Figure 1.

Simplified diagram explaining the pathogenesis of sepsis from a classical perspective and treatment strategies. This diagram depicts the classical pathogenesis of sepsis, underscoring the activation of the innate immune system by PAMPs via TLRs. It delineates how this activation can escalate into cytokine storms, causing systemic inflammation and multiorgan failure. Various therapeutic strategies based on this classical understanding are illustrated below, including TLR inhibitors, alkaline phosphatase, CytoSorb, polymyxin B, anti-TNF-α monoclonal antibodies, IL-1β receptor inhibitors, IL-6 antagonists, and glucocorticoids. Each treatment is positioned underneath the process it targets.