Figure 1. Educational attainment and symptoms of anxiety.

Standard deviation (SD) changes in the anxiety score and its 95% confidence interval per SD increase in years of education are shown. Estimated associations are displayed for ordinary least square regression (OLS) and Mendelian randomization models. Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation unit; OLS EA, ordinary least square regression model with educational attainment as exposure; OLS PGS-edu, ordinary least square regression model with the educational attainment polygenic score as exposure; 1SMR, one-sample Mendelian randomization.