Abstract
The human glutathione S-transferase pi gene has been isolated from a cosmid library. The gene spans approximately 3 kb, is interrupted by six introns and the region around its 5' end has the high G + C and CpG content typical of an HTF (HpaII tiny fragment) island. In addition to a TATA box at position -28 relative to the transcription initiation site and two G + C boxes (GGGCGG), the promoter contains a sequence motif matching the phorbol ester- and ras-responsive element from the polyoma virus enhancer.
Full text
PDFImages in this article
Selected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Angel P., Imagawa M., Chiu R., Stein B., Imbra R. J., Rahmsdorf H. J., Jonat C., Herrlich P., Karin M. Phorbol ester-inducible genes contain a common cis element recognized by a TPA-modulated trans-acting factor. Cell. 1987 Jun 19;49(6):729–739. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90611-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Batist G., Tulpule A., Sinha B. K., Katki A. G., Myers C. E., Cowan K. H. Overexpression of a novel anionic glutathione transferase in multidrug-resistant human breast cancer cells. J Biol Chem. 1986 Nov 25;261(33):15544–15549. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bird A. P. CpG-rich islands and the function of DNA methylation. Nature. 1986 May 15;321(6067):209–213. doi: 10.1038/321209a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Breathnach R., Chambon P. Organization and expression of eucaryotic split genes coding for proteins. Annu Rev Biochem. 1981;50:349–383. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.50.070181.002025. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Chirgwin J. M., Przybyla A. E., MacDonald R. J., Rutter W. J. Isolation of biologically active ribonucleic acid from sources enriched in ribonuclease. Biochemistry. 1979 Nov 27;18(24):5294–5299. doi: 10.1021/bi00591a005. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dao D. D., Partridge C. A., Kurosky A., Awasthi Y. C. Human glutathione S-transferases. Characterization of the anionic forms from lung and placenta. Biochem J. 1984 Jul 1;221(1):33–41. doi: 10.1042/bj2210033. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Di Ilio C., Del Boccio G., Aceto A., Casaccia R., Mucilli F., Federici G. Elevation of glutathione transferase activity in human lung tumor. Carcinogenesis. 1988 Feb;9(2):335–340. doi: 10.1093/carcin/9.2.335. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ellison M., Woodhouse D., Hillyard C., Dowsett M., Coombes R. C., Gilby E. D., Greenberg P. B., Neville A. M. Immunoreactive calcitonin production by human lung carcinoma cells in culture. Br J Cancer. 1975 Sep;32(3):373–379. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1975.237. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Guthenberg C., Akerfeldt K., Mannervik B. Purification of glutathione-S-transferase from human placenta. Acta Chem Scand B. 1979;33(8):595–596. doi: 10.3891/acta.chem.scand.33b-0595. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hussey A. J., Stockman P. K., Beckett G. J., Hayes J. D. Variations in the glutathione S-transferase subunits expressed in human livers. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1986 Nov 7;874(1):1–12. doi: 10.1016/0167-4838(86)90094-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Imler J. L., Schatz C., Wasylyk C., Chatton B., Wasylyk B. A Harvey-ras responsive transcription element is also responsive to a tumour-promoter and to serum. Nature. 1988 Mar 17;332(6161):275–278. doi: 10.1038/332275a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kano T., Sakai M., Muramatsu M. Structure and expression of a human class pi glutathione S-transferase messenger RNA. Cancer Res. 1987 Nov 1;47(21):5626–5630. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ketterer B., Meyer D. J., Coles B., Taylor J. B., Pemble S. Glutathione transferases and carcinogenesis. Basic Life Sci. 1986;39:103–126. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4684-5182-5_9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kioussis D., Wilson F., Daniels C., Leveton C., Taverne J., Playfair J. H. Expression and rescuing of a cloned human tumour necrosis factor gene using an EBV-based shuttle cosmid vector. EMBO J. 1987 Feb;6(2):355–361. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb04762.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Li Y. C., Seyama T., Godwin A. K., Winokur T. S., Lebovitz R. M., Lieberman M. W. MTrasT24, a metallothionein-ras fusion gene, modulates expression in cultured rat liver cells of two genes associated with in vivo liver cancer. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Jan;85(2):344–348. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.2.344. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mannervik B., Alin P., Guthenberg C., Jensson H., Tahir M. K., Warholm M., Jörnvall H. Identification of three classes of cytosolic glutathione transferase common to several mammalian species: correlation between structural data and enzymatic properties. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Nov;82(21):7202–7206. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.21.7202. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Mannervik B., Castro V. M., Danielson U. H., Tahir M. K., Hansson J., Ringborg U. Expression of class Pi glutathione transferase in human malignant melanoma cells. Carcinogenesis. 1987 Dec;8(12):1929–1932. doi: 10.1093/carcin/8.12.1929. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McKnight S. L., Kingsbury R. Transcriptional control signals of a eukaryotic protein-coding gene. Science. 1982 Jul 23;217(4557):316–324. doi: 10.1126/science.6283634. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Meyer D. J., Beale D., Tan K. H., Coles B., Ketterer B. Glutathione transferases in primary rat hepatomas: the isolation of a form with GSH peroxidase activity. FEBS Lett. 1985 May 6;184(1):139–143. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(85)80670-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Minowada J., Janossy G., Greaves M. F., Tsubota T., Srivastava B. I., Morikawa S., Tatsumi E. Expression of an antigen associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in human leukemia-lymphoma cell lines. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1978 Jun;60(6):1269–1277. doi: 10.1093/jnci/60.6.1269. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Okuda A., Sakai M., Muramatsu M. The structure of the rat glutathione S-transferase P gene and related pseudogenes. J Biol Chem. 1987 Mar 15;262(8):3858–3863. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pemble S. E., Taylor J. B., Ketterer B. Tissue distribution of rat glutathione transferase subunit 7, a hepatoma marker. Biochem J. 1986 Dec 15;240(3):885–889. doi: 10.1042/bj2400885. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pickett C. B. Structure and regulation of glutathione S-transferase genes. Essays Biochem. 1987;23:116–143. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Power C., Sinha S., Webber C., Manson M. M., Neal G. E. Transformation related expression of glutathione-S-transferase P in rat liver cells. Carcinogenesis. 1987 Jun;8(6):797–801. doi: 10.1093/carcin/8.6.797. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Robson C. N., Lewis A. D., Wolf C. R., Hayes J. D., Hall A., Proctor S. J., Harris A. L., Hickson I. D. Reduced levels of drug-induced DNA cross-linking in nitrogen mustard-resistant Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing elevated glutathione S-transferase activity. Cancer Res. 1987 Nov 15;47(22):6022–6027. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A. R. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463–5467. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Satoh K., Kitahara A., Soma Y., Inaba Y., Hatayama I., Sato K. Purification, induction, and distribution of placental glutathione transferase: a new marker enzyme for preneoplastic cells in the rat chemical hepatocarcinogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Jun;82(12):3964–3968. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.12.3964. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shiratori Y., Soma Y., Maruyama H., Sato S., Takano A., Sato K. Immunohistochemical detection of the placental form of glutathione S-transferase in dysplastic and neoplastic human uterine cervix lesions. Cancer Res. 1987 Dec 15;47(24 Pt 1):6806–6809. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Singh S. V., Leal T., Ansari G. A., Awasthi Y. C. Purification and characterization of glutathione S-transferases of human kidney. Biochem J. 1987 Aug 15;246(1):179–186. doi: 10.1042/bj2460179. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Soma Y., Satoh K., Sato K. Purification and subunit-structural and immunological characterization of five glutathione S-transferases in human liver, and the acidic form as a hepatic tumor marker. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1986 Feb 14;869(3):247–258. doi: 10.1016/0167-4838(86)90064-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Suguoka Y., Kano T., Okuda A., Sakai M., Kitagawa T., Muramatsu M. Cloning and the nucleotide sequence of rat glutathione S-transferase P cDNA. Nucleic Acids Res. 1985 Sep 11;13(17):6049–6057. doi: 10.1093/nar/13.17.6049. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tan K. H., Meyer D. J., Coles B., Ketterer B. Thymine hydroperoxide, a substrate for rat Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase and glutathione transferase isoenzymes. FEBS Lett. 1986 Oct 27;207(2):231–233. doi: 10.1016/0014-5793(86)81494-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Tew K. D., Clapper M. L., Greenberg R. E., Weese J. L., Hoffman S. J., Smith T. M. Glutathione S-transferases in human prostate. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1987 Oct 8;926(1):8–15. doi: 10.1016/0304-4165(87)90177-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]