Table 3.

Results from the regression analysis of NMR-derived biomarkers with EDSS or timed ambulation as predictors in MS. All regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, and BMI. The generalized eta-squared (${\eta }^2$) effect size measure (p-values) and regression coefficient $\beta$ are shown.

NMR Biomarker	EDSS		Timed Ambulation *
	${\mathit{\eta }}^2$ (p-Value)	$\mathit{\beta }$	${\mathit{\eta }}^2$ (p-Value)	$\mathit{\beta }$
Valine	0.010 (0.11)	−2.36	0.012 (0.12)	−16.4
Leucine	0.010 (0.13)	−2.04	0.016 (0.08)	−16.5
Isoleucine	0.014 (0.06)	−1.23	0.016 (0.08)	−8.28
BCAA	0.013 (0.07)	−5.62	0.017 (0.07)	−41.1
Alanine	0.010 (0.12)	−5.72	0.031 (0.015)	−63.0
Citrate	0.002 (0.52)	0.534	<0.001 (0.69)	2.29
sHDLP	0.022 (0.02)	−0.225	0.007 (0.25)	−0.764
GlycA	0.009 (0.14)	3.43	0.010 (0.16)	23.2
IVX	0.031 (0.006)	1.02	0.023 (0.04)	5.13
MMX	0.008 (0.16)	0.379	0.013 (0.11)	2.97
MVX	0.046 (<0.001)	0.946	0.041 (0.005)	5.34

* Timed ambulation was logarithm-transformed. Abbreviations: BCAAs: branched-chain amino acids; sHDLPs: small high-density lipoprotein particles; GlycAs: glycated proteins; IVX: Inflammatory Vulnerability Index; MMX: Metabolic Malnutrition Index; MVX Metabolic Vulnerability Index.