Fig. 5.

Subgroup analysis. A) The invagination group exhibited a significantly lower occurrence of grade B/C postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) when compared to the duct-to-mucosa group among patients with a soft pancreas. B) In patients with firm pancreas, there was no significant difference in the incidence of grade B/C POPF between the two groups. C) In patients who did not undergo internal or external stent drainage placement, the invagination group exhibited a substantially lower occurrence of grade B/C POPF in comparison to the duct-to-mucosa group.