Skip to main content
Thorax logoLink to Thorax
. 1995 Sep;50(Suppl 1):S43–S48. doi: 10.1136/thx.50.suppl_1.s43

Chlamydia pneumoniae: defining the clinical spectrum of infection requires precise laboratory diagnosis.

S J Bourke 1, N F Lightfoot 1
PMCID: PMC1129015  PMID: 7570463

Full text

PDF
S43

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Allegra L., Blasi F., Centanni S., Cosentini R., Denti F., Raccanelli R., Tarsia P., Valenti V. Acute exacerbations of asthma in adults: role of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection. Eur Respir J. 1994 Dec;7(12):2165–2168. doi: 10.1183/09031936.94.07122165. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Augenbraun M. H., Roblin P. M., Chirgwin K., Landman D., Hammerschlag M. R. Isolation of Chlamydia pneumoniae from the lungs of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. J Clin Microbiol. 1991 Feb;29(2):401–402. doi: 10.1128/jcm.29.2.401-402.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Augenbraun M. H., Roblin P. M., Mandel L. J., Hammerschlag M. R., Schachter J. Chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia with pleural effusion: diagnosis by culture. Am J Med. 1991 Oct;91(4):437–438. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(91)90165-t. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Beaty C. D., Grayston J. T., Wang S. P., Kuo C. C., Reto C. S., Martin T. R. Chlamydia pneumoniae, strain TWAR, infection in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1991 Dec;144(6):1408–1410. doi: 10.1164/ajrccm/144.6.1408. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Ben-Yaakov M., Lazarovich Z., Beer S., Levin A., Shoham I., Boldur I. Prevalence of Chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies in patients with acute respiratory infections in Israel. J Clin Pathol. 1994 Mar;47(3):232–235. doi: 10.1136/jcp.47.3.232. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Blasi F., Legnani D., Lombardo V. M., Negretto G. G., Magliano E., Pozzoli R., Chiodo F., Fasoli A., Allegra L. Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in acute exacerbations of COPD. Eur Respir J. 1993 Jan;6(1):19–22. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Bourke S. J., Carrington D., Frew C. E., McSharry C. P., Boyd G. A comparison of the seroepidemiology of chlamydial infection in pigeon fanciers and farmers in the U.K. J Infect. 1992 Jul;25 (Suppl 1):91–98. doi: 10.1016/0163-4453(92)92192-l. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Bourke S. J., Carrington D., Frew C. E., Stevenson R. D., Banham S. W. Serological cross-reactivity among chlamydial strains in a family outbreak of psittacosis. J Infect. 1989 Jul;19(1):41–45. doi: 10.1016/s0163-4453(89)94824-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Braun J., Laitko S., Treharne J., Eggens U., Wu P., Distler A., Sieper J. Chlamydia pneumoniae--a new causative agent of reactive arthritis and undifferentiated oligoarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1994 Feb;53(2):100–105. doi: 10.1136/ard.53.2.100. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Chirgwin K., Roblin P. M., Gelling M., Hammerschlag M. R., Schachter J. Infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae in Brooklyn. J Infect Dis. 1991 Apr;163(4):757–761. doi: 10.1093/infdis/163.4.757. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Clark R., Mushatt D., Fazal B. Case report: Chlamydia pneumoniae pneumonia in an HIV-infected man. Am J Med Sci. 1991 Sep;302(3):155–156. doi: 10.1097/00000441-199109000-00007. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Emre U., Roblin P. M., Gelling M., Dumornay W., Rao M., Hammerschlag M. R., Schachter J. The association of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection and reactive airway disease in children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1994 Jul;148(7):727–732. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1994.02170070065013. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Falsey A. R., Walsh E. E. Transmission of Chlamydia pneumoniae. J Infect Dis. 1993 Aug;168(2):493–496. doi: 10.1093/infdis/168.2.493. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Fenelon L. E., Mumtaz G., Ridgway G. L. The in-vitro antibiotic susceptibility of Chlamydia pneumoniae. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1990 Dec;26(6):763–767. doi: 10.1093/jac/26.6.763. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Frydén A., Kihlström E., Maller R., Persson K., Romanus V., Anséhn S. A clinical and epidemiological study of "ornithosis" caused by Chlamydia psittaci and Chlamydia pneumoniae (strain TWAR). Scand J Infect Dis. 1989;21(6):681–691. doi: 10.3109/00365548909021698. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Gaydos C. A., Roblin P. M., Hammerschlag M. R., Hyman C. L., Eiden J. J., Schachter J., Quinn T. C. Diagnostic utility of PCR-enzyme immunoassay, culture, and serology for detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. J Clin Microbiol. 1994 Apr;32(4):903–905. doi: 10.1128/jcm.32.4.903-905.1994. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Ghosh K., Frew C. E., Carrington D. A family outbreak of Chlamydia pneumoniae infection. J Infect. 1992 Jul;25 (Suppl 1):99–103. doi: 10.1016/0163-4453(92)92223-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Gnarpe J., Gnarpe H., Sundelöf B. Endemic prevalence of Chlamydia pneumoniae in subjectively healthy persons. Scand J Infect Dis. 1991;23(3):387–388. doi: 10.3109/00365549109024328. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Grayston J. T., Aldous M. B., Easton A., Wang S. P., Kuo C. C., Campbell L. A., Altman J. Evidence that Chlamydia pneumoniae causes pneumonia and bronchitis. J Infect Dis. 1993 Nov;168(5):1231–1235. doi: 10.1093/infdis/168.5.1231. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Grayston J. T. Chlamydia pneumoniae, strain TWAR. Chest. 1989 Mar;95(3):664–669. doi: 10.1378/chest.95.3.664. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Grayston J. T., Diwan V. K., Cooney M., Wang S. P. Community- and hospital-acquired pneumonia associated with Chlamydia TWAR infection demonstrated serologically. Arch Intern Med. 1989 Jan;149(1):169–173. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Grayston J. T., Kuo C. C., Campbell L. A., Benditt E. P. Chlamydia pneumoniae, strain TWAR and atherosclerosis. Eur Heart J. 1993 Dec;14 (Suppl K):66–71. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Grayston J. T., Kuo C. C., Wang S. P., Altman J. A new Chlamydia psittaci strain, TWAR, isolated in acute respiratory tract infections. N Engl J Med. 1986 Jul 17;315(3):161–168. doi: 10.1056/NEJM198607173150305. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Hahn D. L., Dodge R. W., Golubjatnikov R. Association of Chlamydia pneumoniae (strain TWAR) infection with wheezing, asthmatic bronchitis, and adult-onset asthma. JAMA. 1991 Jul 10;266(2):225–230. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Hahn D. L., Golubjatnikov R. Asthma and chlamydial infection: a case series. J Fam Pract. 1994 Jun;38(6):589–595. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Haidl S., Ivarsson S., Bjerre I., Persson K. Guillain-Barré syndrome after Chlamydia pneumoniae infection. N Engl J Med. 1992 Feb 20;326(8):576–577. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Hammerschlag M. R., Chirgwin K., Roblin P. M., Gelling M., Dumornay W., Mandel L., Smith P., Schachter J. Persistent infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae following acute respiratory illness. Clin Infect Dis. 1992 Jan;14(1):178–182. doi: 10.1093/clinids/14.1.178. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Kleemola M., Saikku P., Visakorpi R., Wang S. P., Grayston J. T. Epidemics of pneumonia caused by TWAR, a new Chlamydia organism, in military trainees in Finland. J Infect Dis. 1988 Feb;157(2):230–236. doi: 10.1093/infdis/157.2.230. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Kuo C. C., Shor A., Campbell L. A., Fukushi H., Patton D. L., Grayston J. T. Demonstration of Chlamydia pneumoniae in atherosclerotic lesions of coronary arteries. J Infect Dis. 1993 Apr;167(4):841–849. doi: 10.1093/infdis/167.4.841. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Leinonen M., Linnanmäki E., Mattila K., Nieminen M. S., Valtonen V., Leirisalo-Repo M., Saikku P. Circulating immune complexes containing chlamydial lipopolysaccharide in acute myocardial infarction. Microb Pathog. 1990 Jul;9(1):67–73. doi: 10.1016/0882-4010(90)90042-o. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Linnanmäki E., Leinonen M., Mattila K., Nieminen M. S., Valtonen V., Saikku P. Chlamydia pneumoniae-specific circulating immune complexes in patients with chronic coronary heart disease. Circulation. 1993 Apr;87(4):1130–1134. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.87.4.1130. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Marrie T. J., Grayston J. T., Wang S. P., Kuo C. C. Pneumonia associated with the TWAR strain of Chlamydia. Ann Intern Med. 1987 Apr;106(4):507–511. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-106-4-507. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Marrie T. J., Harczy M., Mann O. E., Landymore R. W., Raza A., Wang S. P., Grayston J. T. Culture-negative endocarditis probably due to Chlamydia pneumoniae. J Infect Dis. 1990 Jan;161(1):127–129. doi: 10.1093/infdis/161.1.127. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Melnick S. L., Shahar E., Folsom A. R., Grayston J. T., Sorlie P. D., Wang S. P., Szklo M. Past infection by Chlamydia pneumoniae strain TWAR and asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study Investigators. Am J Med. 1993 Nov;95(5):499–504. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(93)90332-j. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Mendall M. A., Carrington D., Strachan D., Patel P., Molineaux N., Levi J., Toosey T., Camm A. J., Northfield T. C. Chlamydia pneumoniae: risk factors for seropositivity and association with coronary heart disease. J Infect. 1995 Mar;30(2):121–128. doi: 10.1016/s0163-4453(95)80006-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Mendall M. A., Goggin P. M., Molineaux N., Levy J., Toosy T., Strachan D., Camm A. J., Northfield T. C. Relation of Helicobacter pylori infection and coronary heart disease. Br Heart J. 1994 May;71(5):437–439. doi: 10.1136/hrt.71.5.437. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Roblin P. M., Montalban G., Hammerschlag M. R. Susceptibilities to clarithromycin and erythromycin of isolates of Chlamydia pneumoniae from children with pneumonia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1994 Jul;38(7):1588–1589. doi: 10.1128/aac.38.7.1588. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Saikku P., Leinonen M., Mattila K., Ekman M. R., Nieminen M. S., Mäkelä P. H., Huttunen J. K., Valtonen V. Serological evidence of an association of a novel Chlamydia, TWAR, with chronic coronary heart disease and acute myocardial infarction. Lancet. 1988 Oct 29;2(8618):983–986. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(88)90741-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Sillis M., White P., Caul E. O., Paul I. D., Treharne J. D. The differentiation of Chlamydia species by antigen detection in sputum specimens from patients with community-acquired acute respiratory infections. J Infect. 1992 Jul;25 (Suppl 1):77–86. doi: 10.1016/0163-4453(92)92130-b. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Socan M., Beovic B., Kese D. Chlamydia pneumonia and meningoencephalitis. N Engl J Med. 1994 Aug 11;331(6):406–406. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199408113310618. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Thom D. H., Grayston J. T., Siscovick D. S., Wang S. P., Weiss N. S., Daling J. R. Association of prior infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae and angiographically demonstrated coronary artery disease. JAMA. 1992 Jul 1;268(1):68–72. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Tong C. Y., Sillis M. Detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae and Chlamydia psittaci in sputum samples by PCR. J Clin Pathol. 1993 Apr;46(4):313–317. doi: 10.1136/jcp.46.4.313. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Wesslén L., Påhlson C., Friman G., Fohlman J., Lindquist O., Johansson C. Myocarditis caused by Chlamydia pneumoniae (TWAR) and sudden unexpected death in a Swedish elite orienteer. Lancet. 1992 Aug 15;340(8816):427–428. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(92)91509-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Yamazaki T., Nakada H., Sakurai N., Kuo C. C., Wang S. P., Grayston J. T. Transmission of Chlamydia pneumoniae in young children in a Japanese family. J Infect Dis. 1990 Dec;162(6):1390–1392. doi: 10.1093/infdis/162.6.1390. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Thorax are provided here courtesy of BMJ Publishing Group

RESOURCES