Fig. 2.

Associations between socioeconomic status and progression of psychological and cognitive multimorbidities after onset of a specific physical condition. PP-MM, physical-psychological multimorbidity; PC-MM, physical-cognitive multimorbidity; PPC-MM, physical-psychological-cognitive multimorbidity. Socioeconomic status is a summed score (ranging 0–5) of educational level (0, 1, or 2) and total household wealth quartile (0, 1, 2, or 3), categorized into four groups: low (0), lower-middle (1–2), upper-middle (3–4) and high socioeconomic status (5). The reference group is high socioeconomic status. Numbers are subdistribution hazard ratios for psychological and cognitive multimorbidities after each new-onset condition stratified by socioeconomic status; ∗indicates statistical significance at p < 0.05. Models were adjusted for age, sex, study and physical comorbidity.