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. 2024 May 24;16(6):838. doi: 10.3390/v16060838

Figure 10.

Figure 10

Effect of SPIKENET (SPK) on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced oxidative stress (protein carbonyl formation) (12 h) (A) and LPS-induced LDH release (36 h) (B) in primary cultures of rat brain microglia, as well as H2O2-induced increase in cell volume (24 h) in primary cultures of rat brain astrocytes (C). SPK significantly diminished these effects in glial cells (30 min post-treatment). Exposure of primary microglia to LPS (24 h) showed an increase in DCF fluorescence (D), as well as an increase in IL-6 level (E) in cell culture medium, and such an increase was diminished and blocked by treatment of cells (30 min post-treatment) with SPIKENET. C, control; LPS, lipopolysaccharide. * = p < 0.05 vs. control. † = p < 0.05 vs. LPS. C, control; AIU, arbitrary intensity units; LPS, lipopolysaccharide. Error bars represent mean ± SEM [13].