In his review of Steve Jones' book about the Y chromosome (BMJ 2002;325:841), Fred Kavalier wonders what the male equivalent of a misogynist is.
The Greeks had distinct words for man and mankind. A man (as opposed to a woman) was α ' υη ′ ρ (aner; root andr-) and mankind (as opposed to the beasts) was α ' ′υθρωποσ (anthropos), from α ' υη ′ ρ plus ο ' ′ψ (ops), an eye. Of course, nothing is that simple. Aner also meant a man as opposed to a youth and a man as opposed to a god, although for the latter the words βροτο ′ σ (brotos) or θυητο ′ σ (thnetos, from thanatos, death) were sometimes used instead. Aner could also be a good and upright man (andres=gentlemen of the jury) in distinction to a slave or someone contemptuous (anthropos). But in his Historia Animalium Aristotle used aner to mean a male animal.
Some men have manliness in their names—Andrew, Androcles, Alexander, Leander, and Philander (in Ariosto's Orlando Furioso). Some women too—Andromache, Hector's wife, a warring woman, and Andromeda, a guardian or ruler of men. The title of Thornton Wilder's novella The Woman of Andros is a pun—the woman in question, Chrysis, is a prostitute.
Latin made the same distinction, between vir (a man) and homo (mankind). Vir was connected with vis, meaning strength, whereas homo was connected with humus, the ground. So virility was manliness as opposed to eunuchism, and a virago was a woman acting like a man. A werewolf (or lycanthrope) is a man-wolf. And by Victorian double standards, virtue in a man implied courage, but in a woman sexual purity. So could a vir-gin be a man-trap?
The gender of a word must not be confused with the sex of the person to whom it refers. Anthropos and homo are both of masculine gender, but refer to people of both sexes. Conversely, persona, which in Latin originally meant a mask worn in a play, is of feminine gender. By using the word gender to mean sex, we have lost this distinction, just as we have when we use man to mean mankind.
So, one who hates mankind (men and women) is, like Molière's Alceste, a misanthropist. But one who hates men, the counterpart to a misogynist, is a misandrist.
Footnotes
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