Table 3.

Evidence summary for studies on pharmacist-prescribed contraception: patient perspectives (6 studies).

Author, year	Study design	Population (response rate)	Law or policy	Outcomes	Quality
Landau, 2006 [3]	Cross-sectional telephone survey	Women at risk for unintended pregnancy, ages 18–44, US 811 (37%)	Pharmacist-prescribed contraception, prior to passage of laws in any state	Interest (support) Motivators Barriers	Selection bias: High Information bias: High Analysis bias: Low Generalizability: Poor
Grindlay, 2014 [33]	Cross-sectional electronic survey	Women seeking abortion, ages 15–46, urban abortion clinics, 6 states 651/757 (86%)	Pharmacist-prescribed contraception, prior to passage of laws in any state	Interest	Selection bias: Moderate Information bias: High Analysis bias: Low Generalizability: Fair
Wilkinson, 2018 [34]	Telephone interviews	Adolescent women, ages 18–19, California n =30	Pharmacist-prescribed contraception, prior to implementation of California law	Interest (support) Motivators Barriers	Selection bias: High Information bias: High Analysis bias: Low Generalizability: Poor
Gardner, 2008 [2]	Interviews in a longitudinal community-based intervention	Women, ages 18–44, Metropolitan Seattle 175/195 (90%) at 1-month follow-up, 127/195 (65%) at 12-month follow-up	Direct access to contraception through collaborative drug therapy agreements, which Washington pharmacy act has allowed since 1979	Motivators Comfort	Selection bias: High Information bias: High Analysis bias: High Generalizability: Poor
Manski, 2015 [22]	Cross-sectional electronic survey	Adolescent women, ages 14–17, US n = 348	Pharmacist-prescribed oral contraception, prior to passage of laws in any state	Interest (support)	Selection bias: High Information bias: Moderate Analysis bias: Low Generalizability: Poor
Grossman, 2013 [23]	Cross-sectional electronic survey	Women at risk for unintended pregnancy, ages 18–44, US 4487/7989 (56%) at initial screening, 2120/4487 (47%) met inclusion criteria, 2046/2120 (97%) participated	Pharmacist-prescribed oral contraception, prior to passage of laws in any state	Interest	Selection bias: High Information bias: Moderate Analysis bias: Low Generalizability: Poor