Figure 5. IL-13 induces dysregulation of eicosanoids in vivo.

(a) RNA-seq analysis of IL-13 (20ng/mL)- or vehicle-treated primary human airway epithelial cells (21-day IL-13/Vehicle treatment, in vitro) and lungs of 6-10 week-old BALB/c mice (4-day, 2.5 μg/day intranasal IL-13/Vehicle treatment, in vivo). Volcano plots of differential gene expression analysis in vitro and in vivo of the effect of IL-13 compared to vehicle. n = epithelia from 8 humans (left); n = lung tissue from 4 mice (right). Selected genes relevant to goblet cell metaplasia are labeled in red. (b) Ingenuity Upstream Regulator Analysis of DEGs in IL-13- or vehicle-treated samples in vitro and in vivo. Predicted upstream regulators are sorted by absolute Z-score. PTGER2 is highlighted as the top predicted regulator activated in vivo but not in vitro. (c) List of top 15 eicosanoids biosynthesis-associated phospholipase genes ranked from highest to lowest magnitude of IL-13 response. (d) Concentrations of prostaglandins in lungs of 8 week-old BALB/c mice treated with IL-13 or vehicle measured by LC-MS/MS calculated according to standard curves and normalized to internal standards (0.1 ng/μL for each I.S.). n = lung sample from 8 mice; mean ± SEM; p value is shown from Student's unpaired t test.