Table 4.
Distribution of participants, water balance, intake and loss in breastfeeding groups.
| Quartiles of Water Balance (mL/day) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (mL/day) | 1st Quartile (Q1) (<−994.47 mL) |
2nd Quartile (Q2) (−994.47 to 33.31 mL) |
3rd Quartile (Q3) (33.31 to 921.24 mL) |
4th Quartile (Q4) (>921.24 mL) |
p-Value |
| Exclusive, n = 210 (39.7%) | 66 (31.40%) | 50 (23.80%) | 37 (17.60%) | 37 (17.60%) | <0.001 |
| Total water intake | 1996.77 (983.38) | 1760.00 (920.06) | 1899.71 (1117.16) | 2082.50 (784.02) | 0.437 |
| Water intake from liquids (except for water) | 617.10 (385.25) | 772.51 (399.88) | 900.57 (401.87) | 982.73 (426.56) | <0.001 |
| Water from drinking water (only) | 1611.52 (741.22) | 1716.73 (699.24) | 1887.78 (16.02) | 2256.76 (690.08)) | <0.001 |
| Water from foods | 734.24 (243.64) | 796.72 (307.55) | 719.52 (217.05) | 876.29 (376.27) | 0.058 * |
| Water loss | 5103.92 (1007.05) | 3760.85 (727.55) | 3150.64 (724.56) | 2581.80 (793.42) | <0.001 |
| Mixed, n = 169 (31.9%) | 37 (25.30%) | 43 (25.40%) | 39 (23.10%) | 27 (16.00%) | <0.001 |
| Total water intake | 1704.32 (743.04) | 1575.81 (781.45) | 1666.58 (987.90) | 1796.92 (676.88) | 0.737 |
| Water intake from liquids (except for water) | 783.19 (440.53) | 735.23 (372.43) | 763.81 (458.40) | 1048.53 (274.82) | 0.014 |
| Water from drinking water | 1482.70 (682.41) | 1593.02 (565.40) | 1689.74 (691.94) | 2080.74 (457.57) | 0.003 |
| Water from foods | 652.90 (235.45) | 757.58 (290.26) | 824.21 (273.90) | 853.27 (385.34) | 0.028 |
| Water loss | 4948.14 (1237.74) | 3522.31 (817.32) | 2900.63 (742.60) | 2621.46 (581.06) | <0.001 |
| No breastfeeding, n = 153 (28.4%) | 15 (10.0%) | 26 (17.3%) | 41 (17.3%) | 55 (36.7%) | <0.001 |
| Total water intake | 1436.00 (946.50) | 1618.75 (787.63) | 1736.75 (1088.06) | 2033.85 (1036.96) | 0.131 |
| Water intake from liquids (except for water) | 858.94 (386.91) | 708.26 (350.05 | 836.43 (333.34) | 936.43 (283.49) | 0.012 |
| Water from drinking water (only) | 1617.33 (776.36) | 1440.77 (839.16) | 1600.00 9617.77) | 1730.00 (702.50) | 0.002 |
| Water from foods | 641.53 (225.33) | 730.26 (231.39) | 704.36 (253.36) | 775.17 (249.68) | 0.240 |
| Total water loss | 4829.96 (1149.91) | 3251.80 (992.94) | 2740.17 (915.21) | 2135.88 (579.07) | <0.001 |
| Water loss from urine | 1555.51 (381.16) | 1487.61 (450) | 1448.72 (450) | 1229.58 (454) | 0.098 |
| Water loss from faces | 169.26 (50) | 172.41 (54) | 172.79 (50) | 166.32 (52) | 0.878 |
| Water loss from sweat | 2177.35 (1976.71) | 887.26 (1507.67) | 565.70 (979.83) | 246.34 (479) | <0.001 |
Results are presented as P50 (P25, P75), as indicated for skewed variables. Quartiles of water balance were defined according to water balance of non-pregnant women. p-values are derived through the Kruskal–Wallis H-test for the skewed variables. * marginally significant