Skip to main content
Occupational and Environmental Medicine logoLink to Occupational and Environmental Medicine
. 1995 Feb;52(2):124–128. doi: 10.1136/oem.52.2.124

People with high mercury uptake from their own dental amalgam fillings.

L Barregård 1, G Sällsten 1, B Järvholm 1
PMCID: PMC1128166  PMID: 7757165

Abstract

OBJECTIVES--To describe people with high mercury (Hg) uptake from their amalgam fillings, and to estimate the possible fraction of the occupationally unexposed Swedish population with high excretion of urinary Hg. METHODS--Three case reports are presented. The distribution of excretion of urinary Hg in the general population was examined in pooled data from several sources. RESULTS--The three cases excreted 23-60 micrograms of Hg/day (25-54 micrograms/g creatinine), indicating daily uptake of Hg as high as 100 micrograms. Blood Hg was 12-23 micrograms/l, which is five to 10 times the average in the general population. No other sources of exposure were found, and removal of the amalgam fillings resulted in normal Hg concentrations. Chewing gum and bruxism were the probable reasons for the increased Hg uptake. Extrapolations from data on urinary Hg in the general population indicate that the number of people with urinary excretion of > or = 50 micrograms/g creatinine could in fact be larger than the number of workers with equivalent exposure from occupational sources. CONCLUSION--Although the average daily Hg uptake from dental amalgam fillings is low, there is a considerable variation between people; certain people have a high mercury uptake from their amalgam fillings.

Full text

PDF
124

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Abraham J. E., Svare C. W., Frank C. W. The effect of dental amalgam restorations on blood mercury levels. J Dent Res. 1984 Jan;63(1):71–73. doi: 10.1177/00220345840630011801. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Akesson I., Schutz A., Attewell R., Skerfving S., Glantz P. O. Status of mercury and selenium in dental personnel: impact of amalgam work and own fillings. Arch Environ Health. 1991 Mar-Apr;46(2):102–109. doi: 10.1080/00039896.1991.9937436. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. BIDSTRUP P. L., BONNELL J. A., HARVEY D. G., LOCKET S. Chronic mercury poisoning in men repairing direct-current meters. Lancet. 1951 Nov 10;2(6689):856–861. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(51)91825-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Barregård L., Hultberg B., Schütz A., Sällsten G. Enzymuria in workers exposed to inorganic mercury. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1988;61(1-2):65–69. doi: 10.1007/BF00381609. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Berglund A. Estimation by a 24-hour study of the daily dose of intra-oral mercury vapor inhaled after release from dental amalgam. J Dent Res. 1990 Oct;69(10):1646–1651. doi: 10.1177/00220345900690100401. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Berglund A., Pohl L., Olsson S., Bergman M. Determination of the rate of release of intra-oral mercury vapor from amalgam. J Dent Res. 1988 Sep;67(9):1235–1242. doi: 10.1177/00220345880670091701. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Koch A. L. The logarithm in biology. II. Distributions simulating the log-normal. J Theor Biol. 1969 May;23(2):251–268. doi: 10.1016/0022-5193(69)90040-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Langworth S., Almkvist O., Söderman E., Wikström B. O. Effects of occupational exposure to mercury vapour on the central nervous system. Br J Ind Med. 1992 Aug;49(8):545–555. doi: 10.1136/oem.49.8.545. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Langworth S., Elinder C. G., Göthe C. J., Vesterberg O. Biological monitoring of environmental and occupational exposure to mercury. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1991;63(3):161–167. doi: 10.1007/BF00381563. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Langworth S., Elinder C. G., Sundqvist K. G. Minor effects of low exposure to inorganic mercury on the human immune system. Scand J Work Environ Health. 1993 Dec;19(6):405–413. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.1454. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Molin M., Bergman B., Marklund S. L., Schütz A., Skerfving S. Mercury, selenium, and glutathione peroxidase before and after amalgam removal in man. Acta Odontol Scand. 1990 Jun;48(3):189–202. doi: 10.3109/00016359009005875. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Molin M., Schütz A., Skerfving S., Sällsten G. Mobilized mercury in subjects with varying exposure to elemental mercury vapour. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1991;63(3):187–192. doi: 10.1007/BF00381567. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Nilsson B., Nilsson B. Mercury in dental practice. II. Urinary mercury excretion in dental personnel. Swed Dent J. 1986;10(6):221–232. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Patterson J. E., Weissberg B. G., Dennison P. J. Mercury in human breath from dental amalgams. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 1985 Apr;34(4):459–468. doi: 10.1007/BF01609761. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Rahola T., Hattula T., Korolainen A., Miettinen J. K. Elimination of free and protein-bound ionic mercury (20Hg2+) in man. Ann Clin Res. 1973 Aug;5(4):214–219. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Rappaport S. M. Assessment of long-term exposures to toxic substances in air. Ann Occup Hyg. 1991 Feb;35(1):61–121. doi: 10.1093/annhyg/35.1.61. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Roels H., Gennart J. P., Lauwerys R., Buchet J. P., Malchaire J., Bernard A. Surveillance of workers exposed to mercury vapour:validation of a previously proposed biological threshold limit value for mercury concentration in urine. Am J Ind Med. 1985;7(1):45–71. doi: 10.1002/ajim.4700070106. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Roels H., Lauwerys R., Buchet J. P., Bernard A., Barthels A., Oversteyns M., Gaussin J. Comparison of renal function and psychomotor performance in workers exposed to elemental mercury. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 1982;50(1):77–93. doi: 10.1007/BF00432495. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Smith R. G., Vorwald A. J., Patil L. S., Mooney T. F., Jr Effects of exposure to mercury in the manufacture of chlorine. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J. 1970 Nov-Dec;31(6):687–700. doi: 10.1080/0002889708506315. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Svare C. W., Peterson L. C., Reinhardt J. W., Boyer D. B., Frank C. W., Gay D. D., Cox R. D. The effect of dental amalgams on mercury levels in expired air. J Dent Res. 1981 Sep;60(9):1668–1671. doi: 10.1177/00220345810600090601. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Sällsten G., Barregård L., Osterberg T. Tandgnissling hos amalgambärare--en orsak till hög kvicksilverutsöndring? Lakartidningen. 1991 Jan 23;88(4):232–233. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Vesterberg O. Automatic method for quantitation of mercury in blood, plasma and urine. J Biochem Biophys Methods. 1991 Oct-Nov;23(3):227–235. doi: 10.1016/0165-022x(91)90015-o. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Vimy M. J., Lorscheider F. L. Serial measurements of intra-oral air mercury: estimation of daily dose from dental amalgam. J Dent Res. 1985 Aug;64(8):1072–1075. doi: 10.1177/00220345850640081001. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Occupational and Environmental Medicine are provided here courtesy of BMJ Publishing Group

RESOURCES