging, pruritus, and tightness.

TABLE 2.

A summary of skin parameter improvements based on participant assessments.

Skin parameter		Mean of score			Change rate (%)
	W0	W4	W8	W12	△W4	△W8	△W12
Moisture	1.11	1.59	1.73	2.00	+43.90	+56.10	+80.49
Glossiness	1.16	1.62	2.00	2.11	+39.53	+72.09	+81.40
Brightness	1.57	1.46	1.41	1.30	−6.90	−10.34	−17.24
Roughness	1.22	1.73	1.84	2.14	+42.22	+51.11	+75.56
Elasticity	1.19	1.59	1.84	1.97	+34.09	+54.55	+65.91
Firmness	1.11	1.57	1.76	1.89	+41.46	+58.54	+70.73
Fine lines	4.32	3.70	3.49	3.16	−14.38	−19.38	−26.88
Wrinkles	2.32	1.76	1.62	1.51	−24.42	−30.23	−34.88

4. DISCUSSION

This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of an eye cream formulated with a unique combination of active ingredients, targeting concerns associated with periorbital skin aging, including dehydration, wrinkles, loss of elasticity and firmness. In vitro cell experiments, instrumental methods, and clinical evaluations by dermatologists and participants were conducted to assess the anti‐aging efficacy and tolerability of the eye cream.

Key active ingredients in the eye cream, including Yeast/Rice fermentation filtrate, N‐acetylneuraminic acid, Palmitoyl tripeptide‐1 and Palmitoyl tetrapeptide‐7, were selected to provide combined moisturizing and ECM‐promoting effects. Yeast/Rice fermentation filtrate (RFF) is a fermentative component rich in easily absorbed small molecules, such as amino acids, ceramides, and vitamins, as well as large molecules with significant skin care benefits, such as polysaccharides and peptides. ²⁰ Studies have shown that RFF can restore skin barrier function, moisturize the skin, and reduce skin photoaging in human studies, ¹⁹ , ²⁰ making it a preferred option in moisturizing and anti‐aging products. N‐acetylneuraminic acid is a promising anti‐aging ingredient due to its ability to stimulate collagen synthesis. ¹⁷ Moreover, N‐acetylneuraminic acid exhibits anti‐aging, anti‐inflammatory, and wound‐healing activities in human skin keratinocytes and fibroblasts. ¹⁸ Palmityl Tripeptide‐1, one of the most commonly used signaling peptide, can stimulate the synthesis of ECM components such as types I and III collagen, elastin, and structural glycoproteins like fibronectin. ¹⁵ Palmitoyl tetrapeptide‐7, known for its ability to reduce the interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) secretion and prevent UVB irradiation‐induced inflammatory response, could increase skin elasticity, firmness, and smoothness. ¹⁶

Our in vitro studies revealed that the active complex demonstrated the ability to promote fibroblast proliferation and effectively promoted the synthesis of key ECM components. Treatment with the active complex increased the expressions of Col I, Col III, Col IV, elastin, and fibronectin mRNA by 1.8, 2.5, 2.8, 5.0, and 1.6 times in PCR results, respectively. Immunofluorescence results also confirmed the effective production of collagen and elastin following treatment with the active complex.

Due to the remarkable moisturizing and ECM‐promoting effect of the active complex, the eye cream demonstrated anti‐aging efficacy in clinical trial results. It was observed that the use of the eye cream led to a substantial increase in skin hydration in the periorbital region, accompanied by notable improvements in skin elasticity, as indicated by the elevated R2, R5, and R7 values. Furthermore, the eye cream effectively promoted collagen production, and reduced fine lines and wrinkles in the periorbital region after 12 weeks of use. Additionally, dermatological evaluation and participants’ self‐assessment indicated an overall improvement in periorbital skin aging issues, including increased moisture, enhanced elasticity and firmness, and diminished fine lines and wrinkles. No adverse events, such as skin papules, erythema, scabbing, or desquamation, were observed by dermatologists during the clinical study. Participants also reported experiencing mildness and comfort upon using the eye cream. Furthermore, those participants with sensitive skin around the eyes noted improvements in sensitivity, including alleviated skin burning, itching, stinging, pruritus, and tightness.

While this study presents promising results regarding the anti‐aging efficacy of the eye cream, some limitations should be acknowledged. The sample size of participants in our clinical trial is relatively small, which could potentially introduce random variability into the results and reduce the credibility of the findings. Additionally, the current study did not include a control or placebo group, which could lead to bias in the interpretation of the results. Future studies should consider incorporating a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled design to further verify the clinical efficacy of the eye cream.

In conclusion, our novel eye cream, formulated with an active complex comprising a unique blend of yeast/rice fermentation filtrate, N‐acetylneuraminic acid, and peptides, along with other ingredients, demonstrates exceptional rejuvenation of the periorbital skin by enhancing the ECM components. In vitro studies indicate that the active complex significantly promotes the synthesis of collagen, elastin, and fibronectin. Clinical trial results reveal significant improvements in skin hydration, reduction of wrinkles, and increased skin elasticity in the periorbital region. This study presents a promising strategy for addressing aging concerns in the delicate periorbital skin region and other areas of aging skin.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT

No conflict of interest was reported by the authors.

Yang F, Zhang X, Wang H, Guo M, Zhang J, Feng X, et al. Comprehensive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of a new multi‐component anti‐aging topical eye cream. Skin Res Technol. 2024;30:e13790. 10.1111/srt.13790

DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT

The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author.