Skip to main content
Journal of Zhejiang University (Medical Sciences) logoLink to Journal of Zhejiang University (Medical Sciences)
. 2024 Jun 13;53(3):351–357. [Article in Chinese] doi: 10.3724/zdxbyxb-2023-0568

输卵管部分切除术联合端端吻合术影响患者输卵管通畅性和妊娠的相关因素分析

Risk factors for tubal patency and their impact on pregnancy rate after partial salpingectomy and end-to-end anastomosis

XU Wei 1,3, DING Junshan 1, LIU Aizhen 1,✉,
Editors: 余 方, 沈 敏
PMCID: PMC11348686  PMID: 38899360

Abstract

Objective

To explore the risk factors for tubal patency after partial salpingectomy and end-to-end anastomosis, and their impact on pregnancy outcomes.

Methods

A total of 300 patients with tubal pregnancy who underwent partial salpingectomy and end-to-end anastomosis in Zhengzhou Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2020 to April 2023 were enrolled in the study. Hysterosalpingography was performed after surgical treatment to examine the tubal patency. Lasso-Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for postoperative tubal patency, and Spearman’s correlation was used to analyze the impact of each risk factor on the pregnancy rate.

Results

Hysterosalpingography showed that the fallopian tube was not obstructed in 225 cases (unobstructed group), the tube was not completely patent (n=54) or blocked (n=21) (obstructed group). Univariate analysis showed that age, diameter of the tubal pregnancy sac, location of tubal pregnancy, timing of surgery, pelvic adhesion, anastomotic method, length of remaining tubal, history of pelvic surgery, number of intraoperative electrocoagulation, intraoperative blood loss, and experience of surgeons were factors affecting postoperative tubal patency (all P<0.01). Lasso regression analysis identified location of tubal pregnancy, pelvic adhesion, anastomotic method, length of remaining tubal, history of pelvic surgery, number of intraoperative electrocoagulation, and experience of surgeons as influencing factors. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that tubal isthmus pregnancy, pelvic adhesion, open anastomosis surgery, history of pelvic surgery, and number of intraoperative electrocoagulation were independent risk factors for postoperative tubal patency, while length of remaining tubal and years of surgeon’s work experience were independent protective factors for postoperative tubal patency (all P<0.01). A total of 295 patients were followed up for 1 year, 192 cases (65.08%) were pregnant, including 172 cases of intrauterine pregnancy (89.58%) and 20 cases of ectopic pregnancy (10.42%). Spearman correlation analysis showed that tubal isthmus pregnancy, pelvic adhesion, open abdominal anastomosis surgery, pelvic surgery history, and times of intraoperative electrocoagulation were negatively correlated with postoperative pregnancy, while the remaining tubal length and years of surgeon’s working experience were positively correlated with postoperative pregnancy rate (all P<0.01).

Conclusions

For tubal patency of patients after partial salpingectomy combined with end-to-end anastomosis, the history of tubal isthmus pregnancy, pelvic adhesion, open abdominal anastomosis, pelvic surgery, and the number of intraoperative electrocoagulation are independent risk factors, which are negatively correlated with postoperative pregnancy. The remaining tubal length and the years of surgeon’s work experience are independent protective factors, which are positively correlated with postoperative pregnancy.

Keywords: Tubal pregnancy, Salpingectomy, End-to-end anastomosis of ovarian tube, Tubal patency, Influencing factor, Pregnancy outcome


异位妊娠是妇产科常见的疾病,在所有妊娠中占1.5%~2.0%,其中90%以上为输卵管妊娠,一旦发生输卵管妊娠病灶破裂,便可能引发腹腔内严重出血,须及时终止妊娠1-2。目前,手术是终止输卵管妊娠的主要方式,其中输卵管部分切除术联合端端吻合术能在切除输卵管妊娠病灶的同时保留患侧输卵管,在育龄期及有生育需求的患者中得到广泛认可3-4。但有学者认为,部分患者经输卵管部分切除术联合端端吻合术治疗后输卵管通畅性受到影响,从而导致术后无法成功妊娠,妊娠率显著降低5。因此,明确此类手术后输卵管通畅性的风险因素可以为保障输卵管通畅、提高术后妊娠率提供参考。本研究通过病例回顾性分析,尝试探讨输卵管部分切除术联合输卵管端端吻合术后患者输卵管通畅性和妊娠的影响因素。

1. 材料与方法

1.1. 研究对象

选取2020年1月至2023年4月郑州市妇幼保健院的输卵管妊娠患者进行研究。病例纳入标准:①β-hCG阳性;②超声检查显示为输卵管妊娠;③经造影检查显示另一侧输卵管通畅;④有生育需求;⑤具备手术指征;⑥有腹腔内出血征象或生命体征不稳定,异位妊娠有进展(如有胎心搏动、附件区大包块、血β-hCG>300 U/L);⑦配偶精子质量正常、生育功能正常。病例排除标准:①输卵管妊娠病灶破裂;②心肝肾等重要脏器功能性障碍;③存在手术禁忌;④输卵管妊娠并发休克;⑤2019冠状病毒病患者;⑥受2019冠状病毒病疫情影响无法配合研究及随访者。

根据公式n=(Z 1- α /2/Δ2×P×(1-P)估算样本量,其中Z 1- α /2取值为1.96,Δ取值为0.05,P取值为0.25,得出最小样本量为289。最终纳入300例输卵管妊娠患者进行研究。患者年龄20~39岁,平均为(29.53±2.97)岁;BMI为17~27 kg/m2,平均为(21.54±1.31)kg/m2;停经时间37~58 d,平均(46.38±4.40)d;输卵管孕囊直径为1.6~5.6 cm,平均为(3.17±0.53)cm;输卵管妊娠部位:伞部27例,峡部88例,壶腹部185例;其中盆腔粘连72例,有异位妊娠病史45例,流产史100例,痛经史189例,盆腔手术史41例。本研究通过郑州市妇幼保健院伦理委员会审查(ZZFY-LL-2022018)。患者均签署知情同意书。

1.2. 超声检查输卵管通畅性

所有患者均采用输卵管部分切除术联合端端吻合术治疗,术后第3次月经干净后(3~7 d)采用彩色超声多普勒诊断仪(型号为Voluson E10)进行造影检查。以声诺维作为造影剂,造影药液配置方法:将5 mL等渗氯化钠溶液和25 mg声诺维振动摇匀后,抽取2.5 mL药液再加等渗氯化钠溶液至20 mL。患者均取仰卧位,消毒铺巾,于宫腔置管前30 min肌内注射含80 mg间苯三酚的灭菌注射用水4 mL,置入内窥镜及12号Foley管,于球囊内注入2~3 mL等渗氯化钠溶液后下拉至内口处,防止液体流出。将20 mL造影药液缓慢注入,启动输卵管造影四维超声模式,并经由补充三维、二维谐波及水造影等模式观察并记录患者输卵管畅通情况6

1.3. 收集临床资料

收集患者的临床资料,包括年龄、BMI、停经时间、异位妊娠史、流产史、痛经史、盆腔手术史、输卵管孕囊直径、输卵管妊娠部位、手术时机、盆腔粘连、吻合术方式、剩余输卵管长度、术中电凝输卵管部位的次数(以下简称术中电凝次数)、术中出血量、手术医生工作年限等内容。

1.4. 随访方法

术后所有患者均积极备孕,并经门诊、电话或微信沟通等途径随访1年,统计术后宫内妊娠率。

1.5. 统计学方法

使用SPSS 24.0软件进行统计分析。计量资料行Kolmogorov-Smirnov正态性检验和Levene法方差齐性检验,正态分布且方差齐性时以均数±标准差( x¯ ±s)表示,采用t检验;计数资料以例数(百分比)[n(%)]表示,采用χ 2检验;等级资料采用秩和检验。采用Lasso-Logistic回归分析术后输卵管通畅性的风险因素,Spearman相关性分析法分析各风险因素与术后妊娠率的关系。P<0.05的双尾分析表明差异有统计学意义。

2. 结 果

2.1. 输卵管部分切除术联合输卵管端端吻合术后影响患者输卵管通畅的单因素分析结果

术后超声检查结果显示,输卵管通畅225例(通畅组),输卵管通而不畅54例及输卵管堵塞21例(不通畅组)。单因素分析结果显示,患者年龄、输卵管孕囊直径、输卵管妊娠部位、手术时机、盆腔粘连、吻合术方式、剩余输卵管长度、盆腔手术史、术中电凝次数、术中出血量、手术医生工作年限是影响术后输卵管通畅的因素(均P<0.01),见表1

表1.

影响输卵管部分切除术联合端端吻合术患者输卵管通畅的单因素分析结果

影响因素 不通畅组(n=75) 通畅组(n=225) t/χ2 P
年龄(岁) 30.37±2.93 29.25±2.47 3.241 <0.01
体重指数(kg/m2 21.43±1.14 21.57±1.26 0.853 >0.05
停经时间(d) 45.85±4.30 46.55±3.72 1.356 >0.05
异位妊娠史 13(17.33) 32(14.22) 0.427 >0.05
流产史 27(36.00) 73(32.44) 0.320 >0.05
痛经史 49(65.33) 140(62.22) 0.234 >0.05
输卵管孕囊直径(cm) 3.30±0.48 3.12±0.37 3.374 <0.01
输卵管妊娠部位 伞部 6(8.00) 21(9.33) 3.399 <0.01
峡部 37(49.33) 51(22.67)
壶腹部 32(42.67) 153(68.00)
手术时机 急诊手术 30(40.00) 48(21.33) 10.187 <0.01
择期手术 45(60.00) 177(78.67)
盆腔粘连 39(52.00) 33(14.67) 42.983 <0.01
吻合术方式 开腹 22(29.33) 28(12.44) 11.552 <0.01
腹腔镜 53(70.67) 197(87.56)
剩余输卵管长度(cm) 4.36±0.64 5.11±0.68 8.392 <0.01
盆腔手术史 21(28.00) 20(8.89) 17.412 <0.01
术中电凝次数(次) 3.51±0.83 2.90±0.60 6.884 <0.01
术中出血量(mL) 35.03±10.13 31.18±8.15 3.325 <0.01
手术医生工作年限(年) 5.24±1.09 3.74±0.84 12.383 <0.01

x¯ ±sn(%)

2.2. 输卵管部分切除术联合输卵管端端吻合术后影响患者输卵管通畅的Lasso-Logistic回归分析结果

以术后输卵管通畅性作为因变量(通畅=0,不通畅=1),将单因素分析筛选出来的11个可能影响术后输卵管通畅性的因素纳入Lasso回归分析,筛选出7个影响因素,包括输卵管妊娠部位、盆腔粘连、吻合术方式、剩余输卵管长度、盆腔手术史、术中电凝次数、手术医生工作年限。再将这7个影响因素作为自变量(赋值方法见表2)纳入Logistic回归分析。结果显示,输卵管峡部妊娠、盆腔粘连、开腹吻合术、盆腔手术史、术中电凝次数是影响术后输卵管通畅的独立危险因素,剩余输卵管长度、手术医生工作年限是影响术后输卵管通畅的独立保护因素(均P<0.01),见表3

表2.

Logistic回归分析中自变量的赋值

变 量 赋 值
输卵管妊娠部位 无序变量,引入哑变量:伞部=Rac1,峡部=Rac2,壶腹部=Rac3
盆腔粘连 否=0,是=1
吻合术方式 腹腔镜=0,开腹=1
剩余输卵管长度 连续变量以实际值录入
盆腔手术史 无=0,有=1
术中电凝次数 连续变量以实际值录入
手术医生工作年限 连续变量以实际值录入

表3.

输卵管部分切除术联合输卵管端端吻合术后患者影响输卵管通畅性的Logistic回归分析结果

自变量 β SE Wald χ 2 OR 95%CI P
输卵管妊娠部位 伞部 1.000
峡部 1.686 0.480 12.337 5.398 1.926~15.127 <0.01
壶腹部 0.166 0.321 0.266 1.180 0.447~3.116 >0.05
盆腔粘连 1.926 0.544 12.541 6.865 2.153~21.892 <0.01
吻合术方式 腹腔镜 1.000
开腹 1.699 0.467 13.238 5.469 1.658~18.041 <0.01
剩余输卵管长度 -0.760 0.291 6.818 0.468 0.328~0.667 <0.01
盆腔手术史 1.844 0.502 13.496 6.323 2.021~19.783 <0.01
术中电凝次数 1.473 0.511 8.308 4.362 1.425~13.352 <0.01
手术医生工作年限 -0.919 0.305 9.072 0.399 0.250~0.637 <0.01
常量 -4.446 0.808 13.962 <0.01

—:无相关数据.

2.3. 输卵管部分切除术联合输卵管端端吻合术患者术后1年妊娠与各风险因素的相关性分析

300例患者随访1年后失访5例。295例患者中,术后1年妊娠192例(65.08%),其中宫内妊娠172例,占89.58%(172/192);异位妊娠20例,占10.42%(20/192)。Spearman相关性分析结果显示,输卵管峡部妊娠、盆腔粘连、开腹吻合术、盆腔手术史、术中电凝次数与术后妊娠呈负相关,剩余输卵管长度、手术医生工作年限与术后妊娠呈正相关(P<0.05),见表4

表4.

各风险因素与术后妊娠的相关性分析

变 量 r P
输卵管峡部妊娠 -0.611 <0.01
盆腔粘连 -0.672 <0.01
开腹吻合术 -0.587 <0.01
剩余输卵管长度 0.650 <0.01
盆腔手术史 -0.571 <0.01
术中电凝次数 -0.536 <0.01
手术医生工作年限 0.522 <0.01

3. 讨 论

大量临床实践证实,保守性手术治疗输卵管妊娠后仍有部分患者会发生输卵管不通畅及不孕现象7-9。本文资料显示,300例输卵管部分切除术联合端端吻合术后患者中输卵管不通畅75例(25.00%),单因素分析发现有11个因素是影响术后输卵管通畅的因素,经Lasso回归分析筛选出输卵管妊娠部位、盆腔粘连、吻合术方式、剩余输卵管长度、盆腔手术史、术中电凝次数、手术医生工作年限这7个因素,提示临床应重视上述因素对输卵管部分切除术联合端端吻合术后患者输卵管通畅的影响。

进一步采用Logistic回归分析显示,输卵管峡部妊娠、盆腔粘连、开腹吻合术、盆腔手术史和术中电凝次数是术后输卵管通畅的独立危险因素,剩余输卵管长度和手术医生工作年限是术后输卵管通畅的独立保护因素。分析原因如下:输卵管峡部管腔较小,术中进行止血处理会损伤输卵管壁,若术中出血量较多,使用电凝次数过多,还会明显增加对输卵管管壁的损伤程度,从而导致术后输卵管狭窄,严重者还会发生输卵管阻塞;而输卵管壶腹部妊娠时该部位的切口可自动对合,并获得较好的切口愈合质量,有利于减少输卵管损伤10-11。盆腔粘连的输卵管妊娠患者通常会导致输卵管黏膜损伤,造成伞端粘连闭锁,致使输卵管结构及功能受损,术中虽然对粘连部位进行了相关处理,但无法改善已损伤的输卵管结构及功能,从而导致术后输卵管堵塞风险较高12-13。既往研究指出,与开腹手术比较,腹腔镜输卵管部分切除术联合端端吻合术具有微创、恢复快、减少输卵管结构及功能损伤等优势;在腹腔镜条件下输卵管妊娠病灶能清晰呈现,有利于进行精细操作,尽可能保留足够长的输卵管组织能降低术后输卵管粘连及阻塞风险14-16。本文资料显示术中电凝次数过多会增加术后输卵管不通畅可能性。其原因为术中多次重复使用电凝止血会增加输卵管黏膜与肌层损伤范围,导致术后管腔粘连及狭窄发生率增加17-18。本研究结果表明,有盆腔手术史的患者术后输卵管不通畅风险会增加6.323倍,与陈俊杰等19报道结果相符,这与盆腔手术会改变相关解剖组织结构从而影响输卵管功能等因素密切相关。同时,本文资料显示,术后剩余输卵管长度较短会增加不通畅风险、降低术后妊娠率,提示术中应尽可能多地保留正常的输卵管组织,减少输卵管损伤。但有国外学者认为,输卵管长度不会增加术后输卵管阻塞风险,且不影响术后妊娠率20,与本研究结果不一致,可能与患者个体差异、病情不同等因素有关,后续还须进一步观察。此外,手术医生工作年限与术后输卵管通畅性有关是因为随着临床工作年限的延长,医师的手术技巧熟练度较高、工作经验较丰富,不仅能准确进行手术操作,还能及时且正确地处理术中可能发生的急性事件,从而保障手术效果,避免过多输卵管损伤,减少术后输卵管粘连及阻塞现象发生,提高术后输卵管通畅率21

随访1年发现,输卵管部分切除术联合端端吻合术后患者1年妊娠率为65.08%,提示输卵管部分切除术联合端端吻合术后患者妊娠率较高,但仍存在少部分患者妊娠失败的现象。相关性分析结果显示,输卵管峡部妊娠、盆腔粘连、开腹吻合术、盆腔手术史和术中电凝次数与术后妊娠率呈负相关,剩余输卵管长度和手术医生工作年限与术后妊娠率呈正相关,表明输卵管通畅性的风险因素会对术后妊娠产生明显影响,提示临床应从上述风险因素出发制订科学、可靠的防治措施,以确保术后输卵管通畅性,提高妊娠率。本研究具有一些不足之处:未详细分析术后血清β-hCG下降的趋势及其与输卵管通畅性、妊娠率的关系;在分析术后妊娠与各危险因素之间的关系时未排除患者年龄、卵巢功能等干扰因素的影响,可能会导致结果存在一定偏差。

综上,影响输卵管部分切除术联合端端吻合术后患者输卵管通畅的风险因素包括输卵管峡部妊娠、盆腔粘连、开腹吻合术、盆腔手术史、术中电凝次数、剩余输卵管长度、手术医生工作年限,均与妊娠显著相关,可为临床提供相关指导。

Acknowledgments

研究得到河南省医学科技攻关计划(LHGJ2022 0400)支持

Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the Medical Science and Technology Research Program of Henan Province (LHGJ20220400)

[缩略语]

人绒毛膜促性腺激素(human chorionic gonadotropin,hCG);体重指数(body mass index,BMI)

利益冲突声明

所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突

Conflict of Interests

The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests

参考文献(References)

  • 1.XIAO C, SHI Q Q, CHENG Q J, et al. Non-surgical management of tubal ectopic pregnancy: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J/OL]. Medicine (Baltimore), 2021, 100(50): e27851. 10.1097/md.0000000000027851 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 2.KARAVANI G, GUTMAN-IDO E, HERZBERG S, et al. Recurrent tubal ectopic pregnancy management and the risk of a third ectopic pregnancy[J]. J Minim Invasive Gynecol, 2021, 28(8): 1497-1502. 10.1016/j.jmig.2020.12.005 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 3.程文君, 丁烨玮, 王艳静. 输卵管病灶切除+端端吻合术治疗输卵管妊娠的临床研究[J]. 中国妇幼保健, 2023, 38(7): 1253-1256. [Google Scholar]; CHENG Wenjun, DING Yewei, WANG Yanjing. Clinical study on the treatment of tubal pregnancy by resection of fallopian tube lesions and end-to-end anastomosis[J]. China Maternal and Child Health, 2023, 38(7): 1253-1256. (in Chinese) [Google Scholar]
  • 4.SU H, SUNG Y J, PAI A H Y, et al. Restoring tubal patency with laparoscopic tubocornual anastomosis[J]. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol, 2022, 61(5): 858-862. 10.1016/j.tjog.2021.10.009 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 5.PEREGRINE J, MCGOVERN P G, BRADY P C, et al. Restoring fertility in women aged 40 years and older after tubal ligation: tubal anastomosis versus in vitro fertilization[J]. Fertil Steril, 2020, 113(4): 735-742. 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.01.041 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 6.中华医学会放射学分会介入专委会妇儿介入学组 . 子宫输卵管造影中国专家共识[J]. 中华介入放射学电子杂志, 2018, 6(3): 185-187. 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-5782.2018.03.001 [DOI] [Google Scholar]; Obstetrics and Gynecology Interventional Group, Interventional Committee of the Radiology Branch, Chinese Medical Association . Consensus of Chinese experts on hysterosalpingography[J]. Chinese Journal of Interventional Radiology, 2018, 6(3): 185-187. (in Chinese) 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-5782.2018.03.001. 10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-5782.2018.03.001 [DOI] [Google Scholar]
  • 7.GRIGORIU C, BOHILTEA R E, MIHAI B M, et al. Success rate of methotrexate in the conservative treatment of tubal ectopic pregnancies[J]. Exp Ther Med, 2022, 23(2): 150. 10.3892/etm.2021.11073 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 8.OZCELTIK G, YENIEL A O, ATAY A O, et al. Trans-vaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery for tubal stump pregnancy[J]. J Minim Invasive Gynecol, 2021, 28(4): 750-751. 10.1016/j.jmig.2020.06.026 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 9.HAO H J, FENG L, DONG L F, et al. Reproductive outcomes of ectopic pregnancy with conservative and surgical treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J/OL]. Medicine (Baltimore), 2023, 102(17): e33621. 10.1097/md.0000000000033621 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 10.TING W H, LIN H H, HSIAO S M. Factors predicting persistent ectopic pregnancy after laparoscopic salpingo-stomy or salpingotomy for tubal pregnancy: a retro-spective cohort study[J]. J Minim Invasive Gynecol, 2019, 26(6): 1036-1043. 10.1016/j.jmig.2018.10.004 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 11.OZCAN M C H, WILSON J R, FRISHMAN G N. A systematic review and meta-analysis of surgical treat-ment of ectopic pregnancy with salpingectomy versus salpingostomy[J]. J Minim Invasive Gynecol, 2021, 28(3): 656-667. 10.1016/j.jmig.2020.10.014 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 12.LI P C, LIN W Y, DING D C. Risk factors and clinical characteristics associated with a ruptured ectopic pregnancy: a 19-year retrospective observational study[J/OL]. Medicine (Baltimore), 2022, 101(24): e29514. 10.1097/md.0000000000029514 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 13.彭超男, 王建萍, 杨晓丽, 等. 输卵管阻塞性不孕症患者输卵管通畅性影响因素分析[J]. 山西医药杂志, 2020, 49(8): 969-971. 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9926.2020.08.015 [DOI] [Google Scholar]; PENG Chaonan, WANG Jianping, YANG Xiaoli, et al. Analysis of factors affecting tubal patency in patients with tubal obstructive infertility[J]. Shanxi Medical Journal, 2020, 49(8): 969-971. (in Chinese) 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9926.2020.08.015. 10.3969/j.issn.0253-9926.2020.08.015 [DOI] [Google Scholar]
  • 14.GHOMI A, NOLAN W, RODGERS B. Robotic-assisted laparoscopic tubal anastomosis: single institution analysis[J]. Int J Med Robot, 2020, 16(6): 1-5. 10.1002/rcs.2155 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 15.XIANG Y C, HUANG W, FU J, et al. Effectiveness of laparoscopic tubal anastomosis in tubal occlusion patients after laparoscopic salpingostomy for tubal pregnancy[J]. Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 2022, 156(2): 292-297. 10.1002/ijgo.13637 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 16.DING N, ZHANG J, WANG P L, et al. A novel machine learning model for predicting clinical pregnancy after laparoscopic tubal anastomosis[J]. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 2023, 23(1): 537. 10.1186/s12884-023-05854-5 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 17.CHEN Z Q, NG E H Y, CHEN M X, et al. Comparison of the ongoing pregnancy rate of in vitro fertilisation following tubal occlusion by microcoil placement versus laparoscopic tubal ligation for hydrosalpinges[J]. Hum Fertil (Camb), 2022, 25(1): 86-92. 10.1080/14647273.2019.1701204 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 18.CHEN X D, JIN X Y. Analysis of the occurrence of interstitial pregnancy during the re-pregnancy after modified tubal resection or ligation[J]. Natl Med J China, 2020, 100(10): 775-778. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 19.陈俊杰, 郭瑞霞, 杜文君, 等. 开腹与腹腔镜下输卵管吻合术的回顾性队列研究及术后妊娠率影响因素分析[J]. 中国妇产科临床杂志, 2021, 22(4): 375-378. [Google Scholar]; CHEN Junjie, GUO Ruixia, DU Wenjun, et al. Retros-pective cohort study of laparotomic and laparoscopic tubal anastomosis and analysis of influencing factors of pregnancy rate after anastomosis[J]. Chinese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 2021, 22(4): 375-378. (in Chinese) [Google Scholar]
  • 20.VAN SEETERS JAH, CHUA S J, MOL B W J, et al. Tubal anastomosis after previous sterilization: a syste-matic review[J]. Hum Reprod Update, 2017, 23(3): 358-370. 10.1093/humupd/dmx003 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 21.马叶烨, 郭超, 乔晓林. 腹腔镜保守性手术治疗输卵管妊娠术后输卵管通畅性的影响因素分析[J]. 中国妇幼保健, 2021, 36(3): 632-634. [Google Scholar]; MA Yeye, GUO Chao, QIAO Xiaolin. Analysis of influencing factors on tubal patency after laparoscopic conservative surgery for tubal pregnancy[J]. China Maternal and Child Health, 2021, 36(3): 632-634. (in Chinese) [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Zhejiang University (Medical Sciences) are provided here courtesy of Zhejiang University Press

RESOURCES