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. 2024 Jul 8;12(7):1520. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12071520

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Pathophysiological mechanisms of emerging biomarkers in inflammatory bowel disease. Abbreviations: PGE-MUM—prostaglandin E-major urinary metabolite; miRNA—micro RNA; NF-κB—Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells; COX-2—cyclooxygenase-2; PGE2—prostaglandin E2.