Table 3.

Comparison of in vitro models showing advantages and disadvantages.

Model	Advantages	Disadvantages
2D cell culture	-Fast proliferation -Easy culture set-up -Very good reproducibility -Suitable for high throughput -Relatively low cost	-Monolayer system -Absent concentration gradient -Different cellular morphology and molecular mechanisms vs. in vivo -Limited cell–matrix interactions
3D matrix cell culture	-Better mimicking of tissue stiffness -Good cell–matrix interactions -Possibility of co-culture systems -Presence of concentration gradients -Similar morphological and physiological characteristics compared to in vivo	-Complex culture set-up -Most models do not fully reconstitute all cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions, or functionality, of the skin -Skilled personnel are required -Expensive
3D bioprinting	-Custom-made architecture -Multiple co-culture possibilities -Better reproduction of tissue heterogeneity -High-throughput production	-Limited choice of materials which depend on the bioprinting system -More expensive