Table 4.
Prevalence of Under-Nourishment |
Full Sample |
Central Africa |
East Africa |
Southern Africa |
Western Africa |
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---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | Agric. Res. | Agric. R&D | Agric. Res. | Agric. R&D | Agric. Res. | Agric. R&D | Agric. Res. | Agric. R&D | Agric. Res. | Agric. R&D | |
Population Growth | 0.423*** | 0.352*** | 0.122 | 0.055 | 0.012 | −0.007 | 0.598*** | 0.456*** | −0.213 | −0.397*** | |
(0.031) | (0.028) | (0.136) | (0.174) | (0.077) | (0.222) | (0.035) | (0.028) | (0.144) | (0.128) | ||
Food CPI | 0.216*** | −0.124 | −0.059 | −0.466 | 1.514 | −0.659*** | −0.484*** | −0.699* | −1.076*** | −0.035 | −0.212 |
(0.073) | (0.077) | (0.074) | (2.147) | (1.924) | (0.128) | (0.125) | (0.358) | (0.222) | (0.170) | (0.139) | |
Food per capita | −0.632*** | −0.117 | −0.189* | 2.879*** | −1.625*** | 0.132 | 0.231 | 0.868*** | 1.042*** | −0.657* | −0.691*** |
(0.106) | (0.140) | (0.108) | (0.235) | (0.502) | (0.192) | (0.663) | (0.191) | (0.182) | (0.370) | (0.268) | |
Agric. Researchers | −0.320*** | 1.450*** | −0.226** | −0.527*** | −0.147*** | ||||||
(0.023) | (0.098) | (0.094) | (0.0311) | (0.045) | |||||||
Agric. R&D Spending | −0.224*** | 0.399*** | −0.083 | −0.330*** | −0.257*** | ||||||
(0.021) | (0.066) | (0.117) | (0.023) | (0.032) | |||||||
East Africa | 1.121*** | 0.951*** | |||||||||
(0.071) | (0.065) | ||||||||||
South Africa | 0.418*** | 0.453*** | |||||||||
(0.103) | (0.064) | ||||||||||
West Africa |
−0.051 | 0.021 | |||||||||
(0.061) |
(0.071) |
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Time Dummies | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
Observations | 462 | 392 | 392 | 34 | 34 | 51 | 51 | 137 | 137 | 153 | 153 |
R-squared | 0.236 | 0.554 | 0.551 | 0.973 | 0.961 | 0.943 | 0.884 | 0.844 | 0.847 | 0.326 | 0.454 |
Boostrap Replication | 50 | 22 | 21 | 45 | 48 | 29 | 28 | 30 | 27 | 50 | 49 |
Standard errors in parentheses ***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.1. Note: Baseline model is the original Warren's [30] model, Agric. Res. Stands for the Full-time equivalents of agricultural researchers, Agric. R&D stands for the total annual expenditures on agricultural research and development.