1Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, Institute
for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology
(QST), Chiba 263-8555, Japan
2Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka
565-0871, Japan
3Department of Charged Particle Therapy Research, Institute
for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology
(QST), Chiba 263-8555, Japan
4Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University
Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
5Independent Researcher, Rome, Italy
6Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN)-Roma 1, Rome,
Italy
7Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Washington,
WA 98195-6043, USA
8Veksler and Baldin Laboratory of High Energy Physics, Joint
Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia
9Institute of System Analysis and Management, Dubna State
University, 141980 Dubna, Russia
10Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin, Universidade Estadual
de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
11INSERM, Université Paul Sabatier, UMR 1037, CRCT,
Toulouse, France
12Université Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, UMR 1037,
CRCT, Toulouse, France
13Department of Physics and Astronomy, Swinburne University
of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
14Centre For Medical Radiation Physics, University of
Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia
15Department of Radiation Science and Technology, Delft
University of Technology, The Netherlands
16Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute
of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
17Medical Physics Laboratory, Department of Medicine,
University of Ioannina, GR 45110, Ioannina, Greece
18Saint Joseph University of Beirut, UR
Mathématiques et Modélisation, Beirut, Lebanon
19Geant4 Associates International Ltd, Hebden Bridge,
UK
20Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
21Independent Researcher, Bordeaux, France
22Independent Researcher, Victoria, Australia
23Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, LP2I Bordeaux, UMR 5797, F-33170
Gradignan, France
24Independent Researcher, Paris, France
25ESA-ESTEC, Noordwijk, The Netherlands
26IRSN, Institut de Radioprotection et de Surete Nucleaire,
92262 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
27Department of Radiation Oncology, University of
California San Francisco, San Francisco 94143, CA, USA
28Physics Division, Department of Radiation Oncology,
Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
aFormerly Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
*Corresponding author at: Department of Accelerator
and Medical Physics, Institute for Quantum Medical Science, National Institutes
for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba-shi,
Chiba, 263-8555, Japan. sakata.dousatsu@qst.go.jp,
dousatsu@sahs.med.osaka-u.ac.jp,
dosatsu.sakata@cern.ch (D. Sakata).
