Abstract
Background
The incidence of RCC is increasing worldwide. For most patients with localized RCC, surgery remains the preferred treatment option. We aimed to investigate whether international trends towards minimally invasive procedures and nephron-sparing surgery are reflected in Germany.
Methods
Pseudonymized inpatient billing data from the AOK (Allgemeine Ortskrankenkassen), a non-profit oriented health insurance organization in Germany, was used for the conduct of the study. A total of 43,936 RCC cases were identified in which either a partial nephrectomy (PN, n = 20,030) or radical nephrectomy (RN, n = 21,906) was performed between 2012 and 2021. The proportions of different surgical procedures over time, as well as mortality (90 days), transfusion rate, reinterventions, and general postsurgical complications (30 days), were evaluated. Due to the use of pseudonymized data, no ethics vote was required.
Results
During the period of observation, there was a significant shift from RN to PN, with an increase in the proportion of PN among all procedures from 41.0% (1,918/4,684) in 2012 to 57.4% (2,274/3,960) in 2021 (p <0.001). Open surgery decreased for PN and RN but still accounted for the majority of all procedures (2021: 53.2% of PN and 65% of RN). Mortality was higher among patients with RN compared to PN (in hospital: 1.9% vs. 0.6%, 90 days: 4.7% vs. 1.2%). While general complication rates were similar (19.4% after PN versus 20.4% after RN), the reintervention rate was slightly higher after PN at 10.7% than after RN at 7.9%. Transfusion rates decreased significantly in several subgroups, favoring PN and minimally invasive approaches. Open surgical procedures were associated with higher unadjusted complication rates.
Conclusions
Despite shifts in favor of nephron-sparing surgery and minimally invasive surgery during the study period, open surgery remained the dominant surgical option for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma in Germany as of 2021. The adoption of laparoscopic and robotic-assisted techniques appears to reduce overall perioperative morbidity and consequently improve the quality of care in Germany. Further studies are required to examine patient level trends between type of surgical procedure, complication rates, and oncologic outcomes. Optimizing the assessment of the quality of care would enable further improvement of the quality itself.
Keywords: RCC, partial nephrectomy, nephrectomy, robotic-assisted surgery, laparoscopic surgery, open surgery