An underwater imagery identification guide for shallow, mesophotic and deep-sea benthos in Maldives

Abstract

Background

During the 2022 Nekton Maldives Mission, we deployed a variety of platforms (snorkelling, remotely-operated vehicles and manned submersibles) to conduct video surveys of the biodiversity and composition of shallow (< 30 m), mesophotic (30-150 m) and deep-sea (> 150 m) benthos found in the Maldives’ central and southern atolls. In total, ~ 80 hrs of stereo-video footage were collected during the benthic transect surveys, which were subsequently processed using annotation software in order to evaluate benthic biodiversity and community composition. Here, we present a photographic guide for the visual, in situ identification of reef benthos encountered, including corals, sponges and other invertebrates that inhabit Maldives’ nearshore habitats. We hope that this identification guide will aid future imagery-based surveys or observations of organisms during fieldwork.

New information

A total of 283 morphotypes were identified, including those belonging to Octocorallia (61), Scleractinia (57), Porifera (38), Asteroidea (22), Antipatharia (15), Decapoda (13), Hydrozoa (12), Holothuroidea (10), Actiniaria (9), Echinoidea (8), Annelida (6), Chlorophyta (5), Gastropoda (4), Bivalvia (4), Ascidiacea (3), Crinoidea (3), Bryozoa (2), Cyanobacteria (2), Zoantharia (2), Cephalopoda (1), Ceriantharia (1), Corallimorpharia (1), Ctenophora (1), Ophiuroidea (1), Rhodophyta (1) and to an unknown category (1). Out of these, we identified 40 to species level, 120 to genus, 47 to family, 14 to order and suborder, 58 to class and subclass, two to phylum and one was of unknown phylum. This represents the first attempt to catalogue the mesophotic and deep-sea benthic megafaunal diversity in the Maldives using underwater imagery.

Introduction

Coral reefs in the Maldives are of global significance due to their rich biodiversity (Spalding et al. 2001) and commercially important fisheries species that they support including groupers (Sattar et al. 2011), sea cucumbers (MEE 2017) and a variety of aquarium fish (Saleem and Islam 2008). Previous marine research and monitoring efforts in the Maldives have primarily focused on waters accessible by SCUBA (i.e. < 30 m) (MEE 2017), thus there is little information on deeper communities, including mesophotic coral ecosystems (30-150 m) and deep-sea (> 150 m) habitats.

These deeper environments provide a suite of benefits to humans, including coastal protection, fisheries and nursery grounds (Holstein et al. 2019). In addition, they have unique biodiversity and ecosystem functioning (Stefanoudis et al. 2023) and, hence, warrant protection in their own right. Despite being less accessible to most humans, these ecosystems are nevertheless affected by the consequences of anthropogenic activities, including plastic pollution (Pinheiro et al. 2023), thermal stress (Diaz et al. 2023a) and fishing (Soares et al. 2018).

Expanding knowledge of habitats below 30 m in the Maldives is crucial for making informed decisions about sustainable management. The Nekton Maldives Mission directly addressed that knowledge gap by investigating shallow (< 30 m), mesophotic coral ecosystems (30-150 m) and deeper habitats (> 150 m) in the Maldives, documenting biological communities, diversity and associated environmental conditions. From this exploratory work, this Field Identification Guide provides documentation and descriptions of a variety of benthic taxa that occur beyond the depths accessible to SCUBA divers.

Materials and methods

The Nekton Maldives Mission took place between 4 September and 6 October 2022 onboard the RV Odyssey. In total, six coral atolls and a seamount across the central and southern Maldives Archipelago were investigated (Fig. 1) using a combination of video surveys, biological sample collection, water chemistry measurements and bathymetry (Ahusan et al. 2023). Due to poor weather conditions, only a subset of surveys were made in one site (Fuvahmulah) and solely multibeam data and environmental DNA data in another site (seamount Satho Raha).

Figure 1.

Survey sites investigated during the 2022 Nekton Maldives Mission (taken from Ahusan et al. 2023).

The video-based transect surveys, which are the focus of this contribution, were conducted by snorkellers (2 m), remotely-operated vehicles (ROVs) (~ 10 and 30 m) and manned submersibles (~ 60, 120, 250 and 500 m) using stereo-video camera systems to record benthic biodiversity. Paralenz Dive and Paralenz Vaquita cameras were used for surveys between 2 and 30 m and Teledyne Marine’s L3C-HD for deeper surveys, all recording at a minimum resolution of 1920 × 1080 pixels and a frame rate of 60 fps. Two to three replicate video transect surveys were conducted at each depth contour at each site (except for Fuvahmulah), each 250 m long. During all surveys, a constant altitude of 1-2 m above the seabed was aimed to allow for sufficient overlap between the stereo cameras yet staying close enough to the bottom to maximise the taxonomic resolution of the organisms observed.

Samples of the most common benthic organisms, typically octocorals, black corals or sponges, were collected to verify taxonomic identifications of video-based biodiversity surveys. Each sample was given a unique ID number and subsamples preserved in 98% ethanol were stored in fridges and subsamples in RNAlater stored at room temperature and later in the fridges.

All collected video footage was screened during and after the expedition to create image-based taxon lists. Together with the collected specimens, these were then reviewed during a taxonomic workshop that took place in the Maldives in February 2023 to verify identifications with taxonomic experts (Ahusan et al. 2023). Subsequent imagery annotation to derive biodiversity and other community metrics will comprise a separate publication (in prep).

Data resources

Authors' note

This guide has been designed to aid in the identification of benthic organisms as they are seen in situ. As such, it will be of great assistance to marine professionals observing these organisms in their natural habitat during fieldwork and to researchers annotating imagery-based datasets. Similar efforts for the Indian Ocean include field identification guides for Seychelles (Fassbender et al. 2021), Chagos (Diaz et al. 2023b) and Comoros (in prep.).

Given that some morphological features required for positive taxonomic identification are not visible through imagery alone and often require further ex-situ examination, assigning observed organisms to species level is not always possible. In fact, it is common practice to place observed organisms into ‘morphotypes’ or ‘morphospecies’ that are morphologically similar organisms that could represent a species, genus or higher-level classification (Howell et al. 2019, Fassbender et al. 2021).

Based on this work, we provide the lowest possible taxonomic identification from imagery alone and information on distribution, depth range and size (i.e. length across longest dimension) for each morphotype entry. Size represents the average length from all measured colonies/individuals during image annotation of collected data (Stefanoudis et al., in prep.). Note that size was not possible to estimate for some morphotypes that are difficult to count, such as some encrusting and stoloniferous forms (e.g. algae, some sponges). We also provide a short morphological description as observed from the video footage and some representative in situ images. Additional ex situ images of collected specimens are also provided where available, whose names comprise "MAL_" and a numerical number following the naming conventions during the Nekton Maldives Mission. These are typically identified to a lower taxonomic level (e.g. species or genus) than the morphotype entry they are assigned since they were examined in the laboratory post-expedition. Note that they are not assigned to a different entry since, from underwater footage alone, they are unlikely to have been identified to this fine taxonomic level.

To allow for inter-comparability of Indian Ocean benthic communities between locations, we use the same morphotype names for shared morphotypes found in the Seychelles (Fassbender et al. 2021) and Maldives.

How to use the Guide

All morphotypes that have been observed are classified into 18 main classification groups, with categories ranging from phylum to order. The selection of the taxonomic level for each main group is in accordance with the classification widely used in the field by experts and the general public (e.g. Phylum Porifera for sponges or Order Antipatharia for black corals etc.). Individuals of each major group are categorised into the lowest taxonomic level possible and allocated morphotypes. Table 1 summarises all 281 morphotypes identified.

Table 1.

List of the 283 morphotypes observed in shallow and deeper reef habitats in the Seychelles during the Nekton Maldives Mission 2022 expedition. Open nomenclature (ON) signs applicable to image-based faunal analyses (e.g. indet., stet., inc.), as suggested by Horton et al. (2021), are also provided in the cases where species-level identification was not possible.

Phylum	Class	Order	Family	Genus	(Morpho)Species Scientific Name with ON signs
Cyanobacteria					Cyanobacteria stet. sp. 1
Cyanobacteria					Cyanobacteria stet. sp. 2
Chlorophyta	Ulvophyceae	Bryopsidales	Caulerpaceae	Caulerpa	Caulerpa sp. indet. 1
Chlorophyta	Ulvophyceae	Bryopsidales	Caulerpaceae	Caulerpa	Caulerpaserrulata sp. inc.
Chlorophyta	Ulvophyceae	Bryopsidales	Halimedaceae	Halimeda	Halimeda sp. indet.
Chlorophyta	Ulvophyceae	Bryopsidales	Halimedaceae	Halimeda	Halimedamicronesica
Chlorophyta	Ulvophyceae	Bryopsidales	Udoteaceae	Tydemania	Tydemaniaexpeditionis
Rhodophyta	Florideophyceae	Corallinales			Corallinales stet.
Porifera	Demospongiae	Clionaida	Clionaidae	Spheciospongia	Spheciospongia sp. indet. 4
Porifera	Demospongiae	Clionaida	Clionaidae	Spheciospongia	Spheciospongia sp. indet. 5
Porifera	Demospongiae	Clionaida	Clionaidae	Spheciospongia	Spheciospongiaexcentrica
Porifera	Demospongiae	Dictyoceratida	Thorectidae	Phyllospongia	Phyllospongiafoliascens
Porifera	Demospongiae	Haplosclerida	Callyspongiidae	Callyspongia	Callyspongia sp. indet. 1
Porifera	Demospongiae	Haplosclerida	Petrosiidae		Petrosiidae gen. indet. sp. 3
Porifera	Demospongiae	Petrosiidae	Petrosiidae	Petrosia	Petrosia sp. indet. 1
Porifera	Demospongiae	Petrosiidae	Petrosiidae	Petrosia (Strongylophora)	Petrosia (Strongylophora) sp. indet. 2
Porifera	Demospongiae	Haplosclerida	Chalinidae	Haliclona	Haliclona sp. indet. 15
Porifera	Demospongiae	Haplosclerida	Chalinidae	Haliclona	Haliclona sp. indet. 16
Porifera	Demospongiae	Haplosclerida	Chalinidae	Haliclona	Haliclona sp. indet. 17
Porifera	Demospongiae	Haplosclerida	Chalinidae	Haliclona	Haliclona sp. indet. 18
Porifera	Demospongiae	Haplosclerida	Chalinidae	Haliclona	Haliclona sp. indet. 19
Porifera	Demospongiae	Suberitida	Suberitidae	Suberites	Suberites sp. indet. 3
Porifera	Demospongiae	Suberitida	Suberitidae	Rhizaxinella	Rhizaxinellaramulosa sp. inc.
Porifera	Homoscleromorpha	Homosclerophorida	Plakinidae	Plakortis	Plakortis sp. indet. 3
Porifera	Demospongiae	Poecilosclerida	Iotrochotidae	Iotrochota	Iotrochotanigra
Porifera	Demospongiae	Poecilosclerida	Microcionidae	Clathria	Clathria sp. indet. 1
Porifera	Demospongiae	Scopalinida	Scopalinidae	Stylissa	Stylissacarteri
Porifera	Demospongiae	Tetractinellida	Ancorinidae	Stelletta	Stelletta sp. indet. 2
Porifera	Demospongiae	Tetractinellida	Corallistidae	Corallistes	Corallistes sp. indet. 2
Porifera	Demospongiae	Tetractinellida	Geodiidae	Geodia	Geodia sp. indet. 3
Porifera	Demospongiae	Tetractinellida	Geodiidae	Geodia	Geodia sp. indet. 4
Porifera	Demospongiae	Tetractinellida	Pachastrellidae	Pachastrella	Pachastrella sp. indet. 1
Porifera	Demospongiae				Demospongiae ord. indet. sp. 1
Porifera	Demospongiae				Demospongiae ord. indet. sp. 2
Porifera	Demospongiae				Demospongiae ord. indet. sp. 3
Porifera	Demospongiae				Demospongiae ord. indet. sp. 4
Porifera	Demospongiae				Demospongiae ord. sp. indet. 16
Porifera	Demospongiae				Demospongiae ord. sp. indet. 17
Porifera	Demospongiae				Demospongiae ord. sp. indet. 18
Porifera	Demospongiae				Demospongiae ord. sp. indet. 19
Porifera	Hexactinellida	Amphidiscosida	Hyalonematidae	Hyalonema	Hyalonema (Paradisconema) alcocki
Porifera	Hexactinellida	Amphidiscosida	Pheronematidae	Semperella	Semperellacucumis
Porifera	Hexactinellida	Sceptrulophora	Farreidae	Farrea	Farrea sp. indet. 1
Porifera	Hexactinellida	Sceptrulophora	Farreidae	Farrea	Farrea sp. indet. 2
Porifera	Hexactinellida	Sceptrulophora	Euretidae	Pleurochorium	Pleurochoriumannandalei
Porifera	Hexactinellida				Hexactinellida ord. indet. sp. 1
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Actiniaria	Stichodactylidae	Radianthus	Radianthusmagnifica
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Actiniaria	Heteractidae	Heteractis	Heteractisaurora
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Actiniaria	Stichodactylidae	Stichodactyla	Stichodactylamertensii
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Actiniaria			Actiniaria fam. indet. sp. 2
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Actiniaria			Actiniaria fam. indet. sp. 4
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Actiniaria			Actiniaria fam. indet. sp. 5
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Actiniaria			Actiniaria fam. indet. sp. 6
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Actiniaria			Actiniaria fam. indet. sp. 7
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Actiniaria			Actiniaria fam. indet. sp. 8
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Acroporidae	Acropora	Acropora sp. indet. 1
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Acroporidae	Acropora	Acropora sp. indet. 2
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Acroporidae	Acropora	Acropora sp. indet. 3
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Acroporidae	Acropora	Acropora sp. indet. 4
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Acroporidae	Acropora	Acropora sp. indet. 5
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Acroporidae	Acropora	Acropora sp. indet. 6
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Acroporidae	Acropora	Acropora sp. indet. 7
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Acroporidae	Astreopora	Astreopora sp. indet.
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Acroporidae	Montipora	Montipora sp. indet. 1
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Acroporidae	Montipora	Montipora sp. indet. 2
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Agariciidae	Gardineroseris	Gardineroserisplanulata
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Agariciidae	Leptoseris	Leptoseris sp. indet.
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Agariciidae	Pavona	Pavonavarians
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Agariciidae	Pavona	Pavona sp. indet. 2
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Dendrophylliidae	Dendrophyllia	Dendrophyllia sp. indet.
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Dendrophylliidae	Tubastraea	Tubastraea sp. indet.
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Dendrophylliidae	Turbinaria	Turbinaria sp. indet.
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Dendrophylliidae	Duncanopsammia	Duncanopsammiapeltata
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Dendrophylliidae	Balanophyllia	Balanophyllia sp. indet.
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Diploastraeidae	Diploastrea	Diploastreaheliopora
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Euphyllidae	Galaxea	Galaxea sp. indet.
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Faviidae	Dipsastraea	Dipsastraea sp. indet.
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Fungiidae	Heliofungiaactiniformis	Heliofungiaactiniformis
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Fungiidae		Fungiidae sp. indet. 1
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Fungiidae	Herpolitha	Herpolitha sp. indet.
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Fungiidae	Halomitra	Halomitra sp. indet.
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Fungiidae	Lithophyllon	Lithophyllonundulatum sp. inc.
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Incerta saedis	Pachyseris	Pachyserisrugosa
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Incerta saedis	Pachyseris	Pachyserisspeciosa
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Incerta saedis	Physogyra	Physogyralichtensteini
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Incerta saedis	Plerogyra	Plerogyrasinuosa
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Incerta saedis	Plesiastrea	Plesiastreaversipora
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Lobophyllidae	Echinophyllia	Echinophyllia sp. indet.
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Lobophyllidae	Lobophyllia	Lobophyllia sp. indet.
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Lobophyllidae	Oxypora	Oxyporacrassispinosa
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Merulinidae	Coelastrea	Coelastrea sp. indet.
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Merulinidae	Echinopora	Echinopora sp. indet.
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Merulinidae	Favites	Favites sp. indet.
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Merulinidae	Goniastrea	Goniastrea sp. indet.
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Merulinidae	Hydnophora	Hydnophora sp. indet.
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Merulinidae	Leptoria	Leptoria sp. indet.
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Merulinidae	Merulina	Merulina sp. indet.
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Merulinidae	Mycedium	Mycedium sp. indet.
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Merulinidae	Oulophyllia	Oulophyllia sp. indet.
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Merulinidae	Paragoniastrea	Paragoniastrearusselli sp. inc.
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Merulinidae	Platygyra	Platygyra sp. indet.
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Pocilloporidae	Madracis	Madracis sp. indet.
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Pocilloporidae	Pocillopora	Pocillopora sp. indet. 1
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Pocilloporidae	Pocillopora	Pocillopora sp. indet. 2
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Pocilloporidae	Pocillopora	Pocillopora sp. indet. 3
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Pocilloporidae	Pocillopora	Pocillopora sp. indet. 4
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Poritidae	Goniopora	Goniopora sp. indet.
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Poritidae	Porites	Poritesrus
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Poritidae	Porites	Porites sp. indet. 1
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Poritidae	Porites	Porites sp. indet. 2
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Poritidae	Porites	Porites sp. indet. 3
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Scleractinia	Psammocoridae	Psammocora	Psammocora sp. indet.
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Zoantharia	Sphenopidae	Palythoa	Palythoatuberculosa
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Zoantharia	Sphenopidae	Palythoa	Palythoa sp. indet. 2
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Antipatharia	Antipathidae	Arachnopathes	Arachnopathes sp. indet.
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Antipatharia	Antipathidae	Antipathes	Antipathesnilanduensis sp. inc.
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Antipatharia	Antipathidae	Antipathes	Antipathes sp. indet. 2
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Antipatharia	Antipathidae	Antipathes	Antipathes sp. indet. 3
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Antipatharia	Antipathidae	Antipathes	Antipathes sp. indet. 4
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Antipatharia	Aphanipathidae	Asteriopathes	Asteriopathes sp. indet.
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Antipatharia	Aphanipathidae	Tetrapathes	Tetrapathes sp. indet.
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Antipatharia	Schizopathidae	Bathypathes	Bathypathes sp. indet.
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Antipatharia	Myriopathidae	Cupressopathes	Cupressopathes sp. indet.
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Antipatharia	Myriopathidae	Myriopathes	Myriopathes sp. indet. 1
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Antipatharia	Aphanipathidae	Pteridopathes	Pteridopathes sp. indet.
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Antipatharia	Stylopathidae	Stylopathes	Stylopathes sp. indet.
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Antipatharia	Schizopathidae	Parantipathes	Parantipathes sp. indet.
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Antipatharia	Schizopathidae	Umbellapathes	Umbellapathes sp. indet.
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Antipatharia			Antipatharia fam. indet. sp. 7
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Hexacorallia	Corallimorpharia		Rhodactis	Rhodactis sp. indet.
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia	Malacalcyonacea	Astrogorgiidae	Astrogorgia	Astrogorgia sp. indet.
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia	Malacalcyonacea	Melithaeidae	Melithaea	Melithaea sp. indet. 1
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia	Malacalcyonacea	Melithaeidae	Melithaea	Melithaea sp. indet. 2
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia	Malacalcyonacea	Nephtheidae	Dendronephthya	Dendronephthya sp. indet. 1
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia	Malacalcyonacea	Nephtheidae	Dendronephthya	Dendronephthya sp. indet. 4
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia	Malacalcyonacea	Nephtheidae		Nephtheidae gen. indet. sp. 5
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia	Malacalcyonacea	Nephtheidae	Scleronephythya	Scleronephythya sp. indet. 2
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia	Malacalcyonacea	Nephtheidae	Umbellulifera	Umbellulifera sp. indet.
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia	Malacalcyonacea	Paramuriceidae		Paramuriceidae gen. indet. sp. 1
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia	Malacalcyonacea	Paramuriceidae	Acanthogorgia	Acanthogorgia sp. indet.
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia	Malacalcyonacea	Plexauridae		Plexauridae gen. indet. sp. 2
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia	Malacalcyonacea	Plexauridae		Plexauridae gen. indet. sp. 9
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia	Malacalcyonacea	Sarcophytidae	Lobophytum	Lobophytum sp. indet.
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia	Malacalcyonacea	Sarcophytidae	Sarcophyton	Sarcophyton sp. indet.
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia	Malacalcyonacea	Sinulariidae		Sinulariidae gen. indet. sp. 1
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia	Malacalcyonacea	Sinulariidae		Sinulariidae gen. indet. sp. 2
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia	Malacalcyonacea	Sinulariidae		Sinulariidae gen. indet. sp. 3
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia	Malacalcyonacea	Sinulariidae		Sinulariidae gen. indet. sp. 4
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia	Malacalcyonacea	Siphonogorgiidae	Chironephthya	Chironephthya sp. indet. 2
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia	Malacalcyonacea	Subergorgiidae		Subergorgiidae sp. indet. 1
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia	Malacalcyonacea	Subergorgiidae	Annella	Annella sp. indet.
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia	Malacalcyonacea	Subergorgiidae	Subergorgia	Subergorgia sp. indet. 2
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia	Malacalcyonacea			Malacalcyonacea fam. indet.
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia	Scleralcyonacea	Ellisellidae	Ellisella	Ellisella sp. indet.
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia	Scleralcyonacea	Ellisellidae	Nicella	Nicella sp. indet.
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia	Scleralcyonacea	Ellisellidae		Ellisellidae gen. indet. sp. 2
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia	Scleralcyonacea	Ellisellidae		Ellisellidae gen. indet. sp. 4
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia	Scleralcyonacea	Ellisellidae		Ellisellidae gen. indet. sp. 5
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia	Scleralcyonacea	Ellisellidae		Ellisellidae gen. indet. sp. 6
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia	Scleralcyonacea	Ellisellidae		Ellisellidae gen. indet. sp. 8
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia	Scleralcyonacea	Ellisellidae		Ellisellidae gen. indet. sp. 9
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia	Scleralcyonacea	Helioporidae	Heliopora	Heliopora sp. indet.
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia	Scleralcyonacea	Pennatuloidea		Pennatuloidea gen. indet. sp.
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia	Scleralcyonacea	Primnoidae		Primnoidae gen. indet. sp. 1
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia	Scleralcyonacea	Primnoidae		Primnoidae gen. indet. sp. 2
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia	Scleralcyonacea	Primnoidae		Primnoidae gen. indet. sp. 3
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia	Scleralcyonacea	Primnoidae		Primnoidae gen. indet. sp. 4
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia	Scleralcyonacea	Primnoidae		Primnoidae gen. indet. sp. 5
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia				Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 3
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia				Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 4
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia				Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 5
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia				Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 6
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia				Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 7
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia				Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 8
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia				Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 9
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia				Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 10
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia				Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 11
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia				Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 12
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia				Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 13
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia				Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 14
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia				Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 15
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia				Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 18
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia				Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 19
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia				Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 20
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia				Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 21
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia				Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 22
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia				Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 24
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia				Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 25
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia				Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 27
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia				Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 29
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Octocorallia				Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 31
Cnidaria	Anthozoa-Ceriantharia				Ceriantharia stet.
Cnidaria	Hydrozoa	Anthoathecata	Milleporidae	Millepora	Millepora sp. indet. 1
Cnidaria	Hydrozoa	Anthoathecata	Milleporidae	Millepora	Millepora sp. indet. 2
Cnidaria	Hydrozoa	Anthoathecata	Milleporidae	Millepora	Millepora sp. indet. 3
Cnidaria	Hydrozoa	Anthoathecata	Stylasteridae	Crypthelia	Crypthelia gen. indet. sp.
Cnidaria	Hydrozoa	Anthoathecata	Stylasteridae		Stylasteridae gen. indet. sp. 4
Cnidaria	Hydrozoa	Anthoathecata	Stylasteridae		Stylasteridae gen. indet. sp. 5
Cnidaria	Hydrozoa	Anthoathecata	Stylasteridae		Stylasteridae gen. indet. sp. 6
Cnidaria	Hydrozoa	Anthoathecata	Stylasteridae		Stylasteridae gen. indet. sp. 7
Cnidaria	Hydrozoa	Anthoathecata	Stylasteridae		Stylasteridae gen. indet. sp. 8
Cnidaria	Hydrozoa				Hydrozoa ord. indet. sp. 1
Cnidaria	Hydrozoa				Hydrozoa ord. indet. sp. 4
Cnidaria	Hydrozoa				Hydrozoa ord. indet. sp. 5
Ctenophora	Tentaculata	Platyctenida	Lyroctenidae	Lyrocteis	Lyrocteis sp. indet.
Mollusca	Bivalvia	Cardiida	Cardiidae	Tridacna	Tridacna sp. indet.
Mollusca	Bivalvia				Bivalvia ord. indet. sp. 1
Mollusca	Bivalvia				Bivalvia ord. indet. sp. 2
Mollusca	Bivalvia				Bivalvia ord. indet. sp. 3
Mollusca	Cephalopoda	Octopoda			Octopoda fam. indet. sp.
Mollusca	Gastropoda	Littorinimorpha	Strombidae		Strombidae gen. indet. sp. 1
Mollusca	Gastropoda	Littorinimorpha	Strombidae		Strombidae gen. indet. sp. 2
Mollusca	Gastropoda	Neogastropoda	Conoidea		Conoidea gen. indet. sp.
Mollusca	Gastropoda	Neogastropoda	Muricidae	Drupella	Drupella sp. indet.
Annelida	Polychaeta				Polychaeta ord. indet. sp. 1
Annelida	Polychaeta				Polychaeta ord. indet. sp. 2
Annelida	Polychaeta				Polychaeta ord. indet. sp. 3
Annelida	Polychaeta				Polychaeta ord. indet. sp. 4
Annelida	Polychaeta				Polychaeta ord. indet. sp. 5
Annelida	Polychaeta-Echiura				Echiura ord. indet. sp.
Arthropoda	Malacostraca	Decapoda	Galatheoidea		Galatheoidea gen. indet. sp.
Arthropoda	Malacostraca	Decapoda	Chirostyloidea		Chirostyloidea gen. indet. sp. 1
Arthropoda	Malacostraca	Decapoda	Chirostyloidea		Chirostyloidea gen. indet. sp. 2
Arthropoda	Malacostraca	Decapoda	Leucosiidae		Leucosiidae gen. indet. sp.
Arthropoda	Malacostraca	Decapoda	Munidopsidae		Munidopsidae gen. indet. sp.
Arthropoda	Malacostraca	Decapoda	Mithracidae		Mithracidae gen. indet. sp.
Arthropoda	Malacostraca	Decapoda	Homolidae		Homolidae gen. indet. sp.
Arthropoda	Malacostraca	Decapoda	Paguroidea	Paguropsis	Paguropsisconfusa
Arthropoda	Malacostraca	Decapoda	Aristeidae		Aristeidae gen. indet. sp.
Arthropoda	Malacostraca	Decapoda-Brachyura	Xanthidae		Xanthidae gen. indet. sp.
Arthropoda	Malacostraca	Decapoda-Brachyura	Calappidae		Calappidae gen. indet. sp.
Arthropoda	Malacostraca	Decapoda-Brachyura	Geryonidae		Geryonidae gen. indet. sp.
Arthropoda	Malacostraca	Decapoda-Caridea			Caridea fam. indet. sp.
Bryozoa					Bryozoa clas. indet. sp. 1
Bryozoa	Gymnolaemata	Cheilostomatida	Cellariidae	Cellaria	Cellaria sp. indet.
Echinodermata	Asteroidea	Brisingida	Brisingidae		Brisingidae gen. indet. sp.
Echinodermata	Asteroidea	Forcipulatida	Asteriidae	Sclerasterias	Sclerasterias sp. indet.
Echinodermata	Asteroidea	Paxillosida	Astropectinidae	Persephonaster	Persephonaster sp. indet.
Echinodermata	Asteroidea	Paxillosida	Astropectinidae		Astropectinidae gen. indet. sp. 1
Echinodermata	Asteroidea	Paxillosida	Astropectinidae		Astropectinidae gen. indet. sp. 2
Echinodermata	Asteroidea	Spinulosida	Echinasteridae	Echinaster	Echinasterluzonicus
Echinodermata	Asteroidea	Valvatida	Asterinidae	Anseropoda	Anseropoda sp. indet.
Echinodermata	Asteroidea	Valvatida	Asterinidae	Paranepanthia	Paranepanthia sp. indet.
Echinodermata	Asteroidea	Valvatida	Asterinidae	Tremaster	Tremastermirabilis
Echinodermata	Asteroidea	Valvatida	Asterinidae		Asterinidae gen. indet. sp.
Echinodermata	Asteroidea	Valvatida	Goniasteridae	Mediaster	Mediaster sp. indet.
Echinodermata	Asteroidea	Valvatida	Goniasteridae	Ceramaster	Ceramaster sp. indet.
Echinodermata	Asteroidea	Valvatida	Goniasteridae	Sphaeriodiscus	Sphaeriodiscus sp. indet.
Echinodermata	Asteroidea	Valvatida	Goniasteridae	Nymphaster	Nymphaster sp. indet.
Echinodermata	Asteroidea	Valvatida	Goniasteridae		Goniasteridae gen. indet. sp. 4
Echinodermata	Asteroidea	Valvatida	Goniasteridae	Fromia	Fromiamonilis
Echinodermata	Asteroidea	Valvatida	Oreasteridae	Astrosarkus	Astrosarkusidipi
Echinodermata	Asteroidea	Valvatida	Oreasteridae	Choriaster	Choriastergranulatus
Echinodermata	Asteroidea	Valvatida	Oreasteridae	Culcita	Culcitaschmideliana
Echinodermata	Asteroidea	Valvatida	Ophidiasteridae	Linckia	Linckia sp. indet.
Echinodermata	Asteroidea				Asteroidea ord. indet. sp. 5
Echinodermata	Asteroidea				Asteroidea ord. indet. sp. 6
Echinodermata	Ophiuroidea				Ophiuroidea stet.
Echinodermata	Crinoidea				Crinoidea ord. indet. sp. 1
Echinodermata	Crinoidea				Crinoidea ord. indet. sp. 2
Echinodermata	Crinoidea				Crinoidea ord. indet. sp. 3
Echinodermata	Echinoidea	Micropygoida	Micropygidae	Micropyga	Micropyga sp. indet.
Echinodermata	Echinoidea	Cidaroida			Cidaroida fam. indet. sp. 1
Echinodermata	Echinoidea	Cidaroida			Cidaroida fam. indet. sp. 2
Echinodermata	Echinoidea	Clypeasteroida	Clypeasteridae	Clypeaster	Clypeaster sp. indet.
Echinodermata	Echinoidea	Diadematoida	Diadematidae	Echinothrix	Echinothrixdiadema
Echinodermata	Echinoidea				Echinoidea ord. indet. sp. 1
Echinodermata	Echinoidea				Echinoidea ord. indet. sp. 2
Echinodermata	Echinoidea	Spatangoida			Spatangoida fam. indet. sp.
Echinodermata	Holothuroidea	Holothuriida	Holothuriidae	Holothuria	Holothuriaatra
Echinodermata	Holothuroidea	Holothuriida	Holothuriidae	Holothuria	Holothuriaedulis
Echinodermata	Holothuroidea	Holothuriida	Holothuriidae	Pearsonothuria	Pearsonothuriagraeffei
Echinodermata	Holothuroidea				Holothuroidea ord. indet. sp. 3
Echinodermata	Holothuroidea				Holothuroidea ord. indet. sp. 4
Echinodermata	Holothuroidea				Holothuroidea ord. indet. sp. 5
Echinodermata	Holothuroidea				Holothuroidea ord. indet. sp. 6
Echinodermata	Holothuroidea				Holothuroidea ord. indet. sp. 7
Echinodermata	Holothuroidea				Holothuroidea ord. indet. sp. 8
Echinodermata	Holothuroidea				Holothuroidea ord. indet. sp. 9
Chordata-Tunicata	Ascidiacea	Aplousobranchia	Didemnidae	Didemnum	Didemnummolle
Chordata-Tunicata	Ascidiacea				Ascidiacea ord. indet. sp. 1
Chordata-Tunicata	Ascidiacea				Ascidiacea ord. indet. sp. 2
Unknown					Unknown sp. indet. 1

Taxon treatments

Cyanobacteria stet. sp. 1

F9632B1D-F693-575B-945C-DD1F6C524E68

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Cyanobacteria sp. 1; kingdom: Bacteria; phylum: Cyanobacteria; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Laamu, Huvadhu; minimumDepthInMeters: 2; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Cyanobacteria stet. sp. 2

D61CFF8D-4C63-58DA-BE07-9918787F3AE8

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Cyanobacteria sp. 2; kingdom: Bacteria; phylum: Cyanobacteria; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Huvadhu; minimumDepthInMeters: 30; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Caulerpa sp. indet. 1

669DBD9F-C3F1-505D-AA9E-16E14ADE6C6F

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Caulerpa sp. 1; kingdom: Plantae; phylum: Chlorophyta; class: Ulvophyceae; order: Bryopsidales; family: Caulerpaceae; genus: Caulerpa; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’; minimumDepthInMeters: 10; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Caulerpa serrulata

(Forsskål) J.Agardh, 1837

B4847A11-58C2-5DFE-B8F0-150DE040434C

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Caulerpaserrulata; kingdom: Plantae; phylum: Chlorophyta; class: Ulvophyceae; order: Bryopsidales; family: Caulerpaceae; genus: Caulerpa; scientificNameAuthorship: (Forsskål) J.Agardh, 1837; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 2; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Halimeda sp. indet.

91F60809-DAF5-5CF7-9EB9-D49A75C77C94

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Halimeda sp.; kingdom: Plantae; phylum: Chlorophyta; class: Ulvophyceae; order: Bryopsidales; family: Halimedaceae; genus: Halimeda; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: TBD; minimumDepthInMeters: TBD; maximumDepthInMeters: TBD; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Halimeda micronesica

Yamada, 1941

BA2BD68B-965F-5263-987A-C6A8668A4348

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Halimedamicronesica; kingdom: Plantae; phylum: Chlorophyta; class: Ulvophyceae; order: Bryopsidales; family: Halimedaceae; genus: Halimeda; scientificNameAuthorship: Yamada, 1941; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Huvadhu, Laamu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 10; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Tydemania expeditionis

Weber Bosse, 1901

CAD275E4-1A38-5897-A7A1-CE6B585A896B

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Tydemaniaexpeditionis; kingdom: Plantae; phylum: Chlorophyta; class: Ulvophyceae; order: Bryopsidales; family: Udoteaceae; genus: Tydemania; scientificNameAuthorship: Weber Bosse, 1901; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Laamu, Addu, Huvadhu; minimumDepthInMeters: 2; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Corallinales stet.

3F454CA4-B916-5DD0-A376-636B5E9F3456

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Corallinales; kingdom: Plantae; phylum: Rhodophyta; class: Florideophyceae; order: Corallinales; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 2; maximumDepthInMeters: 121; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Spheciospongia sp. indet. 4

D8889C64-DBD4-56B2-9D9B-010F4E154589

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Spheciospongia sp. 4; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Porifera; class: Demospongiae; order: Clionaida; family: Clionaidae; genus: Spheciospongia; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 30; maximumDepthInMeters: 62; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Toufiek Samaai; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Spheciospongia sp. indet. 5

7BECD251-52FB-5B89-9586-8387FFFA85BF

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Spheciospongia sp. 5; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Porifera; class: Demospongiae; order: Clionaida; family: Clionaidae; genus: Spheciospongia; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 52; maximumDepthInMeters: 124; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Toufiek Samaai; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Spheciospongia excentrica

(Burton, 1931)

3D5601AE-4158-59E8-BE36-590AD04933D4

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Spheciospongiaexcentrica; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Porifera; class: Demospongiae; order: Clionaida; family: Clionaidae; genus: Spheciospongia; scientificNameAuthorship: (Burton, 1931); Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 30; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Toufiek Samaai; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Notes

Large cup- to barrel-shaped sponges. Surface smooth, but undulating and somewhat slippery to the touch. Large sunken indentations visible on the outer surface. Oscules randomly scattered on the inner side of the vase. Approximately 46 cm across. Colour in life brown; in preservative beige (Fig. 12).

Figure 12.

Spheciospongiaexcentrica, Addu, 30 m.

Phyllospongia foliascens

(Pallas, 1766)

56DB0A91-60D6-5861-A731-E914F656C6E8

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Phyllospongiafoliascens; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Porifera; class: Demospongiae; order: Dictyoceratida; family: Thorectidae; genus: Phyllospongia; scientificNameAuthorship: (Pallas, 1766); Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu, Fuvahmulah, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 59; maximumDepthInMeters: 120; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Toufiek Samaai; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Notes

Oliaceous sponges attached to substratum by stalk. Usually made up of two concentric plates. The sponge is rubbery with ostia evenly scattered on the rim of the sponge. Surface smooth. Approximately 17 cm in longest dimension. Colouration light brown to pale grey with lighter shades of yellow (Fig. 13).

Phyllospongiafoliascens

Figure 13a.

Fuvahmulah, 120 m;

Figure 13b.

Huvadhu, 120 m;

Figure 13c.

Laamu, 116 m, in situ photo of collected specimen MAL1_550;

Figure 13d.

Laamu, 116 m, collected specimen MAL1_550.

Callyspongia sp. indet. 1

7C31D44D-76EB-5625-A3F2-C610B74DF3D7

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Callyspongia sp. 1; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Porifera; class: Demospongiae; order: Haplosclerida; family: Callyspongiidae; genus: Callyspongia; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu; minimumDepthInMeters: 30; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Toufiek Samaai; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Petrosiidae gen. indet. sp. 3

C89F4A54-1D40-5A88-BA09-1FF474477DA2

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Petrosiidae sp. 3; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Porifera; class: Demospongiae; order: Haplosclerida; family: Petrosiidae; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Huvadhu; minimumDepthInMeters: 30; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Toufiek Samaai; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Petrosia sp. indet. 1

DF366647-CE2F-53E0-9E91-B6D055D79B21

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Petrosia sp. 1; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Porifera; class: Demospongiae; order: Petrosiidae; family: Petrosiidae; genus: Petrosia; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Huvadhu; minimumDepthInMeters: 30; maximumDepthInMeters: 62; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Toufiek Samaai; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Petrosia (Strongylophora) sp. indet. 2

DD452954-D320-5B55-A810-636E2470CE79

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Petrosia (Strongylophora) sp. 2; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Porifera; class: Demospongiae; order: Petrosiidae; family: Petrosiidae; genus: Petrosia; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 2; maximumDepthInMeters: 10; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Toufiek Samaai; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Haliclona sp. indet. 15

B0985FD8-617C-542C-A3B9-52176AA2380B

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Haliclona sp. 15; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Porifera; class: Demospongiae; order: Haplosclerida; family: Chalinidae; genus: Haliclona; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu; minimumDepthInMeters: 30; maximumDepthInMeters: 62; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Toufiek Samaai; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Haliclona sp. indet. 16

C836BCBE-F61B-5280-8489-6E4263FF0A15

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Haliclona sp. 16; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Porifera; class: Demospongiae; order: Haplosclerida; family: Chalinidae; genus: Haliclona; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Huvadhu; minimumDepthInMeters: 61; maximumDepthInMeters: 62; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Toufiek Samaai; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Haliclona sp. indet. 17

1DF5BC67-4363-5467-BA62-CD447A8B4913

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Haliclona sp. 17; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Porifera; class: Demospongiae; order: Haplosclerida; family: Chalinidae; genus: Haliclona; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 10; maximumDepthInMeters: 60; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Toufiek Samaai; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Haliclona sp. indet. 18

90159F7F-ACBA-5F11-91BC-3AC2EA3BB10B

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Haliclona sp. 18; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Porifera; class: Demospongiae; order: Haplosclerida; family: Chalinidae; genus: Haliclona; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 10; maximumDepthInMeters: 55; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Toufiek Samaai; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Haliclona sp. indet. 19

C8D61441-7CF6-5DF3-AB46-EFDEC66B1D8F

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Haliclona sp. 19; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Porifera; class: Demospongiae; order: Haplosclerida; family: Chalinidae; genus: Haliclona; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’; minimumDepthInMeters: 115; maximumDepthInMeters: 124; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Toufiek Samaai; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Suberites sp. indet. 3

8DA2DAF5-0CA8-5BB5-AB71-B008CB24CA5D

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Suberites sp. 3; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Porifera; class: Demospongiae; order: Suberitida; family: Suberitidae; genus: Suberites; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Laamu, Huvadhu; minimumDepthInMeters: 10; maximumDepthInMeters: 62; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Toufiek Samaai; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Rhizaxinella ramulosa

(Ridley & Dendy, 1886)

AEE53D2B-5B89-54D2-B063-86E9850CF3C8

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Rhizaxinellaramulosa; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Porifera; class: Demospongiae; order: Suberitida; family: Suberitidae; genus: Rhizaxinella; scientificNameAuthorship: Ridley & Dendy, 1886; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 489; maximumDepthInMeters: 489; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Toufiek Samaai; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Description

Pedunculate sponges supported by a short stalk. Stalk is hard like bark. Surface hispid and undulating. One oscule present on the apex of peduncule. Approximately 6 cm tall. Colouration white to light yellow shades (Fig. 24).

Rhizaxinellaramulosa sp. inc.

Figure 24a.

Addu, 250 m, in situ photo of collected specimen MAL1_292;

Figure 24b.

Addu, 250 m, collected specimen MAL1_292.

Plakortis sp. indet. 3

D525F337-B245-56F7-A7FB-3DAE6AD6804F

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Plakortis sp. 3; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Porifera; class: Homoscleromorpha; order: Homosclerophorida; family: Plakinidae; genus: Plakortis; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 30; maximumDepthInMeters: 120; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Toufiek Samaai; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Iotrochota nigra

(Baer, 1906)

8461096F-5C82-5126-BA3D-DBAE248DA782

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Iotrochotanigra; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Porifera; class: Demospongiae-Heteroscleromorpha; order: Poecilosclerida; family: Iotrochotidae; genus: Iotrochota; scientificNameAuthorship: (Baer, 1906); Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 10; maximumDepthInMeters: 62; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Toufiek Samaai; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Description

Thickly-encrusting growth forms with numerous ostia evenly scattered over the sponge surface. Approximately 25 cm across. Colouration in dark grey and black tones (Fig. 26).

Iotrochotanigra

Figure 26a.

Addu, 30 m;

Figure 26b.

Vaavu, 60 m.

Clathria sp. indet. 1

5DAF54EE-311E-5F6B-A616-3662FE958A52

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Clathria sp. 1; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Porifera; class: Demospongiae-Heteroscleromorpha; order: Poecilosclerida; family: Microcionidae; genus: Clathria; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Laamu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 26; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Toufiek Samaai; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Stylissa carteri

(Dendy, 1889)

D2627EF3-12E7-5F40-85FC-5894A77BA136

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Stylissacarteri; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Porifera; class: Demospongiae-Heteroscleromorpha; order: Scopalinida; family: Scopalinidae; genus: Stylissa; scientificNameAuthorship: (Dendy, 1889); Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 30; maximumDepthInMeters: 62; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Toufiek Samaai; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Notes

Branching erect or thickly encrusting sponges. Branching sponges with irregular protrusions from the base. Surface conulose. Rugose and uneven surface. Approximately 21 cm in longest dimension. Colourations in tones of orange and brown (Fig. 28).

Stylissacarteri

Figure 28a.

Huvadhu, 30 m;

Figure 28b.

Huvadhu, 30 m;

Figure 28c.

Huvadhu, 60 m.

Stelletta sp. indet. 2

2D238AB3-0ABB-5CD0-80D1-CCC1EFD6645F

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Stelletta sp. 2; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Porifera; class: Demospongiae-Heteroscleromorpha; order: Tetractinellida; family: Ancorinidae; genus: Stelletta; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 10; maximumDepthInMeters: 10; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Toufiek Samaai; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Corallistes sp. indet. 2

0C80E71B-00E4-5B7B-B70D-08F511A6B939

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Corallistes sp. 2; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Porifera; class: Demospongiae-Heteroscleromorpha; order: Tetractinellida; family: Corallistidae; genus: Corallistes; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 52; maximumDepthInMeters: 491; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Toufiek Samaai; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Geodia sp. indet. 3

D140D00B-7E66-5E6A-8144-75ADF4F0DD52

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Geodia sp. 3; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Porifera; class: Demospongiae-Heteroscleromorpha; order: Tetractinellida; family: Geodiidae; genus: Geodia; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 57; maximumDepthInMeters: 124; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Toufiek Samaai; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Geodia sp. indet. 4

966A54B5-4A17-5481-836A-FEFBAD9382D5

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Geodia sp. 4; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Porifera; class: Demospongiae-Heteroscleromorpha; order: Tetractinellida; family: Geodiidae; genus: Geodia; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Vaavu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 59; maximumDepthInMeters: 119; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Toufiek Samaai; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Pachastrella sp. indet. 1

0D075270-DFF7-5624-BFD8-DC96BB1C786A

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Pachastrella sp. 1; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Porifera; class: Demospongiae-Heteroscleromorpha; order: Tetractinellida; family: Pachastrellidae; genus: Pachastrella; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 59; maximumDepthInMeters: 491; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Toufiek Samaai; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Demospongiae ord. indet. sp. 1

1502088E-1DD0-5744-984E-1053614E4513

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Demospongiae sp. 1; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Porifera; class: Demospongiae; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 30; maximumDepthInMeters: 62; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Toufiek Samaai; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Demospongiae ord. indet. sp. 2

96CD1425-7947-57C6-A386-7C905CA50B6D

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Demospongiae sp. 2; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Porifera; class: Demospongiae; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 2; maximumDepthInMeters: 490; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Toufiek Samaai; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Demospongiae ord. indet. sp. 3

496176E3-96DC-578B-A9CA-EA9D52030E94

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Demospongiae sp. 3; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Porifera; class: Demospongiae; scientificNameAuthorship: Sollas, 1885; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 2; maximumDepthInMeters: 120; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Toufiek Samaai; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Demospongiae ord. indet. sp. 4

1AE5BF90-B473-5BBE-97B4-F25EB88AF1C0

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Demospongiae sp. 4; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Porifera; class: Demospongiae; scientificNameAuthorship: Sollas, 1885; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 8; maximumDepthInMeters: 491; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Toufiek Samaai; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Demospongiae ord. indet. sp. 16

Sollas, 1885

0F39D357-5EE5-51B4-A1C4-0C83AE2123BE

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Demospongiae sp. 16; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Porifera; class: Demospongiae; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 57; maximumDepthInMeters: 124; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Toufiek Samaai; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Demospongiae ord. indet. sp. 17

BA37F13B-B97B-5CC2-9AE3-D20384C91BAB

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Demospongiae sp. 17; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Porifera; class: Demospongiae; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 59; maximumDepthInMeters: 60; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Toufiek Samaai; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Demospongiae ord. indet. sp. 18

20B94C29-539F-596B-A701-A1178C36CF7C

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Demospongiae sp. 18; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Porifera; class: Demospongiae; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Huvadhu; minimumDepthInMeters: 10; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Toufiek Samaai; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Demospongiae ord. indet. sp. 19

6F9A02EE-E57F-5FE8-AB26-2E470504186A

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Demospongiae sp. 19; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Porifera; class: Demospongiae; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Huvadhu; minimumDepthInMeters: 489; maximumDepthInMeters: 489; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Toufiek Samaai; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Hyalonema (Paradisconema) alcocki

Schulze, 1895

CEE25A94-6085-525A-BCF0-2475AD5E99B2

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Hyalonema (Paradisconema) alcocki; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Porifera; class: Hexactinellida; order: Amphidiscosida; family: Hyalonematidae; genus: Hyalonema; scientificNameAuthorship: Schulze, 1895; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Addu, Vaavu; minimumDepthInMeters: 248; maximumDepthInMeters: 497; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Toufiek Samaai; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Notes

Stalked with globular spherical-shaped sponges with varying length of stalk. Approximately 17 cm tall (Fig. 42).

Hyalonema (Paradisconema) alcocki

Figure 42a.

Vaavu, 490 m;

Figure 42b.

Vaavu, 490 m;

Figure 42c.

Huvadhu, 497 m, in situ photo of collected specimen MAL1_488;

Figure 42d.

Huvadhu, 497 m, collected specimen MAL1_488.

Semperella cucumis

Schulze, 1895

8B08C5E2-D8BE-5C8F-B36D-3B755BB59A20

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Semperellacucumis; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Porifera; class: Hexactinellida; order: Amphidiscosida; family: Pheronematidae; genus: Semperella; scientificNameAuthorship: Schulze, 1895; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Huvadhu; minimumDepthInMeters: 497; maximumDepthInMeters: 500; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Toufiek Samaai; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Notes

Elongated and columnar glass sponges with a short stalk and one central oscule at the tip. Approximately 17 cm tall. Collected specimen (Fig. 43).

Semperellacucumis

Figure 43a.

Huvadhu, 497 m, in situ photo of collected specimen MAL1_491;

Figure 43b.

Huvadhu, 497 m, collected specimen MAL1_491;

Figure 43c.

Huvadhu, 500 m, in situ photo of collected specimen MAL1_479;

Figure 43d.

Huvadhu, 500 m, collected specimen MAL1_479.

Farrea sp. indet. 1

2D1627B7-728B-50F3-BC51-0E471A23D467

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Farrea sp. 1; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Porifera; class: Hexactinellida; order: Sceptrulophora; family: Farreidae; genus: Farrea; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Vaavu; minimumDepthInMeters: 488; maximumDepthInMeters: 489; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Toufiek Samaai; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Farrea sp. indet. 2

CCCC4004-83A9-5EB9-92A5-B6806FA89507

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: occurrenceID: 941C7281-7FAE-5139-A7C7-24A0E3E5EC67; Taxon: scientificName: Farrea sp. 2; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Porifera; class: Hexactinellida; order: Sceptrulophora; family: Farreidae; genus: Farrea; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Laamu; minimumDepthInMeters: 490; maximumDepthInMeters: 491; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Toufiek Samaai; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Pleurochorium annandalei

(Kirkpatrick, 1908)

4E4F269C-AD14-50CA-B0F1-A329F4732661

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Pleurochoriumannandalei; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Porifera; class: Hexactinellida; order: Sceptrulophora; family: Euretidae; genus: Pleurochorium; scientificNameAuthorship: (Kirkpatrick, 1908); Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Huvadhu Fuvahmulah; minimumDepthInMeters: 489; maximumDepthInMeters: 489; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Toufiek Samaai; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Notes

Arborescent erect branching glass sponges with clear translucent-looking structure. Approximately 16 cm in the longest dimension. Collected specimen (Fig. 46).

Pleurochoriumannandalei

Figure 46a.

Fuvahmulah, 250 m;

Figure 46b.

Addu, 490 m.

Hexactinellida ord. indet. sp. 1

4CBE2D68-DB7F-57DD-AB91-3A5ECB0EE617

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Hexactinellida sp. 1; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Porifera; class: Hexactinellida; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu; minimumDepthInMeters: 488; maximumDepthInMeters: 489; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Toufiek Samaai; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Radianthus magnifica

(Quoy & Gaimard, 1833)

6BD04466-F151-5359-A0CF-83FA4590D840

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Radianthusmagnifica; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Actiniaria; family: Stichodactylidae; genus: Radianthus; scientificNameAuthorship: (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833); Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Addu, Fuvahmulah; minimumDepthInMeters: 10; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Notes

Oral disc covered in densely packed long tentacles with blunt or slightly swollen tips. Column exposed with a flared look and bright coloured often in pink and purple shades (Fig. 48).

Radianthusmagnifica

Figure 48a.

Fuvahmulah, 10-30 m;

Figure 48b.

Fuvahmulah, 10-30 m;

Figure 48c.

Addu, 30 m.

Heteractis aurora

(Quoy & Gaimard, 1833)

F2F5A6A3-6691-51E9-A882-F68271A31C5A

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Heteractisaurora; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Actiniaria; family: Heteractidae; genus: Heteractis; scientificNameAuthorship: (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833); Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu; minimumDepthInMeters: 30; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Notes

This genus contains many species with similar morphology. Characterised by an undulated wide oral disc with short marginal tentacles on the outer edge. Diameter of oral disc ~ 12 cm. Colouration highly variable in brown and beige shades (Fig. 49).

Heteractisaurora

Figure 49a.

Laamu, 30 m;

Figure 49b.

Huvadhu, 30 m;

Figure 49c.

Huvadhu, 10 m.

Stichodactyla mertensii

Brandt, 1835

1CC94A19-6B09-59D8-8DEF-1317519CDAC2

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Stichodactylamertensii; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Actiniaria; family: Stichodactylidae; genus: Stichodactyla; scientificNameAuthorship: Brandt, 1835; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Laamu; minimumDepthInMeters: 10; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Notes

Large anemone with densely packed short, finger-like or club-shaped tentacles. Slightly undulated ovular disc, growth sometimes following the profile of substratum and attached by adhesive verrucae. Average diameter of oral disc of measured individuals ~ 4 cm, although pcitured specimen was closer to 10 cm (Fig. 50).

Figure 50.

Stichodactylamertensii with host anemone fish Amphiprionclarkii, Laamu, 10 m.

Actiniaria fam. indet. sp. 2

7419CEC1-5A40-5A6F-9EA4-4B307B516732

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Actiniaria sp. 2; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Actiniaria; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 247; maximumDepthInMeters: 489; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Actiniaria fam. indet. sp. 4

7BF587B3-458D-50FC-8A15-A647F5318A57

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Actiniaria sp. 4; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Actiniaria; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 247; maximumDepthInMeters: 489; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Actiniaria fam. indet. sp. 5

1DEE2A57-780E-53CE-A172-98EC557A1AE8

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Actiniaria sp. 5; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Actiniaria; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 490; maximumDepthInMeters: 490; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Actiniaria fam. indet. sp. 6

95CFD28E-7063-5E73-988D-EA1443F61C08

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Actiniaria sp. 6; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Actiniaria; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 248; maximumDepthInMeters: 490; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Actiniaria fam. indet. sp. 7

7FC75BE2-F2EE-53B8-8EDB-8B8728794735

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Actiniaria sp. 7; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Actiniaria; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 489; maximumDepthInMeters: 491; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Actiniaria fam. indet. sp. 8

D01EFAED-2F20-55D7-9152-9F87273F4F62

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Actiniaria sp. 8; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Actiniaria; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Laamu; minimumDepthInMeters: 250; maximumDepthInMeters: 489; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Acropora sp. indet. 1

62EC6D5F-A114-5BDD-BC31-3B777F769EE2

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Acropora sp. 1; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Acroporidae; genus: Acropora; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu; minimumDepthInMeters: 10; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Acropora sp. indet. 2

88FB9D43-C496-5831-AA2D-ACF689B0C589

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Acropora sp. 2; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Acroporidae; genus: Acropora; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 2; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Acropora sp. indet. 3

08C0CA01-E694-5E7B-9BF4-20E4F2B41053

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Acropora sp. 3; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Acroporidae; genus: Acropora; scientificNameAuthorship: Oken, 1815; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 2; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Acropora sp. indet. 4

42858ABB-167D-5325-B994-9FA1D979AFB5

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Acropora sp. 4; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Acroporidae; genus: Acropora; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 2; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Acropora sp. indet. 5

81E1BB31-FFE7-5732-AB6A-F38938131CF4

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Acropora sp. 5; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Acroporidae; genus: Acropora; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Laamu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 10; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Acropora sp. indet. 6

68206582-41BA-5B4A-9F06-52A481A8A2F4

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Acropora sp. 6; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Acroporidae; genus: Acropora; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Laamu; minimumDepthInMeters: 10; maximumDepthInMeters: 10; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Acropora sp. indet. 7

6653225C-B1F0-5D26-B683-92555A9E8844

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Acropora sp. 7; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Acroporidae; genus: Acropora; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 2; maximumDepthInMeters: 10; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Astreopora sp. indet.

9EC91037-0C38-59FC-BBF2-228638DE97D8

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Astreopora sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Acroporidae; genus: Astreopora; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 2; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Montipora sp. indet. 1

3C63F3B7-9626-586C-82B8-30E443104D49

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Montipora sp. 1; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Acroporidae; genus: Montipora; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 2; maximumDepthInMeters: 61; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Montipora sp. indet. 2

09D05BC9-C20C-5238-AA1F-D9F0FE52B0C5

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Montipora sp. 2; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Acroporidae; genus: Montipora; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu, Fuvahmulah; minimumDepthInMeters: 2; maximumDepthInMeters: 61; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Gardineroseris planulata

(Dana, 1846)

34AC6BFD-0415-5B21-906A-4999DF231FD9

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Gardineroserisplanulata; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Agariciidae; genus: Gardineroseris; scientificNameAuthorship: (Dana, 1846); Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu; minimumDepthInMeters: 10; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Notes

Rounded colonies that are massive or sub-massive. Corallites lie in deep depressions with sharp-edged walls that give the colony a scalloped, honey-comb appearance. Deeper depressions of the corallites and lack of paliform lobes make it distinctive from Coelastrea. Colony size ~ 19 cm in the longest dimension. Colours range from yellowish to shades of light and dark brown. Officially, only this species of Gardineroseris has been officially recorded in Maldivian waters (Fig. 67).

Figure 67.

Gardineroserisplanulata, Laamu, 10 m.

Leptoseris sp. indet.

2A189BEA-0AE7-5154-9627-62A87EA0FFB8

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Leptoseris sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Agariciidae; genus: Leptoseris; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 10; maximumDepthInMeters: 61; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Pavona varians

(Verrill, 1864)

8A950D5B-6172-5901-8425-A991A856E1D7

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Pavonavarians; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Agariciidae; genus: Pavona; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 10; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Pavona sp. indet. 2

23698241-FF78-5805-806D-4608DB0F46D3

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Pavona sp. 2; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Agariciidae; genus: Pavona; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 2; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Dendrophyllia sp. indet.

39955BB5-E1B8-5A06-9AC1-BC73CF0B504E

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Dendrophyllia sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Dendrophylliidae; genus: Dendrophyllia; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Laamu, Addu, Fuvahmulah; minimumDepthInMeters: 249; maximumDepthInMeters: 490; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Tubastraea sp. indet.

21F8DDA9-6C0A-59A0-9265-02A50C9CB5D5

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: occurrenceID: B; Taxon: scientificName: Tubastraea sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Dendrophylliidae; genus: Tubastraea; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Huvadhu; minimumDepthInMeters: 10; maximumDepthInMeters: 62; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Turbinaria sp. indet.

479D5BF7-31E4-544F-A4A7-297DCAD5FE09

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Turbinaria sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Dendrophylliidae; genus: Turbinaria; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Vaavu, Huvadhu; minimumDepthInMeters: 10; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Duncanopsammia peltata

(Esper, 1790)

3D78D9AE-AA48-53F4-9902-49E0949D223E

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Duncanopsammiapeltata; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Dendrophylliidae; genus: Duncanopsammia; scientificNameAuthorship: (Esper, 1790); Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Huvadhu; minimumDepthInMeters: 30; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Notes

Large immersed corallites often forming plates. Previously under coral genera Turbinaria. Only one species is recorded under this genera from Maldives (Fig. 74).

Figure 74.

Duncanopsammiapeltata, Huvadhu, 30 m.

Balanophyllia sp. indet.

135DE6F2-177E-5910-B446-735317D6BCDF

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Balanophyllia sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Dendrophylliidae; genus: Balanophyllia; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Huvadhu; minimumDepthInMeters: TBD; maximumDepthInMeters: TBD; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Diploastrea heliopora

Matthai, 1914

E0CAC469-DC10-52EF-980C-E1431E4179F9

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: occurrenceID: 0B4AA070-88E8-58B6-BBCF-EC9C1E66B304; Taxon: scientificName: Diploastreaheliopora; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa; order: Scleractinia; family: Diploastraeidae; genus: Diploastrea; scientificNameAuthorship: Matthai, 1914; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Laamu, Huvadhu, Vaavu, North Male’; minimumDepthInMeters: 2; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Galaxea sp. indet.

7E74EAF6-BBB7-568C-A413-376AB2980778

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Galaxea sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Euphyllidae; genus: Galaxea; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Huvadhu; minimumDepthInMeters: 2; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Dipsastraea sp. indet.

3FA44724-2C74-5B79-A875-33FB7B00246D

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Dipsastraea sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Faviidae; genus: Dipsastraea; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu, Fuvahmulah; minimumDepthInMeters: 2; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Heliofungia actiniformis

(Quoy & Gaimard, 1833)

8A42B620-E06A-5296-808A-9955BD978E61

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: occurrenceID: E5D74ABD-DDE5-598F-A0B6-28C02670828A; Taxon: scientificName: Heliofungiaactiniformis; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Fungiidae; genus: Heliofungia; scientificNameAuthorship: (Quoy & Gaimard, 1833); Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Laamu; minimumDepthInMeters: 30; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Notes

Solitary, free living corals. Juvenile colonies may remain attached to the substrate. Septa are granulate and continue to the underside of the corallum as fine ridges known as costae. Polyp is thick and fleshy and has a single mouth surrounded by thick tentacles with knobs on the end. Colony size ~ 15 cm in the longest dimension. Resembles a large anemone as it extends its tentacles during the daytime. Officially, only one species of Heliofungia has been recorded in Maldivian waters (Fig. 79).

Figure 79.

Heliofungiaactiniformis, Laamu, 30 m.

Fungiidae gen. indet. sp. 1

6B5432CB-FF4F-536B-9894-0C564F553AF6

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Fungiidae sp. 1; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Fungiidae; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 2; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Herpolitha sp. indet.

3EA032F0-2854-5F61-A9E0-7BD6C64C55C0

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Herpolitha sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Fungiidae; genus: Herpolitha; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Vaavu, Laamu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 8; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Halomitra sp. indet.

E7B20F54-F3EC-5D84-966C-8ED957752B65

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Halomitra sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Fungiidae; genus: Halomitra; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 10; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Lithophyllon undulatum

Rehberg, 1892

1AE0CEEB-8BF2-5FC6-ADAD-DA4730EA9A97

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Lithophyllonundulatum; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Fungiidae; genus: Lithophyllon; scientificNameAuthorship: Rehberg, 1892; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Vaavu; minimumDepthInMeters: 65; maximumDepthInMeters: 65; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Notes

Encrusting colonies which form a flat lamina with lobed margins. Size ~ 10 cm in the longest dimension. Brownish-red in colour with protruding septo-costae (Fig. 83).

Lithophyllonundulatum sp. inc.

Figure 83a.

Vaavu, 65 m, in situ photo of MAL1_638;

Figure 83b.

Vaavu, 65 m, collected specimen MAL1_638.

Pachyseris rugosa

(Lamarck, 1801)

A75FE459-1ED3-5551-9977-7C998276F9E3

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Pachyserisrugosa; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Incerta saedis; genus: Pachyseris; scientificNameAuthorship: (Lamarck, 1801); Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu; minimumDepthInMeters: 8; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Notes

Colonies encrusting, with surface covered in a series of concentric ridges that are either parallel to colony margins or contorted. Colony size ~ 14 cm in the longest dimension (Fig. 84).

Pachyserisrugosa

Figure 84a.

Vaavu, 10 m;

Figure 84b.

Vaavu, 10 m.

Pachyseris speciosa

(Dana, 1846)

79755B3D-EBB9-54F9-8C8E-281C380CD89F

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: occurrenceID: 3E30EDD5-32FA-55B9-8449-638953ADC254; Taxon: scientificName: Pachyserisspeciosa; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Incerta saedis; genus: Pachyseris; scientificNameAuthorship: (Dana, 1846); Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 8; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Notes

Colony laminar and unifacial. Surface shows a more ridged appearance with corallite in between ridges. Colony size ~ 25 cm in the longest dimension. Darker brown with paler margins (Fig. 85).

Pachyserisspeciosa

Figure 85a.

Laamu, 30 m;

Figure 85b.

Vaavu, 30 m.

Physogyra lichtensteini

(Milne Edwards & Haime, 1851)

A6E4EFDB-4C88-587E-B6A2-B3E168F46945

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Physogyralichtensteini; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Incerta saedis; genus: Physogyra; scientificNameAuthorship: (Milne Edwards & Haime, 1851); Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 10; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Notes

Colonies are massive or thickly encrusting. Colony surface is entirely covered in bubble-like, teardrop-shaped vesicles giving a fuzzy appearance. Vesicles paler white than the rest of the colony. When vesicles are constricted, shared walls of corallites that form valleys can be observed. Colony size ~ 20 cm in the longest dimension (Fig. 86).

Physogyralichtensteini

Figure 86a.

Addu, 30 m;

Figure 86b.

Addu, 10 m.

Plerogyra sinuosa

(Dana, 1846)

14E3F3D1-2D53-5D71-889C-855A60FF133D

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Plerogyrasinuosa; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Incerta saedis; genus: Plerogyra; scientificNameAuthorship: (Dana, 1846); Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 26; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Notes

Colonies are flabello-meandroid with valleys thinly connected by a light blistery coenosteum. Has a bubbly appearance. Colony size ~ 17 cm in the longest dimension. Cream to bluish-grey in colour (Fig. 87).

Figure 87.

Plerogyrasinuosa, Addu, 30 m.

Plesiastrea versipora

(Lamarck, 1816)

76A95638-1D90-5677-ABE4-200E163708F1

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Plesiastreaversipora; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Incerta saedis; genus: Plesiastrea; scientificNameAuthorship: (Lamarck, 1816); Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu; minimumDepthInMeters: 10; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Notes

Massive encrusting colonies. Multiple colour variants mostly beige to brown-greens. Paliform lobes form a neat circle around small columellae. Colony size ~ 11 cm in the longest dimension. Only this species of Plesiastrea has been officially recorded in Maldivian waters (Fig. 88).

Plesiastreaversipora

Figure 88a.

Huvadhu, 30 m;

Figure 88b.

Huvadhu, 30 m.

Echinophyllia sp. indet.

D837850B-36E3-5519-83E6-BF535A326998

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Echinophyllia sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Lobophyllidae; genus: Echinophyllia; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 10; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Lobophyllia sp. indet.

2462399E-897E-5AA0-BA11-464CE94EF1C7

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Lobophyllia sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Lobophyllidae; genus: Lobophyllia; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 2; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Oxypora crassispinosa

Nemenzo, 1979

A14376B7-23D3-5D86-8617-C2E36A3765A5

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Oxyporacrassispinosa; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Lobophyllidae; genus: Oxypora; scientificNameAuthorship: Nemenzo, 1979; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Vaavu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 26; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Notes

Laminar colonies, forming thin plates, sometimes forming tiers. Colony size ~ 32 cm in the longest dimension. With thin-walled, meandering valleys, some branch towards the centre. Colour from light brown to grey or green (Fig. 91).

Oxyporacrassispinosa

Figure 91a.

Vaavu, 30 m;

Figure 91b.

Addu, 30 m.

Coelastrea sp. indet.

4F8E294E-CAEE-5A27-8DF3-0AE09492A2C6

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Coelastrea sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Merulinidae; genus: Coelastrea; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Huvadhu, Addu, Fuvahmulah; minimumDepthInMeters: 2; maximumDepthInMeters: 10; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Echinopora sp. indet.

DAEBBE4C-1E59-5C54-9377-89F8C6F1DCFC

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Echinopora sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Merulinidae; genus: Echinopora; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 10; maximumDepthInMeters: 62; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Favites sp. indet.

8D8D9DCF-07C6-516F-99E5-70428F8D5566

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Favites sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Merulinidae; genus: Favites; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 2; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Goniastrea sp. indet.

842DA3BE-8D88-5F1E-B86C-ED0D707B070E

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Goniastrea sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Merulinidae; genus: Goniastrea; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 2; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Hydnophora sp. indet.

33562320-59C5-5C20-AFF8-C64FA4088AE8

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Hydnophora sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Merulinidae; genus: Hydnophora; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu; minimumDepthInMeters: 10; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Leptoria sp. indet.

DD69F112-7710-59D0-AE27-5F2703770E23

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Leptoria sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Merulinidae; genus: Leptoria; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Laamu; minimumDepthInMeters: 2; maximumDepthInMeters: 10; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Merulina sp. indet.

06F6FFC2-5DD6-5ACE-8C04-9FC9C65A88BA

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Merulina sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Merulinidae; genus: Merulina; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Vaavu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 10; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Mycedium sp. indet.

D3DDC9B6-6E8F-5999-851B-14AA00469B1D

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Mycedium sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Merulinidae; genus: Mycedium; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 10; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Oulophyllia sp. indet.

DFC27D63-AAD2-53B6-94CF-8DA8E3F154E4

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Oulophyllia sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Merulinidae; genus: Oulophyllia; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Laamu; minimumDepthInMeters: 8; maximumDepthInMeters: 10; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Paragoniastrea russelli

(Wells, 1954)

F0F44443-C7FB-5B5B-B32F-B1BA7C2372F6

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Paragoniastrearusselli; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Merulinidae; genus: Paragoniastrea; scientificNameAuthorship: (Wells, 1954); Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Laamu; minimumDepthInMeters: 30; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Notes

Thick crusting massive colonies with deep meandering valleys. Previously grouped with Goniastrea and exhibits long valleys that appear with more regularly-shaped septa than Platygyra (Fig. 101).

Paragoniastrearusselli sp. inc.

Figure 101a.

Laamu, 30 m;

Figure 101b.

Huvadhu, 3 m.

Platygyra sp. indet.

54B03EE3-0ECD-5276-81B1-F62958509D86

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Platygyra sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Merulinidae; genus: Platygyra; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 2; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Madracis sp. indet.

7B97C920-048A-5F1E-B0F0-D51FA581AF8B

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Madracis sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Pocilloporidae; genus: Madracis; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu, Fuvahmulah; minimumDepthInMeters: 57; maximumDepthInMeters: 120; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Pocillopora sp. indet. 1

11C2F5B5-2119-5D58-B7A6-1D0A277443A1

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Pocillopora sp. 1; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Pocilloporidae; genus: Pocillopora; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 2.5; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Pocillopora sp. indet. 2

BD7CB66C-18A9-5B88-90B2-2C933D381EA7

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Pocillopora sp. 2; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Pocilloporidae; genus: Pocillopora; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Vaavu, Laamu; minimumDepthInMeters: 10; maximumDepthInMeters: 10; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Pocillopora sp. indet. 3

98B62F91-F736-5465-8C0F-7268EADA639A

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Pocillopora sp. 3; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Pocilloporidae; genus: Pocillopora; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu; minimumDepthInMeters: 8; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Pocillopora sp. indet. 4

0ACB871D-99E7-5D12-B718-6CF17C8276BE

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Pocillopora sp. 4; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Pocilloporidae; genus: Pocillopora; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Laamu, Huvadhu; minimumDepthInMeters: 2; maximumDepthInMeters: 10; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Goniopora sp. indet.

7FDD918A-178A-56B3-A491-36F41E37FFA6

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Goniopora sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Poritidae; genus: Goniopora; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu, Fuvahmulah; minimumDepthInMeters: 10; maximumDepthInMeters: 60; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Porites rus

117CAB09-13F8-5557-98EF-4A47655860FE

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Poritesrus; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Poritidae; genus: Porites; scientificNameAuthorship: (Forskål, 1775); Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu, Fuvahmulah; minimumDepthInMeters: 2; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Notes

Individual colonies can take on multiple morphologies shifting from encrusting, plating to branching. Branching portions of the colonies form short, stubby, contorted branches. Corallites are small and frequently hidden within the structure of the colony. Colony size ~ 29 cm in the longest dimension. Pale cream and yellowish-brown with tips of branches appearing more white (Fig. 109).

Poritesrus

Figure 109a.

Fuvahmulah, 10-30 m;

Figure 109b.

Fuvahmulah, 10-30 m;

Figure 109c.

Vaavu, 2 m;

Figure 109d.

Vaavu, 10 m.

Porites sp. indet. 1

CC2772F7-2441-51A3-B5D5-C49F0C40E3F8

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Porites sp. 1; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Poritidae; genus: Porites; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu, Fuvahmulah; minimumDepthInMeters: 2; maximumDepthInMeters: 55; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Porites sp. indet. 2

48CB3166-364D-5C9F-BBB8-45632E9E0477

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Porites sp. 2; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Poritidae; genus: Porites; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 2; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Porites sp. indet. 3

7E2DD6A0-F478-5C8F-821D-9FD9B0BCC386

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Porites sp. 3; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Poritidae; genus: Porites; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Vaavu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 26; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Psammocora sp. indet.

201F3DAC-1692-5C35-ACC6-22694B594F60

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Psammocora sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Scleractinia; family: Psammocoridae; genus: Psammocora; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Huvadhu; minimumDepthInMeters: 10; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Mariyam Shidha Afzal, Hana Amir; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Palythoa tuberculosa

(Esper, 1805)

139D1B79-7910-51FF-A41E-BE5FA80F94BA

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: occurrenceID: 6F19890C-8840-5778-982A-3043C90B5A17; Taxon: scientificName: Palythoatuberculosa; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Zoantharia; family: Sphenopidae; genus: Palythoa; scientificNameAuthorship: (Esper, 1805); Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 2; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Palythoa sp. indet. 2

E79C6EE8-836F-5BD5-A3CB-927412895110

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Palythoa sp. 2; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa; order: Zoantharia; family: Sphenopidae; genus: Palythoa; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Vaavu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 10; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Arachnopathes sp. indet.

ED5F13E8-B5D0-5F99-A11D-5538153A83C9

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Arachnopathes sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Antipatharia; family: Antipathidae; genus: Arachnopathes; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Vaavu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 30; maximumDepthInMeters: 60; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Erika Gress; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Antipathes nilanduensis

Cooper, 1903

85C75771-2AD1-5E18-B2BB-93013097C963

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Antipathesnilanduensis; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Antipatharia; family: Antipathidae; genus: Antipathes; scientificNameAuthorship: Cooper, 1903; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’; minimumDepthInMeters: 60; maximumDepthInMeters: 60; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Erika Gress; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Notes

Colonies are branching and mostly grow in a single pane with densely packed, fine branches. Colony height ~ 13 cm (Fig. 117).

Antipathesnilanduensis sp. inc.

Figure 117a.

North Male’, 60 m, in-situ photo of collected specimen MAL1_747;

Figure 117b.

North Male’, 60 m, collected specimen MAL1_747.

Antipathes sp. indet. 2

4F8FAF05-F055-5CC6-9EFA-40016CD41B32

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Antipathes sp. 2; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Antipatharia; family: Antipathidae; genus: Antipathes; scientificNameAuthorship: Pallas, 1766; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 30; maximumDepthInMeters: 121; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Erika Gress; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Antipathes sp. indet. 3

9401DC7C-283F-5087-A724-637B786ECCFD

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Antipathes sp. 3; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Antipatharia; family: Antipathidae; genus: Antipathes; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 59; maximumDepthInMeters: 120; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Erika Gress; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Antipathes sp. indet. 4

FED56C07-5F19-5595-9400-6B265FEF5FCB

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Antipathes sp. 4; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Antipatharia; family: Antipathidae; genus: Antipathes; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Vaavu, Huvadhu; minimumDepthInMeters: 63; maximumDepthInMeters: 121; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Erika Gress; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Asteriopathes sp. indet.

84AB19D0-C877-5A6F-9189-567AA4BF8928

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Asteriopathes sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Antipatharia; family: Aphanipathidae; genus: Asteriopathes; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 116; maximumDepthInMeters: 121; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Erika Gress; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Tetrapathes sp. indet.

727AD32A-1B41-596C-8281-C90F81F91CEC

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Tetrapathes sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa; order: Antipatharia; family: Aphanipathidae; genus: Tetrapathes; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Laamu, Huvadhu, Fuvahmulah, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 57; maximumDepthInMeters: 489; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Erika Gress; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Bathypathes sp. indet.

D96E961D-2889-54C4-B266-8FBD8FF01343

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Bathypathes sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Antipatharia; family: Schizopathidae; genus: Bathypathes; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Huvadhu, Fuvahmulah; minimumDepthInMeters: 249; maximumDepthInMeters: 253; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Erika Gress; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Cupressopathes sp. indet.

8AB9A81D-7304-51DF-8C03-6ADC4165C9C6

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Cupressopathes sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Antipatharia; family: Myriopathidae; genus: Cupressopathes; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 53; maximumDepthInMeters: 121; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Erika Gress; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Myriopathes sp. indet. 1

B68C2375-3290-5345-A873-A270518B8E94

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Myriopathes sp. 1; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Antipatharia; family: Myriopathidae; genus: Myriopathes; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Laamu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 60; maximumDepthInMeters: 250; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Erika Gress; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Pteridopathes sp. indet.

5315B455-3C91-59D0-8F51-626F69C1F5DC

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Pteridopathes sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Antipatharia; family: Aphanipathidae; genus: Pteridopathes; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Laamu, Huvadhu; minimumDepthInMeters: 120; maximumDepthInMeters: 120; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Erika Gress; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Stylopathes sp. indet.

47846B1A-11D9-5025-BB6D-53D5F83C434B

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Stylopathes sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Antipatharia; family: Stylopathidae; genus: Stylopathes; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 115; maximumDepthInMeters: 253; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Erika Gress; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Parantipathes sp. indet.

3439D426-3A82-5836-B8F5-5C6E7DB19CEB

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Parantipathes sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Antipatharia; family: Schizopathidae; genus: Parantipathes; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Vaavu; minimumDepthInMeters: 121; maximumDepthInMeters: 489; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Erika Gress; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Umbellapathes sp. indet.

19359EC2-9E4B-5956-A3D1-7480F5384FA9

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Umbellapathes sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Antipatharia; family: Schizopathidae; genus: Umbellapathes; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Fuvahmulah; minimumDepthInMeters: 488; maximumDepthInMeters: 495; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Erika Gress; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Antipatharia fam. indet. sp. 7

44198877-D447-587C-B2E9-4625D8336AD5

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: occurrenceID: BB0ED6B0-0B6D-57D5-A724-76DC628F6A2E; Taxon: scientificName: Antipatharia sp. 7; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Antipatharia; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 30; maximumDepthInMeters: 119; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Erika Gress; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Rhodactis sp. indet.

26D0799C-64B9-597B-AF7B-014728F80F6F

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Rhodactis sp. indet.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Hexacorallia; order: Corallimorpharia; family: Discosomidae; genus: Rhodactis; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Huvadhu; minimumDepthInMeters: 10; maximumDepthInMeters: 10; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Erika Gress; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Astrogorgia sp. indet.

662E566C-DD11-5B50-AD7F-ED6319594C34

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: occurrenceID: F79BE385-60DD-57CF-8E64-2A1B735DBBF0; Taxon: scientificName: Astrogorgia sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; order: Malacalcyonacea; family: Astrogorgiidae; genus: Astrogorgia; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 30; maximumDepthInMeters: 60; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Melithaea sp. indet. 1

171FE032-9A86-5083-BA90-0747CF377C34

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: occurrenceID: 060F5248-564A-55CD-B34E-568391657C50; Taxon: scientificName: Melithaea sp. 1; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; order: Malacalcyonacea; family: Melithaeidae; genus: Melithaea; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Laamu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 30; maximumDepthInMeters: 61; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Melithaea sp. indet. 2

E44DD05A-360B-57F3-997E-774545CB3D04

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: occurrenceID: 9A0BD323-7824-53BB-BDAB-0D81AEDD908D; Taxon: scientificName: Melithaea sp. 2; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; order: Malacalcyonacea; family: Melithaeidae; genus: Melithaea; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu; minimumDepthInMeters: 8; maximumDepthInMeters: 61; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Dendronephthya sp. indet. 1

D239BFDB-CBF6-5559-94D2-57D837972C4D

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: occurrenceID: D99A7691-6267-57AA-958E-AD984999210C; Taxon: scientificName: Dendronephthya sp. 1; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; order: Malacalcyonacea; family: Nephtheidae; genus: Dendronephthya; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Huvadhu; minimumDepthInMeters: 30; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Dendronephthya sp. indet. 4

77FF116D-FA6A-592B-86EF-7EF64EB8F86A

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: occurrenceID: 6294C380-6FC3-5593-9618-006D404A329C; Taxon: scientificName: Dendronephthya sp. 4; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; order: Malacalcyonacea; family: Nephtheidae; genus: Dendronephthya; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 60; maximumDepthInMeters: 60; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Nephtheidae gen. indet. sp. 5

EDFC3453-4C23-5771-A834-66A9501BD74E

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: occurrenceID: 0A87234F-AE8F-538A-84A0-1C0A628BC6CE; Taxon: scientificName: Nephtheidae sp. 5; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; order: Malacalcyonacea; family: Nephtheidae; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 30; maximumDepthInMeters: 121; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Scleronephthya sp. indet. 2

0D8C5958-37E9-5254-9806-DAFB95D8F187

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: occurrenceID: 4A721492-64E6-5FB8-9487-C70851B1CF4B; Taxon: scientificName: Scleronephthya sp. 2; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Octocorallia; order: Malacalcyonacea; family: Nephtheidae; genus: Scleronephthya; scientificNameAuthorship: Studer, 1887; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Huvadhu; minimumDepthInMeters: 60; maximumDepthInMeters: 60; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Umbellulifera sp. indet.

6B8A1EDF-3DA3-5CD5-AB6D-D73EFCF66CB3

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: occurrenceID: 26BB05B8-5C69-5EAB-9A5E-5EEABAC65B1E; Taxon: scientificName: Umbellulifera sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; order: Malacalcyonacea; family: Nephtheidae; genus: Umbellulifera; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male'; minimumDepthInMeters: 53; maximumDepthInMeters: 124; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Paramuriceidae gen. indet. sp. 1

A9BAAC0B-85CC-5DDD-B1BB-99C5E5414803

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: occurrenceID: D82C4A71-A840-5137-9266-1247EDAE06B6; Taxon: scientificName: Paramuriceidae sp. 1; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; order: Malacalcyonacea; family: Paramuriceidae; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Vaavu, Fuvahmulah; minimumDepthInMeters: 118; maximumDepthInMeters: 120; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Acanthogorgia sp. indet.

1EA13EB4-2B7A-5B1B-B26B-092639DF26EB

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: occurrenceID: 1DFDEFBB-A449-55D3-9AB8-0861F7931F97; Taxon: scientificName: Acanthogorgia sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; order: Malacalcyonacea; family: Paramuriceidae; genus: Acanthogorgia; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Fuvahmulah; minimumDepthInMeters: 250; maximumDepthInMeters: 250; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Plexauridae gen. indet. sp. 2

9A4D0018-6DB0-5EB1-99AE-0806BE1021D2

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: occurrenceID: B8F8B8C2-29F7-5A33-B33E-C91A3905E42A; Taxon: scientificName: Plexauridae sp. 2; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; order: Malacalcyonacea; family: Plexauridae; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu, Fuvahmulah; minimumDepthInMeters: 10; maximumDepthInMeters: 121; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Plexauridae gen. indet. sp. 9

86CC2A03-9D4E-5532-B794-E3BCA4660512

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: occurrenceID: 25F2F451-1578-5786-8F3F-BA79DAD3EA08; Taxon: scientificName: Plexauridae sp. 9; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; order: Malacalcyonacea; family: Plexauridae; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 60; maximumDepthInMeters: 60; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Lobophytum sp. indet.

19AFDC12-AD97-561A-8663-56E54BF6BF91

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: occurrenceID: B5340C84-399C-51F8-A409-997D89A10DC3; Taxon: scientificName: Lobophytum sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; order: Malacalcyonacea; family: Sarcophytidae; genus: Lobophytum; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu, Fuvahmulah; minimumDepthInMeters: 2; maximumDepthInMeters: 60; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Sarcophyton sp. indet.

261F4EF1-04E0-5A13-B9B7-C4D43C4B4C91

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: occurrenceID: 89789312-D42C-5BF3-88B8-AF7B3D1E1BBA; Taxon: scientificName: Sarcophyton sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; order: Malacalcyonacea; family: Sarcophytidae; genus: Sarcophyton; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 2; maximumDepthInMeters: 60; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Sinulariidae gen. indet. sp. 1

DB8E7C47-DFA7-5878-8733-A7FA95CBFB4F

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: occurrenceID: E294CBE2-CCA3-503D-859B-9B45122C2D2F; Taxon: scientificName: Sinulariidae sp. 1; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; order: Malacalcyonacea; family: Sinulariidae; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu; minimumDepthInMeters: 2; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Sinulariidae gen. indet. sp. 2

254EFC2E-6174-5C79-BD30-B822962CE0B4

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: occurrenceID: 7D93116C-3280-599C-B73F-BFCA6EF0C558; Taxon: scientificName: Sinulariidae sp. 2; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; order: Malacalcyonacea; family: Sinulariidae; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 2; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Sinulariidae gen. indet. sp. 3

DED9482E-8ADA-5F92-A6B7-A63DEE6E769D

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: occurrenceID: BF5094EB-22B6-5B35-89BA-757FCCD23501; Taxon: scientificName: Sinulariidae sp. 3; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; order: Malacalcyonacea; family: Sinulariidae; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 30; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Sinulariidae gen. indet. sp. 4

017CD7AE-5588-5D0A-A3BE-9658DF152884

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: occurrenceID: 6C3F16EC-D175-5744-A3BA-5BFD50C627FA; Taxon: scientificName: Sinulariidae sp. 4; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; order: Malacalcyonacea; family: Sinulariidae; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 10; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Chironephthya sp. indet. 2

2BB26600-5537-58DE-A5DB-9C8922EB5623

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: occurrenceID: E8B2CD37-3FEA-5722-81E8-F67CC9E48D48; Taxon: scientificName: Chironephthya sp. 2; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; order: Malacalcyonacea; family: Siphonogorgiidae; genus: Chironephthya; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Laamu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 57; maximumDepthInMeters: 61; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Subergorgiidae gen. indet. sp. 1

A1382335-8B9A-5521-B6A6-70A0676FD16C

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: occurrenceID: 4BC3D7CE-849E-5D5C-9586-58FA4A4526F7; Taxon: scientificName: Subergorgiidae sp. 1; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; order: Malacalcyonacea; family: Subergorgiidae; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 26; maximumDepthInMeters: 62; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Annella sp. indet.

2485E33A-55F4-5A78-A272-D03E35F51406

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: occurrenceID: A251E1E2-CE17-5021-9E5F-421CF6E95EB6; Taxon: scientificName: Annella sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; order: Malacalcyonacea; family: Subergorgiidae; genus: Annella; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu, Fuvahmulah; minimumDepthInMeters: 53; maximumDepthInMeters: 121; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Subergorgia sp. indet. 2

904AE9F1-4440-5A57-BF6B-203E4F6E9764

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: occurrenceID: A84DAD3B-C65F-53FA-806E-4C7AD5203852; Taxon: scientificName: Subergorgia sp. 2; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; order: Malacalcyonacea; family: Subergorgiidae; genus: Subergorgia; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Vaavu; minimumDepthInMeters: 118; maximumDepthInMeters: 120; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Malacalcyonacea fam. indet. sp.

EEE2ED3D-019B-53EF-8066-064A42AA4CFF

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: occurrenceID: 2582E107-2A4A-5BF9-B495-2EBC4C5DC46D; Taxon: scientificName: Malacalcyonacea sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; order: Malacalcyonacea; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 30; maximumDepthInMeters: 62; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Ellisella sp. indet.

BBE68BDC-20CF-5ADC-800A-9DFE81CE5F5D

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: occurrenceID: FE179DBC-7177-569F-9589-060816A41A01; Taxon: scientificName: Ellisella sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; order: Scleralcyonacea; family: Ellisellidae; genus: Ellisella; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 30; maximumDepthInMeters: 124; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Nicella sp. indet.

CD22D1CF-C994-5570-842A-D6A7530FC57E

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: occurrenceID: 803536AC-D39A-5F66-89DC-8CD59B64BBAA; Taxon: scientificName: Nicella sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; order: Scleralcyonacea; family: Ellisellidae; genus: Nicella; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 57; maximumDepthInMeters: 124; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Ellisellidae gen. indet. sp. 2

0C69E607-B96A-5EC8-85CB-C08A6EAD8D45

• Ellisellidae gen. indet. sp. 2

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: occurrenceID: 46508A3B-6A5E-5F14-A654-4230F3F6E66F; Taxon: scientificName: Ellisellidae sp. 2; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; order: Scleralcyonacea; family: Ellisellidae; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 10; maximumDepthInMeters: 124; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Ellisellidae gen. indet. sp. 4

AB5E4909-6398-50A5-A60B-7C06664A18B1

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: occurrenceID: C2A1407A-86D9-5581-8624-2255E17A2031; Taxon: scientificName: Ellisellidae sp. 4; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; order: Scleralcyonacea; family: Ellisellidae; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Huvadhu, Addu, Laamu; minimumDepthInMeters: 30; maximumDepthInMeters: 124; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Ellisellidae gen. indet. sp. 5

00E47021-4006-58B4-A201-CB729655883E

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: occurrenceID: E8B070B9-0AC2-58E2-B29E-8E0DE0E3ED3B; Taxon: scientificName: Ellisellidae sp. 5; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; order: Scleralcyonacea; family: Ellisellidae; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Huvadhu, Addu, Fuvahmulah; minimumDepthInMeters: 116; maximumDepthInMeters: 490; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Ellisellidae gen. indet. sp. 6

15B9B333-3CD8-55CB-8C1D-32B4E48171B6

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: occurrenceID: A76BAF06-CE33-59E1-ABD3-84098DB797F8; Taxon: scientificName: Ellisellidae sp. 6; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; order: Scleralcyonacea; family: Ellisellidae; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 52; maximumDepthInMeters: 121; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Ellisellidae gen. indet. sp. 8

8BF82BCB-E58E-5F22-BC26-6480CAE215A8

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: occurrenceID: 4713C20B-2856-58EC-BBA4-DB071D223E5C; Taxon: scientificName: Ellisellidae sp. 8; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; order: Scleralcyonacea; family: Ellisellidae; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 60; maximumDepthInMeters: 120; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Ellisellidae gen. indet. sp. 9

E466A3D3-C6A2-591E-9B05-39036F6EE79A

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Ellisellidae sp. 9; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; order: Scleralcyonacea; family: Ellisellidae; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male'; minimumDepthInMeters: 250; maximumDepthInMeters: 253; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Heliopora sp. indet.

452D4E5F-C3A7-55E8-9E04-C95E09A18A7D

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Heliopora sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; order: Scleralcyonacea; family: Helioporidae; genus: Heliopora; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Laamu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 2; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Pennatuloidea gen. indet. sp.

60095B8C-7AF3-5356-A8F9-6DE33E5FDB1D

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Pennatuloidea sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; order: Scleralcyonacea; family: Pennatuloidea; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Vaavu, Fuvahmulah; minimumDepthInMeters: 489; maximumDepthInMeters: 489; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2024; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Primnoidae gen. indet. sp. 1

89C6727E-1E90-56BD-9072-E2651C16A98D

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: occurrenceID: DFBCDC4A-E3A6-5CDB-858A-5FB32A9173E6; Taxon: scientificName: Primnoidae sp. 1; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; order: Scleralcyonacea; family: Primnoidae; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Vaavu, Laamu, Fuvahmulah; minimumDepthInMeters: 53; maximumDepthInMeters: 491; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2025; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Primnoidae gen. indet. sp. 2

1E669403-3D1A-5FE8-A94C-29F70785A5E2

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: occurrenceID: 276EEE10-9A48-5BE1-8CE7-A80B3D080EA6; Taxon: scientificName: Primnoidae sp. 2; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; order: Scleralcyonacea; family: Primnoidae; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Laamu; minimumDepthInMeters: 30; maximumDepthInMeters: 60; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2026; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Primnoidae gen. indet. sp. 3

622A1BEC-125F-5ADC-8474-BB371F7621D2

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: occurrenceID: C2A171E6-BDF5-51D9-8C9D-A9E5203E1673; Taxon: scientificName: Primnoidae sp. 3; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; order: Scleralcyonacea; family: Primnoidae; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Huvadhu; minimumDepthInMeters: 248; maximumDepthInMeters: 253; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2027; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Primnoidae gen. indet. sp. 4

19BDA55E-9998-5CE6-850E-37E14EC09BE1

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: occurrenceID: 683B729C-E284-5246-BF3A-AA949A59F960; Taxon: scientificName: Primnoidae sp. 4; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; order: Scleralcyonacea; family: Primnoidae; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Laamu; minimumDepthInMeters: 488; maximumDepthInMeters: 490; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2028; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Primnoidae gen. indet. sp. 5

BD78F716-E4D8-53F8-AF30-200C9B4BA5A8

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: occurrenceID: 937DF3BC-FD43-53BA-A246-D33D664A7BC7; Taxon: scientificName: Primnoidae sp. 5; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; order: Scleralcyonacea; family: Primnoidae; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Huvadhu; minimumDepthInMeters: 489; maximumDepthInMeters: 489; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2029; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 3

0223EE9A-F076-5872-801F-A7B4B54BB07F

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: occurrenceID: 6FED4268-A55F-593A-B20C-D320AFC81C2D; Taxon: scientificName: Octocorallia sp. 3; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 30; maximumDepthInMeters: 121; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2030; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 4

820B6434-64B2-5BEA-ACC1-20BD0F07C969

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Octocorallia sp. 4; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Huvadhu, Addu, Fuvahmulah; minimumDepthInMeters: 59; maximumDepthInMeters: 124; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2031; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 5

A9D04972-0A62-5B70-A4EC-41AFF7B39F87

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Octocorallia sp. 5; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Vaavu, Laamu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 57; maximumDepthInMeters: 124; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2032; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 6

381FBA46-3636-549A-9BB0-E6856A5672C2

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Octocorallia sp. 6; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Huvadhu; minimumDepthInMeters: 11; maximumDepthInMeters: 124; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2033; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 7

3A3FF843-4E4E-5C51-837B-8BD23FEEF245

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Octocorallia sp. 7; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Laamu, Fuvahmulah, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 53; maximumDepthInMeters: 124; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2034; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 8

55C6E2E3-7C9F-5A1A-B54C-E036FAAF0208

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Octocorallia sp. 8; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Laamu; minimumDepthInMeters: 60; maximumDepthInMeters: 60; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2035; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 9

EF4CAA5E-177A-560D-B452-3D89BEF773A0

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Octocorallia sp. 9; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Laamu; minimumDepthInMeters: 53; maximumDepthInMeters: 124; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2036; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 10

199EB0B1-428A-55D9-A383-D8ADF056289F

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Octocorallia sp. 10; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Addu, Fuvahmulah; minimumDepthInMeters: 118; maximumDepthInMeters: 121; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2037; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 11

EBA98AC6-508C-55C9-8798-1C424F49881B

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Octocorallia sp. 11; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Fuvahmulah; minimumDepthInMeters: 490; maximumDepthInMeters: 490; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2038; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 12

A6B032D5-4D10-5E43-86C9-E16D5BFCE22C

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Octocorallia sp. 12; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Huvadhu; minimumDepthInMeters: 489; maximumDepthInMeters: 489; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2039; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 13

9D65C92D-CD6C-5414-9A88-C358123EBBFC

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Octocorallia sp. 13; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Fuvahmulah; minimumDepthInMeters: 120; maximumDepthInMeters: 120; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2040; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 14

C1627432-04DE-5675-9586-09C83ED79845

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Octocorallia sp. 14; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 248; maximumDepthInMeters: 250; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2041; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 15

E54D8347-2986-5F34-BA2C-EA8540563934

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Octocorallia sp. 15; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Laamu; minimumDepthInMeters: 59; maximumDepthInMeters: 60; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2042; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 18

8BBC2B63-C4CA-5BC7-A40D-3AAC839C0DD7

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Octocorallia sp. 18; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Vaavu, Laamu; minimumDepthInMeters: 53; maximumDepthInMeters: 61; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2044; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 19

C8786BC7-C433-5940-952C-74E4B8ED8791

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Octocorallia sp. 19; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Fuvahmulah; minimumDepthInMeters: 490; maximumDepthInMeters: 490; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2045; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 20

40D40832-1571-568B-8572-96098CE5B51C

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Octocorallia sp. 20; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Laamu; minimumDepthInMeters: 30; maximumDepthInMeters: 124; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2046; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 21

14FEC0AA-B344-57E9-8322-23672E3DDA55

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Octocorallia sp. 21; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Fuvahmulah; minimumDepthInMeters: 120; maximumDepthInMeters: 120; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2047; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 22

540244A8-0E6C-58C8-8EE8-C4BAC00A74CC

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Octocorallia sp. 22; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Laamu, Fuvahmulah; minimumDepthInMeters: 57; maximumDepthInMeters: 61; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2048; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 24

A8464F8C-9278-5D39-A27A-08FA0F124EE6

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Octocorallia sp. 24; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 26; maximumDepthInMeters: 124; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2049; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 25

4C76B92B-B9BB-5C60-BE54-6208D1C65665

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Octocorallia sp. 25; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 53; maximumDepthInMeters: 120; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2050; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 27

069CF2C7-FE68-5AF5-BC3E-07A8E4F5A37B

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Octocorallia sp. 27; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Huvadhu; minimumDepthInMeters: 30; maximumDepthInMeters: 62; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2051; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 29

23ECBBEB-DB74-51C3-A99E-3A6EF204CCA9

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Octocorallia sp. 29; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 59; maximumDepthInMeters: 121; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2052; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 31

BE2B74F7-E861-525E-A9CE-508DFDE22F6E

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Octocorallia sp. 31; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Octocorallia; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 115; maximumDepthInMeters: 120; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2053; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Ceriantharia stet.

B692A471-C056-5E5F-9003-1431E3B19899

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Ceriantharia; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Anthozoa-Ceriantharia; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’; minimumDepthInMeters: 247; maximumDepthInMeters: 251; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Millepora sp. indet. 1

5921B515-D599-5E01-A483-A06A677A2709

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Millepora sp. 1; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Hydrozoa; order: Anthoathecata; family: Milleporidae; genus: Millepora; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Laamu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 2; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Millepora sp. indet. 2

893E478B-B2D2-58D9-A821-95DF6CBEA6A5

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Millepora sp. 2; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Hydrozoa; order: Anthoathecata; family: Milleporidae; genus: Millepora; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Laamu, Huvadhu; minimumDepthInMeters: 8; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Millepora sp. indet. 3

AD1BAEAD-C4D4-548E-819A-34B300A47122

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Millepora sp. 3; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Hydrozoa; order: Anthoathecata; family: Milleporidae; genus: Millepora; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 2; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Crypthelia gen. indet. sp.

D5AF1800-1C8D-5B78-BCFE-7A4CE8DA7F79

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: occurrenceID: 1ED3B82C-D15B-5BD6-B9F1-300C9FF2036A; Taxon: scientificName: Crypthelia sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Hydrozoa; order: Anthoathecata; family: Stylasteridae; genus: Crypthelia; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Laamu, Huvadhu; minimumDepthInMeters: 249; maximumDepthInMeters: 487; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Stylasteridae gen. indet. sp. 4

4F194AFB-671D-5209-A221-A9197008C670

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Stylasteridae sp. 4; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Hydrozoa; order: Anthoathecata; family: Stylasteridae; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu, Fuvahmulah; minimumDepthInMeters: 116; maximumDepthInMeters: 490; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Stylasteridae gen. indet. sp. 5

B253EF0B-E533-538B-AB36-22D80D116157

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Stylasteridae sp. 5; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Hydrozoa; order: Anthoathecata; family: Stylasteridae; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 248; maximumDepthInMeters: 251; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Stylasteridae gen. indet. sp. 6

048BE030-94F2-5D9D-B815-BC0B7A897576

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Stylasteridae sp. 6; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Hydrozoa; order: Anthoathecata; family: Stylasteridae; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Laamu; minimumDepthInMeters: 488; maximumDepthInMeters: 490; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Stylasteridae gen. indet. sp. 7

503F469C-9A56-5B23-8C9F-593ACC5D303C

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Stylasteridae sp. 7; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Hydrozoa; order: Anthoathecata; family: Stylasteridae; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Vaavu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 248; maximumDepthInMeters: 489; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Stylasteridae gen. indet. sp. 8

D3DA95AF-7FFE-52D7-B2C3-4599696C0C4A

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Stylasteridae sp. 8; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Hydrozoa; order: Anthoathecata; family: Stylasteridae; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 116; maximumDepthInMeters: 121; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Hydrozoa ord. indet. sp. 1

9A2793FA-2AEC-5A2E-B9D0-31F5B51F589D

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Hydrozoa sp. 1; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Hydrozoa; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 10; maximumDepthInMeters: 10; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Hydrozoa ord. indet. sp. 4

FD835159-E865-5AB3-9A0F-230F7E7A72B0

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Hydrozoa sp. 4; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Hydrozoa; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’; minimumDepthInMeters: 489; maximumDepthInMeters: 489; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Hydrozoa ord. indet. sp. 5

B442E874-56F7-5680-A1DD-8809DF80F974

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Hydrozoa sp. 5; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Cnidaria; class: Hydrozoa; scientificNameAuthorship: Owen, 1843; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Vaavu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 489; maximumDepthInMeters: 490; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Lyrocteis sp. indet.

D7162F89-2C1E-54D6-A125-9522B9485863

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Lyrocteis sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Ctenophora; class: Tentaculata; order: Platyctenida; family: Lyroctenidae; genus: Lyrocteis; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: TBD; minimumDepthInMeters: TBD; maximumDepthInMeters: TBD; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Tridacna sp. indet.

3010926A-0C64-582C-8081-88DDD2E055A2

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Tridacna sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Mollusca; class: Bivalvia; order: Cardiida; family: Cardiidae; genus: Tridacna; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Laamu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 2; maximumDepthInMeters: 10; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Bivalvia ord. indet. sp. 1

AC6D300D-3AEF-57AC-AB47-226DEEB4B45F

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Bivalvia sp. 1; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Mollusca; class: Bivalvia; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Laamu, Huvadhu, Fuvahmulah; minimumDepthInMeters: 120; maximumDepthInMeters: 487; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Bivalvia ord. indet. sp. 2

395464ED-5B82-564E-A301-43E52BCF82D6

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Bivalvia sp. 2; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Mollusca; class: Bivalvia; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Laamu, Huvadhu; minimumDepthInMeters: 485; maximumDepthInMeters: 489; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Bivalvia ord. indet. sp. 3

1DF05540-7D24-57FA-B675-223855DCD05E

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Bivalvia sp. 3; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Mollusca; class: Bivalvia; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Laamu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 60; maximumDepthInMeters: 251; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Octopoda fam. indet. sp.

86169F75-E2B0-5E8A-80F0-7701FE6A34E1

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Octopoda sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Mollusca; class: Cephalopoda; order: Octopoda; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Vaavu, Fuvahmulah; minimumDepthInMeters: 248; maximumDepthInMeters: 495; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Strombidae gen. indet. sp. 1

322E66A4-C117-59B8-80BF-7FAB81085981

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Strombidae sp. 1; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Mollusca; class: Gastropoda; order: Littorinimorpha; family: Strombidae; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Huvadhu Addu;; minimumDepthInMeters: 248; maximumDepthInMeters: 489; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Strombidae gen. indet. sp. 2

71FD0F66-A183-5E09-B95A-4628AD0666BA

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Strombidae sp. 2; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Mollusca; class: Gastropoda; order: Littorinimorpha; family: Strombidae; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Huvadhu; minimumDepthInMeters: 120; maximumDepthInMeters: 251; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Conoidea gen. indet. sp.

FCBAFE48-C27C-5503-B08A-5F491933B87E

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Conoidea sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Mollusca; class: Gastropoda; order: Neogastropoda; family: Conoidea; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 248; maximumDepthInMeters: 491; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Drupella sp. indet.

A5A7DBA7-A667-562B-AEBB-25FF6BA8476B

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Drupella sp. indet.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Mollusca; class: Gastropoda; order: Neogastropoda; family: Muricidae; genus: Drupella; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’; minimumDepthInMeters: 10; maximumDepthInMeters: 10; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Polychaeta ord. indet. sp. 1

89B8ECAC-D43E-5450-A155-B78F77F3E833

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Polychaeta sp. 1; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Annelida; class: Polychaeta; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Laamu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 247; maximumDepthInMeters: 251; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Polychaeta ord. indet. sp. 2

2F9CAD47-3726-5776-A8C5-D97E7111E476

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Polychaeta sp. 2; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Annelida; class: Polychaeta; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 249; maximumDepthInMeters: 491; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Polychaeta ord. indet. sp. 3

6A6938C0-1A67-5A4A-97BD-15C57221EFAC

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Polychaeta sp. 3; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Annelida; class: Polychaeta; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Laamu; minimumDepthInMeters: 488; maximumDepthInMeters: 491; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Polychaeta ord. indet. sp. 4

6C1A5903-3691-5347-872E-DF9310A36322

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Polychaeta sp. 4; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Annelida; class: Polychaeta; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Laamu; minimumDepthInMeters: 485; maximumDepthInMeters: 491; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Polychaeta ord. indet. sp. 5

8A7EF3DD-B941-5DFC-B6F4-CA1E9E5F6A4D

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: occurrenceID: DB931A3D-037A-5A5E-96F0-0057103577F7; Taxon: scientificName: Polychaeta sp. 5; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Annelida; class: Polychaeta; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male'; minimumDepthInMeters: 250; maximumDepthInMeters: 253; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Echiura ord. indet. sp.

669C7C29-3884-560F-87E1-59A3FEA04070

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Echiura sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Annelida; class: Polychaeta-Echiura; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu; minimumDepthInMeters: 247; maximumDepthInMeters: 490; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Galatheoidea gen. indet. sp.

78A04152-2FBA-5F6A-A13B-1703972FF29F

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Galatheoidea sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Malacostraca; order: Decapoda; family: Galatheoidea; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Fuvahmulah, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 248; maximumDepthInMeters: 249; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Chirostyloidea gen. indet. sp. 1

A80240F7-DD28-589B-9F6E-7B2BAABFE565

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Chirostyloidea sp. 1; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Malacostraca; order: Decapoda; family: Chirostyloidea; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Laamu; minimumDepthInMeters: 246; maximumDepthInMeters: 251; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Chirostyloidea gen. indet. sp. 2

FBF8DC2D-6429-5915-AA2F-1350B797101A

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Chirostyloidea sp. 2; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Malacostraca; order: Decapoda; family: Chirostyloidea; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Vaavu; minimumDepthInMeters: 250; maximumDepthInMeters: 250; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Leucosiidae gen. indet. sp.

3374A436-2B58-53E3-AECB-678A0A5D335E

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Leucosiidae sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Malacostraca; order: Decapoda; family: Leucosiidae; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Vaavu; minimumDepthInMeters: 489; maximumDepthInMeters: 489; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Munidopsidae gen. indet. sp.

B8A4E04A-EDB0-5BBE-970B-C47983F1D496

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Munidopsidae sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Malacostraca; order: Decapoda; family: Munidopsidae; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Laamu, Vaavu, Huvadhu, North Male’, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 247; maximumDepthInMeters: 490; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Mithracidae gen. indet. sp.

FCD257A0-4DA4-58FF-965B-719CF8E4763A

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Mithracidae sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Malacostraca; order: Decapoda; family: Mithracidae; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’; minimumDepthInMeters: 489; maximumDepthInMeters: 489; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Homolidae gen. indet. sp.

41CD9F17-9559-563E-9952-BD1DA632C164

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Homolidae sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Malacostraca; order: Decapoda; family: Homolidae; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Laamu; minimumDepthInMeters: 491; maximumDepthInMeters: 491; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Paguropsis confusa

Lemaitre, Rahayu & Komai, 2018

6E82AAE9-B941-519C-8B77-07542B43F22C

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Paguropsisconfusa; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Malacostraca; order: Decapoda; family: Paguroidea; genus: Paguropsis; scientificNameAuthorship: Lemaitre, Rahayu & Komai, 2018; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’; minimumDepthInMeters: 247; maximumDepthInMeters: 251; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Notes

A blanket-hermit crab with a sub-rectangular-shaped body. Has specialised chelate legs similar to ice-block tongs in shape. Approximately ~ 7 cm in the longest dimension. Colouration white with orange patches (Fig. 229).

Paguropsisconfusa

Figure 229a.

North Male’, 250 m;

Figure 229b.

North Male’, 250 m.

Aristeidae gen. indet. sp.

256EDDD8-CFDE-5E74-A0E9-84FB47A34715

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Aristeidae sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Malacostraca; order: Decapoda; family: Aristeidae; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Huvadhu; minimumDepthInMeters: 247; maximumDepthInMeters: 490; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Xanthidae gen. indet. sp.

3127CD7A-BBC1-57F1-98F8-2A1B332E6833

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Xanthidae sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Malacostraca; order: Decapoda-Brachyura; family: Xanthidae; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Huvadhu; minimumDepthInMeters: 490; maximumDepthInMeters: 491; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Calappidae gen. indet. sp.

6D6CCC25-C9ED-5A2D-8985-0FA00B5C034F

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Calappidae sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Malacostraca; order: Decapoda-Brachyura; family: Calappidae; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 60; maximumDepthInMeters: 250; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Geryonidae gen. indet. sp.

A04622D5-8CFE-5BCC-883C-03D309455665

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Geryonidae sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Malacostraca; order: Decapoda-Brachyura; family: Geryonidae; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Huvadhu; minimumDepthInMeters: 490; maximumDepthInMeters: 490; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Caridea

fam. indet. sp.

D5916DCF-1984-5B87-9A94-CFD036F296AB

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Caridea sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Arthropoda; class: Malacostraca; order: Decapoda-Caridea; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Huvadhu; minimumDepthInMeters: 489; maximumDepthInMeters: 489; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2024; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Bryozoa clas. indet. sp. 1

8A8DDB9C-724D-59B2-8A86-03B84BC382B7

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Bryozoa sp. 1; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Bryozoa; scientificNameAuthorship: Not documented; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Vaavu, Adhu; minimumDepthInMeters: 60; maximumDepthInMeters: 250; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Cellaria sp. indet.

F1FAC01E-E1F8-5798-BD7A-787B70293AB8

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Cellaria sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Bryozoa; class: Gymnolaemata; order: Cheilostomatida; family: Cellariidae; genus: Cellaria; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Laamu, Huvadhu; minimumDepthInMeters: 10; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Brisingidae gen. indet. sp.

A543BAA8-C6CE-56D4-A9F6-06D0FD07F533

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Brisingidae sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Echinodermata; class: Asteroidea; order: Brisingida; family: Brisingidae; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Vaavu; minimumDepthInMeters: 250; maximumDepthInMeters: 251; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Christopher Mah; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Sclerasterias sp. indet.

01D0AF26-BA12-56B4-9DD9-ABBC909119C0

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Sclerasterias sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Echinodermata; class: Asteroidea; order: Forcipulatida; family: Asteriidae; genus: Sclerasterias; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Laamu, Fuvahmulah, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 60; maximumDepthInMeters: 488; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Christopher Mah; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Persephonaster sp. indet.

E2DCB62F-6F13-50EE-9008-F1392C6054B0

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Persephonaster sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Echinodermata; class: Asteroidea; order: Paxillosida; family: Astropectinidae; genus: Persephonaster; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Vaavu; minimumDepthInMeters: 488; maximumDepthInMeters: 494; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Christopher Mah; dateIdentified: 2022, 2024; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Astropectinidae gen. indet. sp. 1

CED3B3A6-B7C5-5225-9F4E-9A3D32EEDFB0

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Astropectinidae sp. 1; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Echinodermata; class: Asteroidea; order: Paxillosida; family: Astropectinidae; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Vaavu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 248; maximumDepthInMeters: 250; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Christopher Mah; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Astropectinidae gen. indet. sp. 2

1123D244-C926-57FF-BF8E-256D712F1007

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Astropectinidae sp. 2; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Echinodermata; class: Asteroidea; order: Paxillosida; family: Astropectinidae; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 248; maximumDepthInMeters: 255; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Christopher Mah; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Echinaster luzonicus

(Gray, 1840)

67A03B40-915F-5CF5-B48E-0559F8C85760

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Echinasterluzonicus; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Echinodermata; class: Asteroidea; order: Spinulosida; family: Echinasteridae; genus: Echinaster; scientificNameAuthorship: (Gray, 1840); Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Huvadhu; minimumDepthInMeters: 10; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Christopher Mah; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Notes

Slender tapered arms with pointy tip and inconspicuous central disc. Approximately 8 cm in the longest dimension. Colouration lighter shades of orange at the centre with gradual darkening towards the tips of the arms (Fig. 242).

Figure 242.

Echinasterluzonicus, Huvadhu, 10 m.

Anseropoda sp. indet.

276B6B00-1B30-567A-8BBC-EAF379FE5B48

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Anseropoda sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Echinodermata; class: Asteroidea; order: Valvatida; family: Asterinidae; genus: Anseropoda; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male'; minimumDepthInMeters: 489; maximumDepthInMeters: 489; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Christopher Mah; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Paranepanthia sp. indet.

D8A61D8C-3E64-56EC-A606-EEE2D6773CD1

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Paranepanthia sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Echinodermata; class: Asteroidea; order: Valvatida; family: Asterinidae; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu; minimumDepthInMeters: 247; maximumDepthInMeters: 489; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Christopher Mah; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Tremaster mirabilis

Verrill, 1880

5BFCD22E-7494-5733-99D3-B60662BE3735

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Tremastermirabilis; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Echinodermata; class: Asteroidea; order: Valvatida; family: Asterinidae; genus: Tremaster; scientificNameAuthorship: Verrill, 1880; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Fuvahmulah; minimumDepthInMeters: 488; maximumDepthInMeters: 499; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Christopher Mah; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Notes

Outline pentagonal-shaped and inflated centrally with large central disc and thin body edges. Approximately 9 cm in the longest dimension. Collected specimen (Fig. 245).

Tremastermirabilis

Figure 245a.

Fuvahmulah, 490 m, collected specimen MAL1_364;

Figure 245b.

Fuvahmulah, 490 m.

Asterinidae gen. indet. sp.

961F5702-EC0D-59E9-BBCF-5B2E9699042A

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Asterinidae sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Echinodermata; class: Asteroidea; order: Valvatida; family: Asterinidae; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Vaavu, Laamu; minimumDepthInMeters: 248; maximumDepthInMeters: 251; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Christopher Mah; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Mediaster sp. indet.

48AF9F44-98A0-58D1-B2CE-68700F235975

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Mediaster sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Echinodermata; class: Asteroidea; order: Valvatida; family: Goniasteridae; genus: Mediaster; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Laamu, Huvadhu; minimumDepthInMeters: 485; maximumDepthInMeters: 492; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Christopher Mah; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Ceramaster sp. indet.

D8312C4B-DCF9-5AE4-92FD-A9EB8433EC2F

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Ceramaster sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Echinodermata; class: Asteroidea; order: Valvatida; family: Goniasteridae; genus: Ceramaster; scientificNameAuthorship: , 1899; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Vaavu, Huvadhu; minimumDepthInMeters: 248; maximumDepthInMeters: 253; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Christopher Mah; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Sphaeriodiscus sp. indet.

4BB4209C-3738-5953-912C-2CEB5B44A432

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Sphaeriodiscus sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Echinodermata; class: Asteroidea; order: Valvatida; family: Goniasteridae; genus: Sphaeriodiscus; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: TBC; minimumDepthInMeters: TBC; maximumDepthInMeters: TBC; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Christopher Mah; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Nymphaster sp. indet.

8BEC85EF-AB51-5E6E-A7FC-F53E0B0FCB73

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Nymphaster sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Echinodermata; class: Asteroidea; order: Valvatida; family: Goniasteridae; genus: Nymphaster; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Vaavu; minimumDepthInMeters: 489; maximumDepthInMeters: 489; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Christopher Mah; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Goniasteridae gen. indet. sp. 4

6468E6F7-B772-5DFF-A132-DE426ECC5403

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Goniasteridae sp. 4; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Echinodermata; class: Asteroidea; order: Valvatida; family: Goniasteridae; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Huvadhu; minimumDepthInMeters: 489; maximumDepthInMeters: 489; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Christopher Mah; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Fromia monilis

(Perrier, 1869)

98A2D184-C1C5-5B7E-9754-05992BF88B3C

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: occurrenceID: D1A131B2-BF70-5FDA-9246-EE36F7AD26D8; Taxon: scientificName: Fromiamonilis; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Echinodermata; class: Asteroidea; order: Valvatida; family: Goniasteridae; genus: Fromia; scientificNameAuthorship: (Perrier, 1869); Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 2; maximumDepthInMeters: 61; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Christopher Mah; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Notes

Five long tapered arms with small central disc. Marginal plates distinct and well developed with lighter cream colouration. Pattern on mid-line of arms in similar colour to the marginal plates. Approximately 7 cm in the longest dimension. Colouration of body and central disc bright to deep red tones (Fig. 252).

Fromiamonilis

Figure 252a.

North Male’, 55 m, collected specimen MAL1_726;

Figure 252b.

North Male’, 55 m, in situ photo of collected specimen MAL1_726.

Astrosarkus idipi

Mah, 2003

FDD74F4A-842F-519E-BC52-3ECD8F895DB3

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Astrosarkusidipi; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Echinodermata; class: Asteroidea; order: Valvatida; family: Oreasteridae; genus: Astrosarkus; scientificNameAuthorship: Mah, 2003; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 83; maximumDepthInMeters: 91; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Christopher Mah; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Notes

Body heavily inflated with large central disc and short arms. Arms with rounded margins and more pointy at the tips. Approximately 32 cm in the longest dimension. Colouration in red tones and peach with patchy pattern throughout the surface. This is a colour variant of the species described in more detail in Mah 2023 (Fig. 253).

Astrosarkusidipi

Figure 253a.

Addu, 85 m, collected specimen MAL1_334;

Figure 253b.

Addu, 85 m, in situ photo of collected specimen MAL1_334.

Choriaster granulatus

Lütken, 1869

2160D2FC-F90E-56D2-A240-827F90D4B02C

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Choriastergranulatus; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Echinodermata; class: Asteroidea; order: Valvatida; family: Oreasteridae; genus: Choriaster; scientificNameAuthorship: Lütken, 1869; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Vaavu, Huvadhu, Fuvahmulah, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 26; maximumDepthInMeters: 60; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Christopher Mah; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Notes

Large inflated central disc with short compact and cylindrical arms. Arms rounded and cylindrical at the tips. Approximately 24 cm in the longest dimension. Colouration pink, orange and peach tones with distinctly lighter colouration tips of arms (Fig. 254).

Choriastergranulatus

Figure 254a.

Vaavu, 10 m;

Figure 254b.

Fuvahmulah, ~ 40-60 m.

Culcita schmideliana

(Bruzelius, 1805)

B2D62EF6-CCE3-5EBF-B7F4-4BDF5182B0F9

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Culcitaschmideliana; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Echinodermata; class: Asteroidea; order: Valvatida; family: Oreasteridae; genus: Culcita; scientificNameAuthorship: (Bruzelius, 1805); Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu; minimumDepthInMeters: 2; maximumDepthInMeters: 5; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Christopher Mah; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Notes

Five short arms with a large central disc. Body shape pentagonal with a heavily inflated appearance. Pentagonal-shaped with minimal concaves on edge. Inflated body with compact arms and a large central disc. Spinelets evident. Approximately 20 cm in the longest dimension. Colouration appears blotchy with dark and light grey tones (Fig. 255).

Figure 255.

Culcitaschmideliana, Vaavu, 2 m.

Linckia sp. indet.

1443CAB1-FB07-5F3B-9372-F6F2FA87DDED

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Linckia sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Echinodermata; class: Asteroidea; order: Valvatida; family: Ophidiasteridae; genus: Linckia; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Vaavu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 10; maximumDepthInMeters: 62; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Christopher Mah; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Asteroidea ord. indet. sp. 5

6B115C33-F3D0-5621-9F3D-C117475764F1

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Asteroidea sp. 5; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Echinodermata; class: Asteroidea; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 491; maximumDepthInMeters: 491; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Christopher Mah; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Asteroidea ord. indet. sp. 6

77A85E0C-BA89-579B-83F8-E3FACAA3D3ED

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Asteroidea sp. 6; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Echinodermata; class: Asteroidea; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 248; maximumDepthInMeters: 250; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Christopher Mah; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Ophiuroidea stet.

AC7960A6-A9E5-5C42-B984-892C2C2D66C0

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Ophiuroidea sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Echinodermata; class: Ophiuroidea; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 250; maximumDepthInMeters: 490; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Crinoidea ord. indet. sp. 1

FCEB8347-EE6A-57F6-9558-1C4A9DC242F8

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Crinoidea sp. 1; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Echinodermata; class: Crinoidea; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 115; maximumDepthInMeters: 253; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Crinoidea ord. indet. sp. 2

87D86B83-6031-5C7E-8C94-6788D90EAF8F

• Crinoidea ord. indet. sp. 2

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Crinoidea sp. 2; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Echinodermata; class: Crinoidea; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu; minimumDepthInMeters: 489; maximumDepthInMeters: 489; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Crinoidea ord. indet. sp. 3

B28EDFDA-07B7-5FF3-B0E8-7532459F51FC

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Crinoidea sp. 3; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Echinodermata; class: Crinoidea; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Huvadhu, Fuvahmulah; minimumDepthInMeters: 115; maximumDepthInMeters: 489; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Micropyga sp. indet.

74B7C56C-C0EA-5710-B5D3-3F78E19C1520

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Micropyga sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Echinodermata; class: Echinoidea; order: Micropygoida; family: Micropygidae; genus: Micropyga; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 246; maximumDepthInMeters: 490; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Cidaroida fam. indet. sp. 1

CFF199EE-2E78-5CEE-82CD-68F20E68D311

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Cidaroida sp. 1; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Echinodermata; class: Echinoidea; order: Cidaroida; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 115; maximumDepthInMeters: 490; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Cidaroida fam. indet. sp. 2

93188898-F247-562E-A542-0CED47FB98DC

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Cidaroida sp. 2; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Echinodermata; class: Echinoidea; order: Cidaroida; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Vaavu, Fuvahmulah; minimumDepthInMeters: 250; maximumDepthInMeters: 253; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Clypeaster sp. indet.

4AE5A99D-8069-5054-8575-0035866E2CAC

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Clypeaster sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Echinodermata; class: Echinoidea; order: Clypeasteroida; family: Clypeasteridae; genus: Clypeaster; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Vaavu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 26; maximumDepthInMeters: 251; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Echinothrix diadema

(Linnaeus, 1758)

60474D88-AA78-5818-A921-48213111C2EA

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Echinothrixdiadema; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Echinodermata; class: Echinoidea; order: Diadematoida; family: Diadematidae; genus: Echinothrix; scientificNameAuthorship: (Linnaeus, 1758); Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Laamu; minimumDepthInMeters: 2; maximumDepthInMeters: 5; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Notes

Small test size compared to spine length, with numerous fine spines throughout the aboral surface. Spines and test appear dark, almost black in colour. Diadema spp. look similar but tend to have longer spines relative to the test (Fig. 267).

Figure 267.

Echinothrixdiadema, Laamu, 2 m.

Echinoidea ord. indet. sp. 1

FF564C15-071D-5745-BFD6-449C23B058EA

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Echinoidea sp. 1; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Echinodermata; class: Echinoidea; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Vaavu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 248; maximumDepthInMeters: 490; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Echinoidea ord. indet. sp. 2

D8C1EB1B-C8BB-514D-9109-AABE8779E79D

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Echinoidea sp. 2; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Echinodermata; class: Echinoidea; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Laamu; minimumDepthInMeters: 488; maximumDepthInMeters: 490; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Spatangoida fam. indet. sp.

3F809423-44F8-5896-B53F-69C0031B1B87

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Spatangoida sp.; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Echinodermata; class: Echinoidea; order: Spatangoida; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’; minimumDepthInMeters: 115; maximumDepthInMeters: 124; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis, Christopher Mah; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Holothuria atra

Jaeger, 1833

DC525516-CE5D-572C-9970-B6B36747BB9A

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Holothuriaatra; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Echinodermata; class: Holothuroidea; order: Holothuriida; family: Holothuriidae; genus: Holothuria; scientificNameAuthorship: Jaeger, 1833; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Vaavu, Laamu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 2; maximumDepthInMeters: 30; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Notes

Cylindrical body with smooth surface, sometimes covered in sediment. Some individuals have a more stout body shape. Black and dark green in colour. Approximately 36 cm long (Fig. 271).

Holothuriaatra

Figure 271a.

Laamu, 10 m;

Figure 271b.

Addu, 30 m.

Holothuria edulis

Lesson, 1830

43CE17A8-524B-537C-BB48-2C6D20E90EE4

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Holothuriaedulis; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Echinodermata; class: Holothuroidea; order: Holothuriida; family: Holothuriidae; genus: Holothuria; scientificNameAuthorship: Lesson, 1830; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Laamu; minimumDepthInMeters: 57; maximumDepthInMeters: 61; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Notes

Cylindrical elongated shape, surface appears smooth. Approximately 23 cm long. Pink with grey and black in colour (Fig. 272).

Figure 272.

Holothuriaedulis, Laamu, 60 m.

Pearsonothuria graeffei

(Semper, 1868)

20B55C7F-C90F-5DF2-8A6C-C7B3800F7ED2

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Occurrence: occurrenceID: 659AFA28-F272-52E1-89A6-A4707F2258F4; Taxon: scientificName: Pearsonothuriagraeffei; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Echinodermata; class: Holothuroidea; order: Holothuriida; family: Holothuriidae; genus: Pearsonothuria; scientificNameAuthorship: (Semper, 1868); Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 10; maximumDepthInMeters: 10; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Notes

Elongated cylindrical body with bumpy papillae present throughout the surface. Approximately 31 cm long. Feeding tentacles extended from the body. Light brown to cream in colour with dark brown patches and black markings on the body (Fig. 273).

Figure 273.

Pearsonothuriagraeffei, North Male’, ~ 10 m.

Holothuroidea ord. indet. sp. 3

AB9D0C88-B632-50A7-8323-4EFD910F1D4D

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Holothuroidea sp. 3; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Echinodermata; class: Holothuroidea; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Vaavu, Huvadhu; minimumDepthInMeters: 247; maximumDepthInMeters: 489; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Holothuroidea ord. indet. sp. 4

03559D72-0901-5FD8-BD40-9AC54CB22769

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Holothuroidea sp. 4; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Echinodermata; class: Holothuroidea; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu; minimumDepthInMeters: 233; maximumDepthInMeters: 490; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Holothuroidea ord. indet. sp. 5

50AFA789-01EC-5466-BA67-6B7D39E70C7B

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Holothuroidea sp. 5; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Echinodermata; class: Holothuroidea; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Vaavu; minimumDepthInMeters: 496; maximumDepthInMeters: 496; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Holothuroidea ord. indet. sp. 6

6C9DB984-5889-59CE-9019-C4F9C7F4D57F

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Holothuroidea sp. 6; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Echinodermata; class: Holothuroidea; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu; minimumDepthInMeters: 250; maximumDepthInMeters: 489; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Holothuroidea ord. indet. sp. 7

D97102BD-F528-5E01-BD82-F13B738BC78B

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Holothuroidea sp. 7; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Echinodermata; class: Holothuroidea; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’; minimumDepthInMeters: 489; maximumDepthInMeters: 489; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Holothuroidea ord. indet. sp. 8

F4ECA26B-8054-5028-9D92-42A5489EB292

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Holothuroidea sp. 8; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Echinodermata; class: Holothuroidea; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Vaavu; minimumDepthInMeters: 489; maximumDepthInMeters: 489; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Holothuroidea ord. indet. sp. 9

2045CA5E-CC5C-511A-9080-FCFAB58EFE97

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Holothuroidea sp. 9; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Echinodermata; class: Holothuroidea; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Fuvahmulah; minimumDepthInMeters: 489; maximumDepthInMeters: 492; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Didemnum molle

(Herdman, 1886)

DBAEFBA9-9078-53AD-89D4-34D98248B378

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Didemnummolle; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Chordata-Tunicata; class: Ascidiacea; order: Aplousobranchia; family: Didemnidae; genus: Didemnum; scientificNameAuthorship: (Herdman, 1886); Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Vaavu; minimumDepthInMeters: 2; maximumDepthInMeters: 489; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Notes

Forms urn-shaped structures with linked zooids that are anchored to the substratum. Approximately 14 cm in the longest dimension. Contains cyanobacteria in its tissue. Similar to Haliclona sp. (Fig. 281).

Didemnummolle

Figure 281a.

Vaavu, 10 m;

Figure 281b.

Vaavu, 2 m.

Ascidiacea ord. indet. sp. 1

7934DE47-D907-57F0-BED4-190C882909C7

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Ascidiacea sp. 1; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Chordata-Tunicata; class: Ascidiacea; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Fuvahmulah; minimumDepthInMeters: 120; maximumDepthInMeters: 121; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Ascidiacea ord. indet. sp. 2

2113BA16-FBB2-5C2B-B7B1-D8026E024D3B

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Ascidiacea sp. 2; kingdom: Animalia; phylum: Chordata-Tunicata; class: Ascidiacea; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 10; maximumDepthInMeters: 10; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Unknown sp. indet. 1

1685FCB6-A9F3-5F3B-A264-6E44A038BDB3

Materials

1. Type status: Other material. Taxon: scientificName: Unknown sp. indet. 1; Location: waterBody: Indian Ocean; country: Maldives; locality: North Male’, Vaavu, Laamu, Huvadhu, Addu; minimumDepthInMeters: 53; maximumDepthInMeters: 124; locationRemarks: Nekton Maldives Mission; Identification: identifiedBy: Farah Amjad, Paris Stefanoudis; dateIdentified: 2022, 2023; identificationRemarks: Identified only from imagery; Event: samplingProtocol: Submersible OR Remotely Operated Vehicle OR Snorkel; Record Level: basisOfRecord: Human observation

Figure 2.

Cyanobacteria stet. sp. 1, Laamu, 30 m.

Figure 3.

Cyanobacteria stet. sp. 2, North Male’, 30 m.

Caulerpa sp. indet. 1

Figure 4a.

North Male’, 30 m;

Figure 4b.

North Male’, 30 m.

Figure 5.

Caulerpaserrulata sp. inc., Addu, 30 m.

Halimeda sp. indet.

Figure 6a.

Vaavu, 30 m;

Figure 6b.

Laamu, 30 m.

Halimedamicronesica

Figure 7a.

North Male’, 10 m;

Figure 7b.

North Male’, 10 m.

Tydemaniaexpeditionis

Figure 8a.

Addu, 30 m;

Figure 8b.

Addu, 30 m.

Corallinales stet.

Figure 9a.

Huvadhu, 10-30 m;

Figure 9b.

North Male’, 10 m;

Figure 9c.

Laamu, 10 m.

Spheciospongia sp. indet. 4

Figure 10a.

Huvadhu, 30 m;

Figure 10b.

Huvadhu, 30 m.

Spheciospongia sp. indet. 5

Figure 11a.

North Male’, 120 m;

Figure 11b.

North Male’, 120 m.

Callyspongia sp. indet. 1

Figure 14a.

North Male’, 30 m;

Figure 14b.

Vaavu, 30 m.

Figure 15.

Petrosiidae gen. indet. sp. 3, Huvadhu, 30 m.

Petrosia sp. indet. 1

Figure 16a.

North Male’, 60 m;

Figure 16b.

North Male’, 60 m;

Figure 16c.

Vaavu, 30 m;

Figure 16d.

Vaavu, 60 m.

Petrosia (Strongylophora) sp. indet. 2

Figure 17a.

Huvadhu, 30 m;

Figure 17b.

North Male’, 30 m.

Haliclona sp. indet. 15

Figure 18a.

North Male’, 30 m;

Figure 18b.

Huvadhu, 30 m.

Haliclona sp. indet. 16

Figure 19a.

Laamu, 60 m;

Figure 19b.

Laamu, 60 m.

Haliclona sp. indet. 17

Figure 20a.

North Male’, 60 m;

Figure 20b.

Addu, 10 m.

Haliclona sp. indet. 18

Figure 21a.

North Male’, 30 m;

Figure 21b.

Huvadhu, 30 m.

Haliclona sp. indet. 19

Figure 22a.

North Male’, 120 m;

Figure 22b.

North Male’, 120 m.

Figure 23.

Suberites sp. indet. 3, Laamu, 10 m.

Plakortis sp. indet. 3

Figure 25a.

North Male’, 120 m

Figure 25b.

Vaavu, 62 m, in situ photo of collected specimen MAL1_635;

Figure 25c.

Vaavu, 62 m, collected specimen MAL1_635;

Figure 25d.

North Male’, 67 m, in situ photo of collected specimen MAL1_724;

Figure 25e.

North Male’, 67 m, collected specimen MAL1_724.

Figure 27.

Clathria sp. indet. 1, North Male’, 30 m.

Figure 29.

Stelletta sp. indet. 2, Addu, 10 m.

Corallistes sp. indet. 2

Figure 30a.

Vaavu, 120 m;

Figure 30b.

Huvadhu, 120 m;

Figure 30c.

Addu, 60 m;

Figure 30d.

Laamu, 490 m.

Geodia sp. indet. 3

Figure 31a.

Laamu, 60 m;

Figure 31b.

Huvadhu, 120 m.

Figure 32.

Geodia sp. indet. 4, Vaavu, 120 m.

Pachastrella sp. indet. 1

Figure 33a.

Addu, 250 m;

Figure 33b.

Addu, 60 m;

Figure 33c.

Addu, 60 m.

Demospongiae ord. indet. sp. 1

Figure 34a.

Huvadhu, 60 m;

Figure 34b.

Huvadhu, 60 m.

Demospongiae ord. indet. sp. 2

Figure 35a.

North Male, 30 m, Biemna sp. indet.;

Figure 35b.

Laamu, 10 m, Biemna sp. indet.;

Figure 35c.

North Male, 30 m.

Demospongiae ord. indet. sp. 3

Figure 36a.

Laamu, 30 m;

Figure 36b.

North Male’, 30 m, Clathria sp. indet.;

Figure 36c.

Addu, 30 m, Clathria sp. indet.

Demospongiae ord. indet. sp. 4

Figure 37a.

Laamu, 10 m, Pseudoceratinapurpurea sp. inc.;

Figure 37b.

Vaavu, 64 m, collected specimen MAL1_640;

Figure 37c.

Vaavu, 64 m, in situ photo of collected specimen MAL1_640;

Figure 37d.

Huvadhu, 490 m, Aplysillasulfurea sp. inc.;

Figure 37e.

Huvadhu, 250 m, Aplysillasulfurea sp. inc.

Demospongiae ord. indet. sp. 16

Figure 38a.

Addu, 120 m;

Figure 38b.

Laamu, 120 m.

Figure 39.

Demospongiae ord. indet. sp. 17, Addu, 60 m.

Figure 40.

Demospongiae ord. indet. sp. 18, Huvadhu, 10 m.

Demospongiae ord. indet. sp. 19

Figure 41a.

Huvadhu, 490 m;

Figure 41b.

Huvadhu, 490 m.

Figure 44.

Farrea sp. indet. 1, Vaavu, 490 m.

Farrea sp. indet. 2

Figure 45a.

Laamu, 490 m;

Figure 45b.

Laamu, 490 m.

Hexactinellida ord. indet. sp. 1

Figure 47a.

Vaavu, 490 m;

Figure 47b.

North Male’, 490 m.

Actiniaria fam. indet. sp. 2

Figure 51a.

Huvadhu, 250 m;

Figure 51b.

North Male’, 250 m.

Actiniaria fam. indet. sp. 4

Figure 52a.

Huvadhu, 490 m;

Figure 52b.

Addu, 250 m.

Actiniaria fam. indet. sp. 5

Figure 53a.

Addu, 490 m;

Figure 53b.

North Male’, 250 m.

Actiniaria fam. indet. sp. 6

Figure 54a.

Vaavu, 250 m;

Figure 54b.

North Male’, 490 m.

Figure 55.

Actiniaria fam. indet. sp. 7, Addu, 490 m.

Figure 56.

Actiniaria fam. indet. sp. 8, Laamu, 490 m.

Acropora sp. indet. 1

Figure 57a.

Vaavu, 10 m;

Figure 57b.

Vaavu, 10 m.

Acropora sp. indet. 2

Figure 58a.

Addu, 30 m;

Figure 58b.

Addu, 2 m.

Acropora sp. indet. 3

Figure 59a.

Addu, 30 m;

Figure 59b.

Vaavu, 30 m.

Acropora sp. indet. 4

Figure 60a.

Huvadhu, 10 m;

Figure 60b.

Huvadhu, 10 m.

Figure 61.

Acropora sp. indet. 5, Laamu, 30 m.

Figure 62.

Acropora sp. indet. 6, Laamu, 10 m.

Acropora sp. indet. 7

Figure 63a.

Laamu, 30 m;

Figure 63b.

Addu, 2 m.

Astreopora sp. indet.

Figure 64a.

Vaavu, 10 m;

Figure 64b.

Vaavu, 13 m;

Figure 64c.

Vaavu, 10 m.

Montipora sp. indet. 1

Figure 65a.

North Male', 10 m;

Figure 65b.

Vaavu, 10 m.

Montipora sp. indet. 2

Figure 66a.

Huvadhu, 30 m;

Figure 66b.

Fuvahmulah, 10 m.

Leptoseris sp. indet.

Figure 68a.

Vaavu, 30 m;

Figure 68b.

Addu, 60 m.

Pavonavarians.

Figure 69a.

Huvadhu, 10 m;

Figure 69b.

Huvadhu, 10 m.

Pavona sp. indet. 2

Figure 70a.

Laamu, 10 m;

Figure 70b.

Vaavu, 10 m.

Dendrophyllia sp. indet.

Figure 71a.

North Male’, 490 m;

Figure 71b.

Fuvahmulah, 490 m.

Figure 72.

Tubastraea sp. indet., North Male’, 60 m.

Turbinaria sp. indet.

Figure 73a.

North Male’, 10 m;

Figure 73b.

Laamu, 30 m.

Figure 75.

Balanophyllia sp. indet., Huvadhu, 490 m.

Diploastreaheliopora.

Figure 76a.

Vaavu, 10 m;

Figure 76b.

Huvadhu, 10 m.

Figure 77.

Galaxea sp. indet., Vaavu, 10 m.

Dipsastraea sp. indet.

Figure 78a.

Huvadhu, 10 m;

Figure 78b.

Fuvahmulah, 10 m;

Figure 78c.

Vaavu, 10 m.

Fungiidae gen. sp. indet. 1

Figure 80a.

F. lobactis, F. danafungia North Male’, 30 m;

Figure 80b.

F. cycloseris, North Male’, 10 m;

Figure 80c.

F. lobactis, North Male’, 10 m.

Herpolitha sp. indet.

Figure 81a.

Vaavu, 10 m;

Figure 81b.

Addu, 28 m.

Halomitra sp. indet.

Figure 82a.

Addu, 30 m;

Figure 82b.

Addu, 30 m.

Echinophyllia sp. indet.

Figure 89a.

Huvadhu, 30 m;

Figure 89b.

Laamu, 30 m.

Lobophyllia sp. indet.

Figure 90a.

Vaavu, 10-30 m;

Figure 90b.

North Male’, 10 m;

Figure 90c.

Vaavu, 2 m;

Figure 90d.

Vaavu, 10 m.

Coelastrea sp. indet.

Figure 92a.

Fuvahmulah, 10 m;

Figure 92b.

Vaavu, 10 m.

Echinopora sp. indet.

Figure 93a.

Echinopora sp. indet., Vaavu, 10 m;

Figure 93b.

Echinoporahirsutissima, Addu, 10 m.

Favites sp. indet.

Figure 94a.

Huvadhu, 30 m;

Figure 94b.

Vaavu, 30 m.

Goniastrea sp. indet.

Figure 95a.

Figure 95b.

Vaavu, 10 m;

Figure 95c.

North Male’, 10 m.

Figure 96.

Hydnophora sp. indet., Laamu, 10 m.

Leptoria sp. indet.

Figure 97a.

Vaavu, 2 m;

Figure 97b.

Vaavu, 2 m.

Figure 98.

Merulina sp. indet., Addu, 30 m.

Mycedium sp. indet.

Figure 99a.

North Male’, 30 m;

Figure 99b.

Addu, 30 m.

Figure 100.

Oulophyllia sp. indet., Huvadhu, 30 m.

Platygyra sp. indet.

Figure 102a.

Vaavu, ~10-30 m;

Figure 102b.

Laamu, 30 m;

Figure 102c.

Vaavu, 2 m;

Figure 102d.

North Male', 5 m.

Madracis sp. indet.

Figure 103a.

Fuvahmulah, 120 m;

Figure 103b.

Laamu, 60 m;

Figure 103c.

Huvadhu, 120 m.

Figure 104.

Pocillopora sp. indet. 1, Addu, 30 m.

Pocillopora sp. indet. 2

Figure 105a.

Addu, 30 m;

Figure 105b.

Laamu, 10 m.

Pocillopora sp. indet. 3

Figure 106a.

North Male’, 10 m;

Figure 106b.

Laamu, 10 m.

Pocillopora sp. indet. 4

Figure 107a.

North Male’, 10 m;

Figure 107b.

Laamu, 10 m;

Figure 107c.

Laamu, 2 m;

Figure 107d.

Huvadhu, 10 m.

Goniopora sp. indet.

Figure 108a.

Fuvahmulah, ~ 30-60 m.

Figure 108b.

Porites sp. indet. 1

Figure 110a.

Huvadhu, 10-30 m;

Figure 110b.

North Male’, 10 m;

Figure 110c.

Fuvahmulah, 10-30 m;

Figure 110d.

Vaavu, 2 m.

Porites sp. indet. 2

Figure 111a.

Addu, 30 m;

Figure 111b.

Addu, 30 m.

Porites sp. indet. 3

Figure 112a.

Addu, 30 m;

Figure 112b.

Vaavu, 30 m.

Psammocora sp. indet.

Figure 113a.

Huvadhu, 30 m;

Figure 113b.

Huvadhu, 10m.

Palythoatuberculosa.

Figure 114a.

North Male’, 10 m;

Figure 114b.

North Male’, 10 m.

Figure 115.

Palythoa sp. indet. 2, Addu, 30 m.

Figure 116.

Arachnopathes sp. indet., Vaavu, 60 m.

Figure 118.

Antipathes sp. indet. 2 Huvadhu, 60 m.

Antipathes sp. indet. 3

Figure 119a.

Addu, 60 m;

Figure 119b.

Addu, 60 m.

Antipathes sp. indet. 4

Figure 120a.

Vaavu, 60 m;

Figure 120b.

Vaavu, 60 m.

Asteriopathes sp. indet.

Figure 121a.

Vaavu, 121 m, in situ photo of collected specimen MAL1_630;

Figure 121b.

Laamu, 120 m;

Figure 121c.

Vaavu, 121 m, Collected specimen MAL1_630.

Tetrapathes sp. indet.

Figure 122a.

Vaavu, 60 m;

Figure 122b.

Addu, 250 m;

Figure 122c.

Fuvahmulah, 250 m, in situ of collected specimen MAL1_411;

Figure 122d.

Fuvahmulah, 250 m, Collected specimen MAL1_411 (Tetrapathes sp. indet.);

Figure 122e.

Addu, 262 m, in situ of collected specimen MAL1_284;

Figure 122f.

Addu, 262 m, Collected specimen MAL1_284 (Tetrapathesalata sp. inc.).

Bathypathes sp. indet.

Figure 123a.

Fuvahmulah, 490 m;

Figure 123b.

Fuvahmulah, 490 m, in situ of collected specimen MAL1_379;

Figure 123c.

Fuvahmulah, 490 m, collected specimen MAL1_379 (Bathypathespseudoalternata sp. inc.).

Cupressopathes sp. indet.

Figure 124a.

Vaavu, 120 m;

Figure 124b.

North Male’, 60 m.

Figure 125.

Myriopathes sp. indet. 1, Vaavu, 60 m.

Pteridopathes sp. indet.

Figure 126a.

Vaavu, 123 m;

Figure 126b.

Vaavu, 123 m, collected specimen MAL1_628 (Pteridopathes sp. indet.);

Figure 126c.

Vaavu, 120 m;

Figure 126d.

Huvadhu, 120 m, in situ photo of collected specimen MAL1_075;

Figure 126e.

Huvadhu, 120 m, collected specimen MAL1_075.

Stylopathes sp. indet.

Figure 127a.

Huvadhu, 490 m;

Figure 127b.

Huvadhu, 120 m.

Parantipathes sp. indet.

Figure 128a.

Vaavu, 490 m;

Figure 128b.

Vaavu, 120 m.

Umbellapathes sp. indet.

Figure 129a.

Fuvahmulah, 490 m;

Figure 129b.

Fuvahmulah, 490 m, in situ of collected specimen MAL1_373;

Figure 129c.

Fuvahmulah, 490 m, collected specimen MAL1_373.

Antipatharia fam. indet. sp. 7

Figure 130a.

Huvadhu, 120 m, in situ photo of collected specimen MAL1_503 (Stichopathes sp. indet.);

Figure 130b.

Huvadhu, 120 m collected specimen MAL1_503 (Stichopathes sp. indet.);

Figure 130c.

Vaavu, 119 m, in situ photo of collected specimen MAL1_643 (Stichopathes sp. indet.);

Figure 130d.

Vaavu, 119 m, collected specimen MAL1_643 (Stichopathes sp. indet.);

Figure 130e.

North Male’, 120 m, in situ of MAL1_689 (Cirrhipathes sp. indet.);

Figure 130f.

North Male’, 120 m, MAL1_689 (Cirrhipathes sp. indet.).

Rhodactis sp. indet.

Figure 131a.

North Male’, 10 m;

Figure 131b.

Huvadhu, 10 m.

Astrogorgia sp. indet.

Figure 132a.

Addu, 60 m;

Figure 132b.

Addu, 60 m.

Melithaea sp. indet. 1

Figure 133a.

North Male’, 58 m;

Figure 133b.

Vaavu, 60 m.

Melithaea sp. indet. 2

Figure 134a.

Laamu, 10-30 m;

Figure 134b.

Huvadhu, 30 m.

Figure 135.

Dendronephthya sp. indet. 1, Huvadhu, 30 m.

Dendronephthya sp. indet. 4

Figure 136a.

Laamu, 120 m;

Figure 136b.

North Male’, 109 m, in situ photo of collected specimen MAL1_719;

Figure 136c.

North Male’, 109 m, collected specimen MAL1_719.

Nephtheidae gen. indet. sp. 5

Figure 137a.

Huvadhu, 120 m;

Figure 137b.

Huvadhu, 120 m.

Figure 138.

Scleronephythya sp. indet. 2, Huvadhu, 60 m.

Umbellulifera sp. indet.

Figure 139a.

North Male’, 60-120 m;

Figure 139b.

North Male’, 60-120 m.

Paramuriceidae gen. indet. sp. 1

Figure 140a.

Fuvahmulah, 490 m;

Figure 140b.

Fuvahmulah, 490 m.

Acanthogorgia sp. indet.

Figure 141a.

Fuvahmulah, 250 m, in situ photo of collected specimen MAL1_426;

Figure 141b.

Fuvahmulah, 250 m, collected specimen MAL1_426.

Plexauridae gen. indet. sp. 2

Figure 142a.

Fuvahmulah, 120 m;

Figure 142b.

Addu, 250 m;

Figure 142c.

Fiuvahmulah, 120 m.

Figure 143.

Plexauridae gen. indet. sp. 9, Addu, 60 m.

Lobophytum sp. indet.

Figure 144a.

Fuvahmulah, 2 m;

Figure 144b.

Vaavu, 2 m.

Sarcophyton sp. indet.

Figure 145a.

North Male’, 10 m;

Figure 145b.

Laamu, 30 m.

Sinulariidae gen. indet. sp. 1

Figure 146a.

North Male’, 10 m;

Figure 146b.

Huvadhu, 30 m.

Sinulariidae gen. indet. sp. 2

Figure 147a.

Huvadhu, 10 m;

Figure 147b.

Figure 147c.

Laamu, 10 m.

Figure 148.

Sinulariidae gen. indet. sp. 3, Addu, 30 m.

Sinulariidae gen. indet. sp. 4

Figure 149a.

Vaavu, 30 m;

Figure 149b.

Vaavu, 30 m;

Figure 149c.

Vaavu, 30 m.

Chironephthya sp. indet. 2

Figure 150a.

Vaavu, 121 m, in situ photo of collected specimen MAL1_632;

Figure 150b.

Vaavu, 121 m, collected specimen MAL1_632.

Subergorgiidae sp. indet. 1

Figure 151a.

Laamu, 30 m;

Figure 151b.

Huvadhu, 30 m;

Figure 151c.

Huvadhu, 60 m.

Annella sp. indet.

Figure 152a.

Huvadhu, ~ 60-90 m;

Figure 152b.

Fuvahmulah, ~ 30 m;

Figure 152c.

Vaavu, 60 m;

Figure 152d.

Fuvahmulah, ~ 90-120 m.

Subergorgia sp. indet. 2

Figure 153a.

Huvadhu, 120 m, in situ photo of collected specimen MAL1_514;

Figure 153b.

Huvadhu, 120 m, collected specimen MAL1_514;

Malacalcyonacea fam. indet. sp.

Figure 154a.

Huvadhu, 60 m;

Figure 154b.

Huvadhu, 60 m.

Ellisella sp. indet.

Figure 155a.

Vaavu, 10-30 m;

Figure 155b.

Laamu, 30 m;

Figure 155c.

Laamu, 30 m.

Nicella sp. indet.

Figure 156a.

Laamu, 114 m, in situ photo of collected specimen MAL1_052;

Figure 156b.

Laamu, 114 m, collected specimen MAL1_052;

Figure 156c.

Laamu, 60 m.

Ellisellidae gen. indet. sp. 2

Figure 157a.

Vaavu, 30 m;

Figure 157b.

Fuvahmulah, 120 m;

Figure 157c.

Huvadhu, 60 m.

Ellisellidae gen. indet. sp. 4

Figure 158a.

Addu, 30 m;

Figure 158b.

Addu, 30 m;

Figure 158c.

Huvadhu, 30 m.

Ellisellidae gen. indet. sp. 5

Figure 159a.

Addu, 243 m, in situ photo of collected specimen MAL_533;

Figure 159b.

Addu, 255 m, collected specimen MAL_305;

Figure 159c.

Fuvahmulah, 120 m.

Ellisellidae gen. indet. sp. 6

Figure 160a.

Laamu, 60 m;

Figure 160b.

Huvadhu, 120 m.

Figure 161.

Ellisellidae gen. indet. sp. 8, Addu, 60 m.

Ellisellidae gen. indet. sp. 9

Figure 162a.

Huvadhu, 120 m;

Figure 162b.

HUvadhu, 120 m.

Figure 163.

Heliopora sp. indet., Vaavu, 10 m.

Pennatuloidea gen. indet. sp.

Figure 164a.

Fuvahmulah, 490 m, in situ photo of collected specimen MAL1_367;

Figure 164b.

Fuvahmulah, 490 m, collected specimen MAL1_367;

Figure 164c.

Vaavu, 238 m, collected specimen MAL1_613;

Figure 164d.

Vaavu, 238 m, in situ photo of collected specimen MAL1_613.

Primnoidae gen. indet. sp. 1

Figure 165a.

Laamu, 490 m;

Figure 165b.

Fuvahmulah, 490 m, in situ photo of collected specimen MAL1_402;

Figure 165c.

Fuvahmulah, 490 m, collected specimen MAL1_402.

Primnoidae gen. indet. sp. 2

Figure 166a.

Laamu, 60 m;

Figure 166b.

Laamu, 60 m.

Primnoidae gen. indet. sp. 3

Figure 167a.

Huvadhu, 250 m, in situ photo of collected specimen MAL1_082;

Figure 167b.

Huvadhu, 250 m, collected specimen MAL1_082.

Primnoidae gen. indet. sp. 4

Figure 168a.

Huvadhu, 490 m;

Figure 168b.

Huvadhu, 490 m.

Primnoidae gen. indet. sp. 5

Figure 169a.

North Male’, 490 m;

Figure 169b.

North Male’, 490 m;

Figure 169c.

Huvadhu, 490 m.

Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 3

Figure 170a.

Laamu, 60 m;

Figure 170b.

Laamu, 60 m.

Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 4

Figure 171a.

Fuvahmulah, 120 m;

Figure 171b.

Fuvahmulah, 120 m.

Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 5

Figure 172a.

Laamu, 60 m;

Figure 172b.

Addu, 60 m.

Figure 173.

Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 6, Vaavu, 120 m.

Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 7

Figure 174a.

Fuvahmulah, ~ 120 m;

Figure 174b.

Vaavu, 120 m.

Figure 175.

Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 8, North Male’, 120 m.

Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 9

Figure 176a.

Vaavu, 60 m;

Figure 176b.

Vaavu, 120 m.

Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 10

Figure 177a.

Fuvahmulah, ~120 m;

Figure 177b.

Fuvahmulah, 120 m.

Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 11

Figure 178a.

Fuvahmulah, 490 m, in situ photo of collected specimen MAL1_376;

Figure 178b.

Fuvahmulah, 490 m, collected specimen MAL1_376.

Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 12

Figure 179a.

Huvadhu, 120 m, in situ photo of collected specimen MAL1_506;

Figure 179b.

Huvadhu, 120 m, collected specimen MAL1_506.

Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 13

Figure 180a.

Fuvahmulah, ~ 120 m;

Figure 180b.

Fuvahmulah, ~ 120 m.

Figure 181.

Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 14, Addu, 250 m.

Figure 182.

Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 15, Laamu, 60 m.

Figure 183.

Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 18, Vaavu, 60 m.

Figure 184.

Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 19, Fuvahmulah, 490 m.

Figure 185.

Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 20, Laamu, 60 m.

Figure 186.

Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 21, Fuvahmulah, 120 m.

Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 22

Figure 187a.

Fuvahmulah, 490 m;

Figure 187b.

Fuvahmulah, 490 m.

Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 24

Figure 188a.

Vaavu, 124 m, in situ photo of collected specimen MAL1_645;

Figure 188b.

Vaavu, 124 m, collected specimen MAL1_645.

Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 25

Figure 189a.

Laamu, 60 m;

Figure 189b.

Laamu, 60 m.

Figure 190.

Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 27, Huvadhu, 30 m.

Figure 191.

Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 29, Addu, 60 m.

Octocorallia ord. indet. sp. 31

Figure 192a.

Addu, 120 m;

Figure 192b.

Addu, 120 m.

Figure 193.

Ceriantharia stet., North Male’, 250 m.

Millepora sp. indet. 1

Figure 194a.

Addu, 30 m;

Figure 194b.

Laamu, 30 m.

Millepora sp. indet. 2

Figure 195a.

Laamu, 30 m;

Figure 195b.

Laamu, 10 m.

Millepora sp. indet. 3

Figure 196a.

Addu, 10 m;

Figure 196b.

Laamu, 30 m.

Crypthelia gen. indet. sp.

Figure 197a.

Addu, 250 m;

Figure 197b.

Huvadhu, 250 m.

Stylasteridae gen. indet. sp. 4

Figure 198a.

Addu, 120 m;

Figure 198b.

Fuvahmulah, 120 m.

Figure 199.

Stylasteridae gen. indet. sp. 5, Huvadhu, 250 m.

Figure 200.

Stylasteridae gen. indet. sp. 6, North Male’, 490 m.

Stylasteridae gen. indet. sp. 7

Figure 201a.

Addu, 250 m;

Figure 201b.

Addu, 250 m.

Stylasteridae gen. indet. sp. 8

Figure 202a.

Addu, 120 m;

Figure 202b.

Addu, 120 m.

Figure 203.

Hydrozoa ord. indet. sp. 1, North Male’, 10 m.

Figure 204.

Hydrozoa ord. indet. sp. 4, North Male’, 490 m.

Hydrozoa ord. indet. sp. 5

Figure 205a.

Addu, 490 m;

Figure 205b.

Huvadhu, 490 m.

Lyrocteis sp. indet.

Figure 206a.

Vaavu, 238 m, in situ of collected specimen MAL1_616;

Figure 206b.

Vaavu, 238 m, collected specimen MAL1_616.

Figure 207.

Tridacna sp. indet., North Male’, 10 m.

Bivalvia ord. indet. sp. 1

Figure 208a.

Fuvahmulah, 490 m;

Figure 208b.

Laamu, 490 m.

Figure 209.

Bivalvia ord. indet. sp. 2, Huvadhu, 490 m.

Figure 210.

Bivalvia ord. indet. sp. 3, Laamu, 250 m.

Octopoda fam. indet. sp.

Figure 211a.

Vaavu, 250 m;

Figure 211b.

Vaavu, 250 m.

Figure 212.

Strombidae gen. indet. sp. 1, Addu, 250 m.

Figure 213.

Strombidae gen. indet. sp. 2, Huvadhu, ~ 120-250 m.

Conoidea gen. indet. sp.

Figure 214a.

Huvadhu, 490 m;

Figure 214b.

Laamu, 490 m;

Figure 214c.

Huvadhu, 490 m.

Figure 215.

Drupella sp. indet., North Male’, 10 m.

Figure 216.

Polychaeta ord. indet. sp. 1, Addu, 250 m.

Polychaeta ord. indet. sp. 2

Figure 217a.

North Male’, 490 m;

Figure 217b.

Huvadhu, 490 m.

Figure 218.

Polychaeta ord. indet. sp. 3, Laamu, 490 m.

Figure 219.

Polychaeta ord. indet. sp. 4, Laamu, 490 m.

Figure 220.

Polychaeta ord. indet. sp. 5, North Male', 250 m.

Echiura ord. indet. sp.

Figure 221a.

Vaavu, 490 m;

Figure 221b.

Vaavu, 490 m.

Figure 222.

Galatheoidea gen. indet. sp., Fuvahmulah, 250 m.

Figure 223.

Chirostyloidea gen. indet. sp. 1, Laamu, 250 m.

Figure 224.

Chirostyloidea gen. indet. sp. 2, Vaavu, 250 m.

Figure 225.

Leucosiidae gen. indet. sp., North Male’, 490 m.

Munidopsidae gen. indet. sp.

Figure 226a.

Addu, 490 m;

Figure 226b.

Addu, 250 m.

Figure 227.

Mithracidae gen. indet. sp., North Male’, 490 m.

Homolidae gen. indet. sp.

Figure 228a.

Laamu, 490 m;

Figure 228b.

Laamu, 490 m.

Aristeidae gen. indet. sp.

Figure 230a.

Adult, Huvadhu, 490 m;

Figure 230b.

Juvenile, Vaavu, 490 m.

Figure 231.

Xanthidae gen. indet. sp., Huvadhu, 490 m.

Figure 232.

Calappidae gen. indet. sp., North Male’, 250 m.

Figure 233.

Geryonidae gen. indet. sp., Huvadhu, 490 m.

Figure 234.

Caridea fam. indet. sp., Huvadhu, 490 m.

Figure 235.

Bryozoa clas. indet. sp. 1, Vaavu, 120 m.

Figure 236.

Cellaria sp. indet., Laamu, 30 m.

Brisingidae gen. indet. sp.

Figure 237a.

Vaavu, 250 m;

Figure 237b.

Vaavu, 250 m.

Sclerasterias sp. indet.

Figure 238a.

Laamu, 60 m;

Figure 238b.

Fuvahmulah, 488 m, collected specimen MAL1_361.

Persephonaster sp. indet.

Figure 239a.

Vaavu, 494 m, collected specimen MAL1_587;

Figure 239b.

Vaavu, 494 m, collected specimen MAL1_587;

Figure 239c.

Vaavu, 494 m, in situ photo of collected specimen MAL1_587.

Figure 240.

Astropectinidae gen. indet. sp. 1, Addu, 250 m.

Astropectinidae gen. indet. sp. 2

Figure 241a.

Vaavu, 248 m, in situ of collected specimen MAL1_619;

Figure 241b.

Vaavu, 248 m, collected specimen MAL1_619.

Figure 243.

Anseropoda sp. indet., North Male’, 490 m.

Figure 244.

Paranepanthia sp. indet., Vaavu, 250 m.

Figure 246.

Asterinidae gen. indet. sp., Laamu, 250 m.

Mediaster sp. indet.

Figure 247a.

North Male', 490 m, collected specimen MAL1_669;

Figure 247b.

North Male', 490 m, in situ photo of collected specimen MAL1_669;

Figure 247c.

Huvadhu, 490 m;

Figure 247d.

Laamu, 490 m;

Figure 247e.

Vaavu, 242 m in situ photo of collected specimen of MAL1_621;

Figure 247f.

Vaavu, 242m collected specimen MAL1_621.

Ceramaster sp. indet.

Figure 248a.

Vaavu, 501 m, collected specimen MAL1_585;

Figure 248b.

Vaavu, 501 m, in situ photo of collected specimen MAL1_585;

Figure 248c.

Huvadhu, 250 m;

Figure 248d.

Vaavu, 250 m.

Figure 249.

Sphaeriodiscus sp. indet., Addu, 250 m.

Figure 250.

Nymphaster sp. indet., Vaavu, 490 m.

Goniasteridae gen. indet. sp. 4

Figure 251a.

Huvadhu, 490 m;

Figure 251b.

Huvadhu, 490 m.

Linckia sp. indet.

Figure 256a.

Huvadhu, 10 m;

Figure 256b.

Vaavu, 62m, in situ photo of collected specimen MAL1_651;

Figure 256c.

Vaavu, 62m, collected specimen MAL1_651;

Figure 256d.

Addu, 10 m, likely Linckiamultiflora;

Figure 256e.

Huvadhu, 10 m, likely L.multiflora.

Figure 257.

Asteroidea ord. indet. sp. 5, Addu, 490 m.

Asteroidea ord. indet. sp. 6

Figure 258a.

Addu, 250 m.

Ophiuroidea stet.

Figure 259a.

North Male’, 490 m;

Figure 259b.

Huvadhu, 490 m;

Figure 259c.

Addu, 490 m.

Crinoidea ord. indet. sp. 1

Figure 260a.

Addu, 250 m;

Figure 260b.

Huvadhu, 250 m.

Figure 261.

Crinoidea ord. indet. sp. 2, Vaavu, 490 m.

Crinoidea ord. indet. sp. 3

Figure 262a.

Fuvahmulah, ~ 490 m, collected specimen MAL1_398;

Figure 262b.

Fuvahmulah, ~ 490 m, in situ photo of collected specimen MAL1_398;

Figure 262c.

Huvadhu, ~ 490 m.

Micropyga sp. indet.

Figure 263a.

Huvadhu, 250 m;

Figure 263b.

Vaavu, 490 m;

Figure 263c.

Laamu, 246 m, in situ photo of collected specimen MAL1_541;

Figure 263d.

Laamu, 246 m, collected specimen MAL1_541.

Cidaroida fam. indet. sp. 1

Figure 264a.

Huvadhu, 490 m;

Figure 264b.

Laamu, 250 m.

Cidaroida fam. indet. sp. 2

Figure 265a.

Fuvahmulah, 250 m, collected specimen MAL1_420;

Figure 265b.

Fuvahmulah, 250 m, in situ photo of collected specimen MAL1_420;

Figure 265c.

Vaavu, 250 m.

Clypeaster sp. indet.

Figure 266a.

Vaavu, 246 m, collected specimen MAL1_607;

Figure 266b.

Vaavu, 246 m, in situ photo of collected specimen MAL1_607;

Figure 266c.

Vaavu, 250 m.

Echinoidea ord. indet. sp. 1

Figure 268a.

Vaavu, 120 m.

Figure 269.

Echinoidea ord. indet. sp. 2, Laamu, 490 m.

Spatangoida fam. indet. sp.

Figure 270a.

North Male’, 120 m;

Figure 270b.

North Male’, 120 m.

Figure 274.

Holothuroidea ord. indet. sp. 3, Huvadhu, 490 m.

Holothuroidea ord. indet. sp. 4

Figure 275a.

Vaavu, 233 m, collected specimen MAL1_648;

Figure 275b.

Vaavu, 233 m, in situ photo of collected specimen MAL1_648;

Figure 275c.

North Male’, 250 m.

Holothuroidea ord. indet. sp. 5

Figure 276a.

Vaavu, 496 m, in situ photo of collected specimen MAL1_589;

Figure 276b.

Vaavu, 496 m, collected specimen MAL1_589.

Holothuroidea ord. indet. sp. 6

Figure 277a.

North Male’, 250 m;

Figure 277b.

Vaavu, 481 m, collected specimen MAL1_593;

Figure 277c.

Vaavu, 490 m.

Holothuroidea ord. indet. sp. 7

Figure 278a.

North Male’, collected specimen 490 m, MAL1_672;

Figure 278b.

North Male’, 490 m in situ photo of collected specimen MAL1_672;

Figure 278c.

North Male’, 490 m.

Figure 279.

Holothuroidea ord. indet. sp. 8, Vaavu, 490 m.

Figure 280.

Holothuroidea ord. indet. sp. 9, Fuvahmulah, 490 m.

Figure 282.

Ascidiacea ord. indet. sp. 1, Fuvahmulah, 120 m.

Figure 283.

Ascidiacea ord. indet. sp. 2, Addu, 10 m.

Unknown sp. indet. 1

Figure 284a.

Huvadhu, 120 m;

Figure 284b.

Vaavu, 120 m;

Figure 284c.

Addu, 120 m, in situ photo of collected specimen MAL1_261;

Figure 284d.

Addu, 120 m, ex situ photo of collected specimen MAL1_261.

Author contributions

LCW, PVS, MA and SN designed fieldwork data collection and, together with FA, HA and NRS, collected the video and biological specimens in the field. FA and PVS annotated the collected footage and placed them into an initial set of morphotypes. Further taxonomic identification was conducted in collaboration with EG (Antipatharia), CM (Asteroidea), HA and MSA (Scleractinia) and TS (Porifera). FA wrote the main manuscript text with assistance from PVS and NDV. FA prepared all the morphotype figures. All authors reviewed and commented on the manuscript and gave final approval for publication.