Table 2.
Side effects associated with liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide.
| Side Effects | Liraglutide 3.0 mg |
Semaglutide 2.4 mg |
Tirzepatide 15 mg |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medication | Placebo | Medication | Placebo | Medication | Placebo | |
| All Side Effects | 1992 (80.3) | 786 (63.3) | 1171 (89.7) | 566 (86.4) | 497 (78.9) | 463 (72.0) |
| Nausea | 997 (40.2) | 183 (14.7) | 577 (44.2) | 114 (17.4) | 195 (31.0) | 61 (9.5) |
| Diarrhea | 518 (20.9) | 115 (9.3) | 412 (31.5) | 104 (15.9) | 145 (23.0) | 47 (7.3) |
| Covid-19 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 82 (13.0) | 90 (14.0) |
| Constipation | 495 (20.0) | 108 (8.7) | 306 (23.4) | 62 (9.5) | 74 (11.7) | 37 (5.8) |
| Vomiting | 404 (16.3) | 51 (4.1) | 324 (24.8) | 43 (6.6) | 77 (12.2) | 11 (1.7) |
| Dyspepsia | 236 (9.5) | 39 (3.1) | 135 (10.3) | 23 (3.5) | 71 (11.3) | 27 (4.2) |
| Upper abdominal pain | 141 (5.7) | 43 (3.5) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Abdominal pain | 130 (5.2) | 43 (3.5) | 130 (10.0) | 36 (5.5) | 31 (4.9) | 21 (3.3) |
| Nasopharyngitis | 427 (17.2) | 234 (18.8) | NA | NA | ||
| URT infection | 213 (8.6) | 122 (9.8) | 114 (8.7) | 80 (12.2) | NA | NA |
| Sinusitis | 128 (5.2) | 73 (5.9) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Influenza | 144 (5.8) | 66 (5.3) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Headache | 327 (13.2) | 154 (12.4) | NA | NA | 41 (6.5) | 42 (6.5) |
| Dizziness | 167 (6.7) | 60 (4.8) | NA | NA | 26 (4.1) | 15 (2.3) |
| Decreased appetite | 267 (10.8) | 38 (3.1) | NA | NA | 54 (8.6) | 21 (3.3) |
| Back pain | 171 (6.9) | 105 (8.5) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Arthralgia | 125 (5.0) | 71 (5.7) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Fatigue | 185 (7.5) | 65 (5.2) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Injection-site hematoma | 142 (5.7) | 93 (7.5) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Alopecia | NA | NA | NA | NA | 36 (5.7) | 6 (0.9) |
| Eructation | NA | NA | NA | NA | 35 (5.6) | 4 (0.6) |
| Safety focus areas | ||||||
| Gastrointestinal disorders | NA | NA | 969 (74.2) | 314 (47.9) | 21 (3.3) | 7 (1.1) |
| Gallbladder-related disorders | NA | NA | 34 (2.6) | 8 (1.2) | 6 (1.0)∗ | 5 (0.8) |
| Hepatobiliary disorders | NA | NA | 33 (2.5) | 5 (0.8) | NA | NA |
| Cholelithiasis | NA | NA | 23 (1.8) | 4 (0.6) | 4 (0.6) | 6 (0.9) |
| Hepatic disorder | NA | NA | 31 (2.4) | 20 (3.1) | 0∗ | 0 |
| Acute pancreatitis | NA | NA | 3 (0.2) | 0 | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.2) |
| Cardiovascular disorder | NA | NA | 107 (8.2) | 75 (11.5) | 2 (0.3)∗ | 1 (0.2) |
| Allergic reactions | NA | NA | 96 (7.4) | 54 (8.2) | NA | NA |
| Injection site reactions | NA | NA | 65 (5.0) | 44 (6.7) | 29 (4.6) | 2 (0.3) |
| Malignant neoplasm | NA | NA | 14 (1.1) | 7 (1.1) | 5 (0.8) | 7 (1.1) |
| Psychiatric disorder | NA | NA | 124 (9.5) | 83 (12.7) | NA | NA |
| Acute renal failure | NA | NA | 3 (0.2) | 2 (0.3) | 2 (0.3)∗ | 1 (0.2) |
| Hypoglycemia | 32 (1.3) | 13 (1.0) | 8 (0.6) | 5 (0.8) | 10 (1.6) | 1 (0.2) |
| Major adverse cardiovascular event | NA | NA | NA | NA | 0 | 5 (0.8) |
| Major depressive disorder or suicidal ideation | NA | NA | NA | NA | 2 (0.3)∗ | 0 |
| Hypersensitivity | NA | NA | NA | NA | 1 (0.2) | 0 |
| Serious adverse effects | 154 (6.2) | 62 (5.0) | 128 (9.8) | 42 (6.4) | 32 (5.1) | 44 (6.8) |
| Cholelithiasis | 20 (0.8) | 5 (0.4) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Acute cholecystitis | 12 (0.5) | 0 | NA | NA | 1 (0.2) | 0 |
| Osteoarthritis | 6 (0.2) | 0 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Intravertebral disc protrusion | 5 (0.2) | 1 (0.1) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Acute pancreatitis | 4 (0.2) | 0 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Cholecystitis | 4 (0.2) | 0 | NA | NA | 0 | 0 |
| Breast cancer | 4 (0.2) | 1 (0.1) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Back pain | 2 (0.1) | 2 (0.2) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Uterine leiomyoma | 1 (<0.1) | 2 (0.2) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Cellulitis | 1 (<0.1) | 3 (0.2) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Gastrointestinal reflux disease | 0 | 2 (0.2) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Bronchitis | 0 | 2 (0.2) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Bladder prolapse | 0 | 2 (0.2) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Chest Pain | 0 | 3 (0.2) | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Chronic cholecystitis | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |